Lab quiz 8,9,10

jugular foramen, mandibular fossa, styloid process, external acoustic meatus, mastoid process

Temporal- zygomatic process

part of the mandible. forms the horizontal portion that forms the chin

body

part of the mandible. superior margin of the mandible; contains sockets in which the teeth lie

alveolar process

Tarsals

ankle bones

coronoid fossa

anterior depression, superior to the trochlea, that receives part of the ulna when bending at the elbow

cover the ends of most bones at movable joints

articular cartilage

inorganic calcium salts and collage fibers in the matrix providing flexibility

bone ground substance

Metatarsals

bones forming the instep of the foot

opening through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity

carotid canal

Acetabulum

deep socket in the hip bone that receives the head of the thigh bone

glenoid cavity

depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerus

massive secure axial and limb attachments weight-bearing most important

descriptive term for pelvic girdle

flexibility most important, lightweight, insecure axial and limb attachments

descriptive terms for the pectoral girdle

true pelvis is enclosed by the sacrum, ischium, pubis and pelvic portions of the illium. false pelvis is pelvis major and is between the illiac crest its inferior boundary is the pelvic brim

difference between true pelvis and the false pelvis

Phalanges

each hand has 14 finger bones called

found in external ear and epiglottis

elastic cartilages

crista galli, cribiform plates (foramina)

ethmoid bone

unpaired cranial bone that is a significant component of the upper nasal cavity and the nasal septum. also constitutes the medial orbit wall.

ethmoid bone

located on the posterior surface of the occipital bone. looks like a little bump

external occipital protuberance

generally thin with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them. many flat bones are curved (ex: bones of the cranium)

flat bones

almost completely closed by cartilage in the living person but forms a jagged opening in dried skulls

foramen lacerum

part of the occipital bone where the medulla oblongata, accessory nerves, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, and the vertebral arteries pass through

foramen magnum

openings located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum a branch of cranial nerve V (maxillary division) passes through

foramen ovale

part of the sphenoid bone. openings located in the medial part of the greater wing; a branch of cranial nerve V passes through (maxillary division)

foramen rotundum

openings located posterolateral to the foramen ovale; provides passageway for the middle meningeal artery

foramen spinosum

metacarpals

form the palm of the hand and the heads of these bones form the knuckles

coracoid process

hooklike process; biceps brachii attachment site

facial bone. forms the posterior portion of the hard plate

horizonal plate palatine bone

206

how many bones are there in the body?

a depression on the front of the maxillary bone above the incissor teeth

incisive fossa

part of the maxilla facial bone. opening under the orbit that forms a passageway for the infraorbital artery and nerve

infraorbital foramen

pads located between the vertebrae

intervertebral discs

bones that do not fall into any of the other 3 categories. the vertebrae are irregular bones

irregular bones

Sacroilliac Joint (SI) Joint

joint between axial skeleton and pelvic girdle

located where the petrous part of the temporal bone joins the occipital bone. forms an opening which the internal jugular vain and cranial nerves IX,X,XI pass through

jugular foramen

Patella

kneecap

small bone forming part of the eye socket

lacrimal bone

part of the lacrimal facial bone. houses the lacrimal sac which helps to drain tears from the nasal cavity

lacrimal fossa

Between the rings of matrix, the bone cells (osteocytes) are located in spaces called lacunae. Small channels (canaliculi) radiate from the lacunae to the osteonic (haversian) canal to provide passageways through the hard matrix.

lacunae

on the posterior side of the skull and connects the parietal bone with the occipital bone

lambdoid suture

gives compact bone its hardness and rigidity

lamellae

calcaneus

largest tarsal bone

lateral malleolus

lateral ankle projection

Acromion

lateral end of the spine of the scapula; clavicle articulation site

capitulum

lateral rounded knob on the distal humerus

from part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the orbit

lesser wings

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

list the distal row of wrist bones from lateral to medial

femur and phalanges or (singular: phalanx), are much longer than they are wide and, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end. composed mostly of compact bone.

long bones

Femur

longest strongest bone in body

largest and strongest bone in the face. forms the lower part of the jaw and part of the mouth

mandible

the exception, it is attached to the rest of the skull by a freely movable joint

mandible

posterior points where the ramus meets the body

mandibular angles

located on the interior surface of the zygomatic process receives the condyle process of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint

mandibular fossa

separate the condylar process and the coronoid process

mandibular notches

located behind the ear. allows the attachment of muscles in the face and neck.

mastoid process

bone that forms the upper jaw

maxilla

medial malleolus

medial ankle projection

trochlea

medial condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna

facial bone. median fusion point of the horizontal plates of the palatine bone.

median palatine suture

pads located in the knee joint

menisci

part of the mandible. paired openings on the body (lateral to the midline) transmit blood vessels and nerves to the lower lip and skin of the chin

mental foramina

the ulnar head and the ulnar notch

name the two bone markings that form the distal radioulnar joint

supports the external nose

nasal cartilages

greater sciatic notch

notch located inferior to the ischial spine

foramen magnum, occipital condyles

occipital bone

posterior cranial bone. considered a flat bone meaning its primary purpose is for protection or to provide a broad surface for muscle attachment

occipital bone

between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone

occipitomastoid suture

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

formations characteristic of mature bone and take shape during the process of bone remodeling, or renewal

osteon

roof of the mouth

palatine process of maxilla

two bones in the skull when joined at the fibrous joint form the sides and roof of the cranium

parietal bone

greater sciatic notch

permits passage of the sciatic nerve

pubic symphysis

point where the hip bones join anteriorly

tibial tuberosity

point where the patellar ligament attaches

olecranon fossa

posterior depression on the distal humerus

located where the hip bones join anteriorly

pubic symphysis

part of the mandible, vertical extension of the body.

ramus

found in the larynx and other respiratory structures

respiratory cartilages

ischial tuberosity

rough projection that supports body weight when sitting

special types of short bones formed within tendons. ex: the patella

sesamoid bones

Tibia

shinbone

typically cube shaped, and they contain more spongy bones than compact bones. ex: tarsals and carpals

short bones

greater tuberosity and greater and lesser trochanters

sites of muscle attachment on the proximal femur

medial epicondyle

small bump on the humerus, often called the "funny bone"

all but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking fibers called

sutures

talus

tarsal bone that "sits" on the calcaneus

Talus

tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia

2 major bones that help form the sides and base of the skull

temporal bone

anterior clavicle and posterior scapula

the bones that form the pectoral girdle are the

articular cartilages, costal cartilages, respiratory cartilages, nasal cartilages

types of hyaline cartilages

long, short, flat and irregular

4 categories of bones: gross anatomy

intervertebral discs, menisci, pubic symphysis

Fibrocartilage types

project laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbits

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

deltoid tuberosity

a roughened area on the lateral humerus: deltoid attachment site

phalanx

a single bone is called a

The central canal (also known as Haversian canal) is a tube-like passage that contains blood vessels and nerve fibers. osteons are formed around these canals

central canal

dense and made up of organizational units called osteons. ex:

compact bone

part of the mandible. articulates with the mandibular fossae of the temporal bones.

condylar processes

connects the frontal and parietal bones of the skull

coronal suture

part of the mandible. "crown-shaped" portion of the ramus for muscle attachment

coronoid processes

connects the ribs to the sternum

costal cartilages

part of the ethmoid bone. "Roosters comb" a superior projection that attaches to the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull.

crista galli

forms the anterior and superior portions of the skull

frontal bonete

part of the maxilla facial bone. forms the part of the lateral aspect of the bridge of the nose

frontal process

sella turcisa, wings (greater and lesser), optic canal, foramen ovale, superior orbital fissure

sphenoid bone

forms the base of the cranium behind the eye and below the front part of the brain. has two pairs of broad lateral "wings" and contains two air filled sinuses

sphenoid bone (greater wing)

aka cancellous bone, is composed of small trabeculae (columns) of bone and lots of open space

spongy bone

between the temporal and parietal bones bilaterally

squamous suture

needlelike projection that serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles of the neck. this process is often missing from demonstration skulls because it has broken off

styloid process

tiny opening between the mastoid and the styloid process through which cranial nerve VII leaves the cranium

stylomastoid foramen

form attachments with the muscles and ligaments that stabilize the occipital condyles

superior nuchal line

Illium

superiormost margin of the bone

ulnar notch

surface on the radius that receives the head of the ulna

radial notch

surface on the ulna that receives the head of the radius

tiny bones between cranial bones

sutural bones

2 sets of bones the cranium and the facial bones

the skull is composed of:

arm bone, the humerus, and the two bones of the forearm the radius and ulna

the upper limb is formed by the

fibula

thin lateral leg bone

Tibia

weight bearing bone of the leg

the illium, ischium, and the pubis

what fuses to form the hipbone

bone that forms the prominent part of the cheek and the outer side

zygomatic bone

a bridgelike projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch

zygomatic process