LabCE micro

A suspected nocardioform bacterial species was recovered from sputum. The isolate produced mucoid colonies with pink pigment after 4 days on SBA.Staining demonstrated diphtheroid, Gram positive rods with a few branching filaments. It also stained partially acid fast. The most likely identification is: Rhodococcus equi Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Klebsiella pneumoniae Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes

Rhodococcus equi Classified as an aerobic actinomycete and nocardioform bacteria. Colonies produce salmon-pink pigment. Growth on SBA may resemble LF Klebsiella on MAC

All of the following are common causes of infective endocarditis, EXCEPT? Streptococcus mutans Cardiobacterium hominis Staphylococcus epidermidis Corynebacterium jeikeium

Corynebacterium jeikeium Causes septicemia and skin infections

Parasites associated with human infections are classified into 6 major divisions; Protozoa is one of those divisions. Which of the following belongs to the Protozoa? Flagellates and ciliates Amoeba and roundworms Coccidia and flatworms Microsporidia and mites

Flagellates and ciliates Flagellates, ciliates, amoeba, sporozoans, coccidia, and microsporidia are in this classification

A single adult worm that contains both male and female sex organs is known as: Gravid Zoonotic Hermaphroditic A transport host

Hermaphroditic

Which one of the following organisms can be isolated from bone marrow specimens? Histoplasma capsulatum Staphylococcus aureus Aeromonas hydrophilia Aspergillus fumigatus

Histoplasma capsulatum

Of the dimorphic fungal species listed below, which has the slowest rate of growth in primary culture? Coccidioides immitis Histoplasma capsulatum Sporothrix schenckii Blastomyces dermatidis

Histoplasma capsulatum 7-15 days to grow on average but can take as long as 8 weeks

Parasites that belong to the category Sporozoa are also known as Flukes Digenea Hemoflagellates Coccidia

Coccidia

Identify the species associated with the parasitic forms found in a stool specimen. Ascaris lumbricoides Ancylostoma duodenale Schistosoma mansoni Dipylidium caninum

Ancylostoma duodenale

Which of the following would be the most appropriate temperature for long term storage of specimens for viral culture? 4 degree C -20 degree C -70 degree C Room temperature

-70 degree C

When collecting specimens for viral studies, samples should be collected within how many days of symptom onset for best sensitivity? 7-10 days 2-3 days 4-5 days 10-14 days

2-3 days

Which two intestinal protozoans lack peripheral chromatin in their cyst forms? 1. Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni 2. Iodamoeba butschlii and Endolimax nana 3. Entaboeba hystolytical and Entamoeba dispar 4. Entaboeba coli and Endolimax nana

2. Iodamoeba butschlii and Endolimax nana

Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) is used for the identification of aerobic bacterial isolated on a urine culture bench. Upon placing the target into the MALDI-TOF instrument, no peaks were found on any target spots, including the quality control. What caused this issue? 1. Quality control organism was not added to the target wells 2. Matrix solution was not added to the target wells 3. The target was not cleaned properly 4. Quality control organism has deteriorated

2. Matrix solution was not added to the target wells

The formula for oxidative/fermentative (OF) culture media, for the determination of glucose oxidizers, differs from carbohydrate fermentation media by each of the following properties except: 1. Relative decrease in protein concentration 2. Relative increase in carbohydrate concentration 3. Relative decrease in the agar concentration 4. Relative increase in the salt concentration

4. Relative increase in the salt concentration

A pleural fluid specimen is received in the laboratory for aerobic culture. The specimen measures about 0.5 mL. How should the tech process this specimen for culture? A. Use a sterile pipette and add a drop of fluid per agar plate B. Insert swab into the specimen container and inoculate all agar plates C. Add 0.5 mL of saline to the 0.5 mL of fluid, vortex, and inoculate plates D. Reject the specimen due to insufficient quantity for culture

A. Use a sterile pipette and add a drop of fluid per agar plate

The recommended temperature/time/pressure for routine steam sterilization of media is: A. 121° C for 8-10 minutes @ 10 psi B. 121° C for 12-15 minutes @ 15 psi C. 220° C for 8-10 minutes @ 10 psi D. 220° C for 12-15 minutes @ 15 psi

B. 121° C for 12-15 minutes @ 15 psi

What is the largest protozoan known to infect humans? Entamoeba coli Balantidium coli Entamoeba histolytica Naegleria fowleri

Balantidium coli

A beta-hemolytic Strpotococcus was isolated from a throat culture. It gave the following biochemical reactions: Bacitracin - Susceptible Bile esculin - Negative 6.5% NaCl - NG CAMP - Negative SXT - Resistant What is the presumptive identifiation? Beta hemolytic Streptococcus, group B Beta hemolytic Streptococcus, not group A, B or D Beta hemolytic Streptococcus, Group G Beta hemolytic Streptococcus, Group A

Beta hemolytic Streptococcus, Group A S. pyogenes is S to bacitracin and R to SXT

The production of polar germ tubes is a characteristic that is associated with which of these dematiaceous fungi? Alternaria species Phialophora verrucosa Bipolaris species Curvularia species

Bipolaris species

The best clinical specimen for the recovery of Legionella pneumophilia is: Nasopharyngeal swab Wound aspirate Stool Bronchial washings

Bronchial washings

The following statement is true regarding hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)? A. Resistance is conferred by the mecA gene for only the HA strains B. CA strains tend to demonstrate resistance to more drug classes than HA strains C. CA strains tend to be associated with the PVL gene and skin and soft tissue infections D. HA strains are typically more susceptible to non-beta-lactam antibiotics

C. CA strains tend to be associated with the PVL gene and skin and soft tissue infections

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the 2009 H1N1 virus? A. Novel 2009 H1N1 virus is an influenza B virus B. Novel 2009 H1N1 virus only infects pigs and horses C. In 2009 , the novel H1N1 virus spread during warmer months D. The Novel H1N1 virus spread in colder months

C. In 2009 , the novel H1N1 virus spread during warmer months Influenza A virus

41. Which Mycobacterium species has the shortest growing time on agar media when recovered from clinical specimens? A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis B. Mycobacterium leprae C. Mycobacterium fortuitum/chelonae D. Mycobacterium malmoense

C. Mycobacterium fortuitum/chelonae

A rapid urine screening test that can be performed to detect the presence of Staphylococcus species is which of the following tests? Niacin test Nitrate reduction test Leukocytes esterase test Catalase test

Catalase test

Which of the following media contains the X and V factors necessary for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae? Thayer-Martin Agar Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar Chocolate agar Thiosulfate citrate-bile salts agar

Chocolate agar

A 50-year-old male was rushed to the hospital after experiencing tremendous fluid loss due to severe diarrhea. History revealed that the patient was diagnosed with AIDS 6 months ago. The doctor ordered a battery of tests including a stool for parasite examination. Since the sample was properly labeled indicating that the patient was immunocompromised, the laboratory performed both the standard processing procedures and a modified acid-fast (mod AFB) stain. The mod AFB stain revealed this suspicious form seen in the image which measured 4 µm. This patient is most likely infected with: Cryptosporidium parvum Sarcocystis species Cystoisospora belli Blastocystis hominis

Cryptosporidium parvum

Strenotrophomonas maltophilia and Brukholderia cepacia share each of the following charactersistics except Decarboxylation of lysine Cytochrome oxidase activity Production of colonies with a yellow pigment Good growth on MacConkey agar

Cytochrome oxidase activity They both are positive for the others listed

What is the purpose of using alcohol-acetone or acetone in the gram stain procedure? Fixes all Gram-positive organisms Decolorizes all Gram-positive organisms Decolorizes all Gram-negative organisms Fixes all Gram-negative organisms

Decolorizes all Gram-negative organisms

Illustrated in this photograph are latex agglutination reactions of an unknown beta hemolytic streptococcus recovered from a blood culture. Of the choices in this exercise, the most likely primary infection with the bacterial species represented is: Endometritis in pregnant females Liver abscess Deep wound cellulitis Acute suppurative pharyngitis

Deep wound cellulitis

Illustrated in this photograph are colonies growing on the surface of a chocolate agar plate. The colonies were recovered from a subcutaneous infection of the forearm and had a bleach odor. The most likely identification is: Moraxella lacunata Haemophilus aphrophilus Eikenella corrodens Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Eikenella corrodens

Which of the following organisms "pits" the agar, and smells like bleach? Clostridium difficile Eikenella corrodens Proteus vulgaris Pasteurella multocida

Eikenella corrodens

The most common eye complication in patients with candidiasis is: Endophthalmitis Keratoconjunctivitis Extraocular muscle palsy Scotoma (focus of depressed vision)

Endophthalmitis

The following media contains specific nutrients that encourage the growth of a pathogen over the growth of other bacteria from a specimen. It is useful in the isolation of stool pathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella, the isolation anaerobes, and the selective isolation of group B streptococci Nutritive media Selective media Enrichment media Differential media

Enrichment media

The 20 µm in diameter cyst was seen in a trichrome stained mount of a stool specimen from a patient with low-grade, intermittent diarrhea. What is the presumptive identification? Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba coli Entamoeba hartmanni Iodamoeba butschii

Entamoeba coli

What parasite's trophozoite form ingests WBCs, measures approximately 5-15 um, and typically resides in the mouth Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba gingivalis Acanthamoeba species Trichomonas vaginalis

Entamoeba gingivalis

This trichrome-stained organism measuring 15 um was found in a stool sample. What is the identification of this parasite? Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba hartmanni Entamoeba coli Artifcact

Entamoeba histolytica

What nematode egg is characteristically flattened on one side? Enterobius vermicularis Paragonimus westermani Schistosoma japonicum Trichuris trichiura

Enterobius vermicularis

Serotypes of Salmonella are differentiated by various antigens found within the organism. All of the following antigens are used to serotype Salmonella EXCEPT? O antigen H antigen Vi antigen F1 antigen

F1 antigen

Which one of the following fungi is most likely to be seen in skin infection of burn patients? Sporothrix schenckii Aspergillus niger Fusarium sp Alternaria sp

Fusarium sp

When parasites are observed in clinical stool specimens, antigen detection is the preferred method for identification, providing increased sensitivity over more common microscopy techniques. Several commercial products (DFA, EIAs, and rapid tests) are available. The H & E - stained tissue section of duodenum illustrates the presence of an intra-luminal intestinal trophozoite in which an antigen assay might be helpful in making a definitive identification. Select the presumptive ID from the choices listed. Chilomastix mesnili Giardia duodenalis Dientamoeba fragilis Pentatrichomonas hominis

Giardia duodenalis

Which stain is used specifically to detect Histoplasma capsulatum in blood and bone marrow? Periodic acid-Schiff Fontana-Masson Calcofluor white Giemsa

Giemsa

Current CDC (2014) recommendations for initial HIV screening include FDA-approved immunoassay for detection of: HIV-1 p31 antigen HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody, HIV-1 p24 antigen HIV-1 antibody and HIV-1 gp41 antigen HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody

HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody, HIV-1 p24 antigen

Which of the following is also known as the Koch-Weeks bacillus Brucella obortus Klebsiella pneumoniae Haemophilus aegyptius Closstridium perfringens

Haemophilus aegyptius Genetically related to H.influenzae, that commonly causes conjuctivitis (pink eye)

Which of the following types of influenza tends to be more severe than the others? Influenza A Influenza B Influenza C Influenza D

Influenza A Infects both humans and animals and has major antigenic shifts resulting in ineffective vaccines

The suspicious form shown in this trichrome stained image measured 13 um and was recovered from a stool sample. There was not peripheral chromatin. What is the identification of this parasite? Iodamoeba butschlii troph Entamoeba coli troph Entamoeba histolytica troph Endolimax nana troph

Iodamoeba butschlii troph

Amoebae stained with this substance may be readily distinguished because it enhances nuclear and structural detail Saline Iodine Polyvinyl alcohol Methylene blue

Iodine Used to ID Iodamoeba butschlii cysts by being absorbed into the glycogen vacuole

Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) is the nonselective solid culture medium used for the primary recovery of Treponema pallidum Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila Spirillum minus

Legionella pneumophila Francisella tularensis also grows on BCYE

Illustrated in this high-power image is an inflammatory reaction of a skin lesion at the site of a Phlebotomus sand-fly bite. Observed are large histiocytes with small intra-cytoplasmic oval cells measuring 2 µm in diameter that superficially have the appearance of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. Note the distinctive bar-like kinetoplasts that lie adjacent to the nucleus of some of these cells (arrows). Select the name of the protozoa. Toxoplasma gondii Onchocerca volvulus Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania species

Leishmania species

Which Mycobacterium sp. causes the infectious disease tuberculosis (TB)? M. paratuberculosis M. marinum M. ulcerans M. bovis

M. bovis

Beyond direct detection, what molecular method listed below is being widely used in clinical laboratories across the United States and allows for rapid detection of a bacteria from an isolated colony? MALDI-TOF Nanotechnology Next-generation sequencing Pyrosequencing

MALDI-TOF

These photomicrographs prepared from histological sections of a duodenal biopsy obtained from a patient with AIDS who was experiencing chronic diarrhea. Tiny intra-cytoplasmic spores are observed in both the left hand PAS stained and on the right Methylene blue-stained sections. The spores are best visualized in the PAS-stained section on the left (arrow). Stool specimens had been negative for parasites or bacterial pathogens. The acid-fast is negative with a positive Weber stain (Chromotrope 2R. Fast Green, phosphotungistic acid) confirming an identification. From the list of multiple choices, select the most probable presumptive identification. Microsporidium species Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclospora cayetanensis Sarcocystis hominis

Microsporidium species

The purulent exudate and the intracellular bacteria (shown by the arrows) as illustrated in this photograph to the right was observed in a direct sputum gram stain of a 70 year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which bacterial species most likely grew out in culture? Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Acinetobacter lwoffi

Moraxella catarrhalis

Which of these methods is used to identify prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Tuberculin skin test (TST) Gram stain White blood cell count Any of the above tests can be used

Tuberculin skin test (TST)

From the list of organisms below, identify the most likely species based on this image of a gram stain from a male urethral swab Escherichia coli Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Staph aureus

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Small intracellular gram-negative cocci were observed in a centrifuged spinal fluid sediment as presented in the upper photomicrograph. A clinical diagnosis of meningitis was suspected. Yellow-gray colonies after 24-hour incubation had been observed on blood agar. Based on the carbohydrate utilization tube reactions observed in the lower photograph, what is the presumptive identification of this isolate? Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Aeromonas species Kingella kingae

Neisseria meningitidis Coffee bean shape and ferments glucose and maltose (yellow on top of pink tubes)

Dracunculus medinesis belongs to which category of parasites? Cestode Nematode Filaria Trematode

Nematode = Roundworm

Trichuris trichiura belongs to which helminth group? Filariae Trematodes Nematodes Cestodes

Nematodes

A tech is working with a small Gram-negative coccobacillus that may be Burkholderia pseudomallei. Which of the following tests could the tech use to rule out this organism? Growth on MacConkey agar Oxidase negative Indole negative Resistant to polymyxin B or colistin

Oxidase negative All others tests are true for B. pseudomallei

Multiple rings forms in red blood cells are most frequently seen in which plasmodium species infection? P. falciparum P. vivax P. malariae P. ovale

P. falciparum

This egg measuring 112 um by 55 um was recovered from a sputum sample. What is the identification of this organism? Schistosoma mansoni egg Paragonimus westermani egg Hymenolepsis nana egg Diphyllobothrium lactum egg

Paragonimus westermani egg

Which parasite migrates either to or through the lungs in their life cycle? Fasciola species Taenia solium Enamoeba histolytica Paragonimus westermanni

Paragonimus westermanni

A CSF spinal shunt specimen grew out an Enterococcus species. What parasitic species should be of concern when an Enterococcus species is isolated from the spinal fluid? Trichuris trichiura Strongyloides stercoralis Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale

Strongyloides stercoralis

The fungal colony illustrated in the upper image was observed after 4 days incubation at 30oC and recovered from dialysis fluid of a 60-year-old patient who had been receiving multiple antibiotics for treatment of bacterial peritonitis. The lower image is of a microscopic view of a lactophenol blue stained mount taken from a small sampled of the surface of the colony. Note the distinctly pointed phialides from which long chains of small, spherical conidia are derived. What is the appropriate identification based on the colony morphology and microscopic features as observed in the lactophenol stained preparation? Paecilomyces Penicillium Scopulariopsis Fusarium

Penicillium

A tech working in microbiology reported the following results throughout their workday. Which of the result would be considered an urgent alert to value that must be called to the physician? Wound culture report with Staph aureus Positive acid fast smear Urine culture with >100,000 CFU/mL of E.coli Sputum gram stain showing GPC

Positive acid fast smear This can suggest the patient may have Mycobacterium tuberculosis and urgent reporting to the physician is required

Critical values not reported or not reported in a timely manner is an example of a laboratory error made during which phase of laboratory testing? Centrifugation Analytic Postanalytic Preanalytic

Postanalytic

Select the most appropriate identification of a non-lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae based on the following test results: Indole positive TSI K/A H2S negative Citrate positive PDA positive Lysine decarboxylase negative Ornithine decarboxylase negative Urea negative Proteus mirabilis Morganella morganii Serratia marcescens Providencia stuartii

Providencia stuartii The key reactions that differentiate it as this organism are the positive reactions for indole, PDA, citrate, and the negative reaction for urea and the decarboxylase reactions.

The bacterial species, a typical colony of which is illustrated in this photograph, and a common bacterial cause of otitis externa, also known as "swimmer's ear", can be identified as: Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alcaligenes odorans Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Nitrate reduction is the process by which nitrate is reduced to nitrite. In denitrification, nitrate is COMPLETELY reduced to nitrogen gas. Which of the following species denitrifies nitrate? Yersinia entercolotica Enterobacter cloascae Citrobacter amalonaticus Pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas stutzeri

The test used for the identification of specific capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae is: Optochin Bile solubility Quellung Hippurate hydrolysis

Quellung

Illustrated in this photomicrograph of a gastric biopsy specimen are a few thin, curved and S-shaped bacteria (arrows). This picture is suspicious for Helicobacter pylori. An additional test helpful in confirming this identification is: Indoxyl acetate Rapid urease Hippurate hydrolysis Growth at 42 degree C

Rapid urease

What color would the agar be around a colony of Staphylococcus epidermidis growing on mannitol salt agar (MSA)? Yellow Red Brown Clear

Red

Common colds are most often associated with which agent? Epstein-Barr virus Rhinovirus Coxsackie B Legionella pneumophila

Rhinovirus

Illustrated in the upper image is a cercaria that is capable of penetrating the skin of a human who might be swimming in contaminated water. These cercaria in turn enter the circulation, and mature in the portal vascular system where they develop into adult flukes. Distinctively the female flukes occupy the gynecophoral canal of the male fluke, as illustrated in the lower image. From the list of trematode genera, select the genus that represents the parts of the life cycle as described. Clonorchis Fasciola Schistosoma Paragonimus

Schistosoma

This suspicious form, found in urine concentrate, measures 120 um by 50 um. What is the appropriate identification? Schistosoma japonicum Pseudoparasite Trichomonas vaginalis Schistosoma haematobium

Schistosoma haematobium

Which of the following parasites may be contracted by swimming in contaminated water? Schistosoma japonicum Taenia species Clonorchis sinesis Hymenolepsis diminuta

Schistosoma japonicum

With the widespread use of pneumococcal vaccine, there has been a decline in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia by which of the following organisms? Mycoplasma pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

This suspicious form was recovered from a stool specimen. What parasite demonstrates this typical morphology? Brugia microfilaria Pseudoparasite Taenia solium Stronglyoides rhabditiform larva

Stronglyoides rhabditiform larva Only larvae that are routinely found in stool samples

Illustrated in this image is a single proglottid representative of one of the cestode tapeworms. This proglottid is longer than wide and has well over 13 lateral uterine branches. Select the presumptive identification of this tapeworm proglottid Taenia solium Taenia saginata Diphyllobothrium latum Dipylidium caninum

Taenia saginata

Of the following cestodes, which has a scolex with a rostellum, hooklets, and 4 suckers Taenia saginata scolex Diphyllobothrium lactum scolex Hymenolepis nana scolex Taenia solium scolex

Taenia solium scolex

Which of the following arthropods would be classified as Arachnida? Ticks Fleas Lice Crabs

Ticks

The diffuse erythroderma and edema of the hand shown in the upper photograph is of a 24 year old female with fever, headache and hypotension. The blood agar plate shown in the lower photograph was inoculated with purulent material aspirated from a vertebral disk abscess. The most likely condition is: Scalded skin syndrome Exfoliative erythroderma Toxic shock syndrome Scarlet fever

Toxic shock syndrome

Direct microscopic examination of a wet preparation of vaginal discharge provides the simplest rapid diagnostic test for which of the following organisms? Trichomonas vaginalis Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Streptococcus agalactiae

Trichomonas vaginalis

Baseline testing for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended for all newly-hired healthcare workers. In which of these cases would a tuberculin skin test (TST) be repeated a second time, one to three weeks after the first test? 1. The first test is negative and the new employee has never been tested for LTBI before 2. The first test is negative and the new employee has documentation showing he/she had a negative TST 6 months ago 3. The first test is positive 4. A positive Inteferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) blood test

1. The first test is negative and the new employee has never been tested for LTBI before

The pathogenicity of staphylococcus aureus, as well as frequency with which this organism produces infections, can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT: Exfoliative toxin and enterotixins A porous cell wall Natural colonization/resevoir for infection Hyaluronidase

A porous cell wall

A 62-year-old female undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer developed fever, abdominal pain, and foul-smelling diarrhea after receiving clindamycin for 5 days. The photomicrograph is an H & E-stained section of colon biopsy revealing focal ulceration and pseudomembranous inflammation. Each of the following laboratory findings will confirm the presumptive diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis EXCEPT: A. Recovery of C. difficile in the stool B. Detection of cytotoxin B of C. difficile C. Positive latex agglutination of glutamate dehydrogenase of C. difficile D. Positive EIA for C. difficile enterotoxin

A. Recovery of C. difficile in the stool

The parasitic form shown in the illustration may be found in the eye, as a cause of keratitis. It measures approximately 25 µm in diameter. What is the identity of this parasite? Loa loa Naegleria fowleri Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Acanthamoeba species

Acanthamoeba species

Identify the suspicious form (shown in the image) found in a stool specimen, measuring 50 µm. Taenia species egg Hookworm egg Ascaris lumbricoides egg Fasciola hepatica egg

Ascaris lumbricoides egg

A tech is working with a large, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacillus that they believe is Bacillus spp. Which of the following tests could the tech use to ensure this organism is not Bacillus anthracis? Motility positive Susceptibility to Penicillin Non-hemolytic on blood agar NG on phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA)

Motility positive

Illustrated in the top photograph is a 3 day old colony incubated at 30o C, with a border to border white hair-like mycelium with peripheral borders of brown and brown-black pigmentation. Although consistent with one of the Zygomycetes, a genus/species identification cannot be made. Observed in the high power photomicrograph is a lactophenol blue stained mount of a fruiting head in which a non-septate hypha terminates in a bulbous columella (arrow) that extends into a spherical sporangiophore. Rhizoids were not observed. From these observations, select from the multiple choices the name of this isolate. Circinella species Rhizopus species Syncephalastrum species Mucor species

Mucor species

Illustrated in the upper left image in the composite photograph are 5-day old gray-white colonies growing on 7H10 agar. The acid-fast stain shown at the lower left reveals short, thick, acid-fast bacilli with filamentous forms. The micro-colony as microscopically observed on Lowenstein Jensen medium as illustrated in the photomicrograph at the upper right. A positive iron assimilation test is shown in the lower right image by the appearance of black pigment on a colony growing on a Lowenstein Jensen slant following an additional 2 days incubation where drops of ferric ammonium citrate had been added to the growing colony. With these observations, select from the multiple choices the identification of the Mycobacterium species presented in this exercise. Mycobacterium chelonae Mycobacterium fortuitum Mycobacterium gordonae Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Which of the following organisms is a cause of cutaneous infections? Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia farcinica Gordonia bronchialis

Nocardia brasiliensis Most frequent cause of nocardiosis - seen on hands and feet Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and farcinica both cause pulmonary infections

Hippurate hydrolysis is an important characteristic in the definitive laboratory identification of the beta-hemolytic streptococci. The positive ninhydrin reaction, seen in the left tube in the photograph, is produced by: S. agalactiae S. pyogenes S. pneumoniae S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimillis

S. agalactiae

Complete hemolysis of sheep blood agar as demonstrated by the image below would be seen in which of the following catalase-negative isolates? S. pneumoniae S. pyogenes S. aureus Enterococcus faecium

S. pyogenes

Which dimorphic fungi may produce black, yeast like colonies after prolonged incubation at 37C? B. dermatitidis P. brasiliensis S. schenckii H. capsulatum

S. schenckii

Illustrated in the high power photomicrograph is a large 140 µm ovum as it would appear in a stool specimen preparation. The adult flukes reside in the portal veins of the large intestine where ova are discharged into the lumen and into the feces. Low grade diarrhea may be experienced. From the multiple choices select the species of fluke related to this ovum. Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni Fasciola hepatica Schistosoma japonicum

Schistosoma mansoni

Illustrated in this high power view of an H & E-stained tissue section is a granuloma involving the wall of the large intestine. What is the identification of this parasitic egg? Schistosoma japonicum Clonorchis sinesis Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium

Schistosoma mansoni

Which of the following organisms is considered a Helminth? Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Leishmania braziliensis Entamoeba histolytica Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma mansoni

Which one of the following parasites migrates through the circulation (blood) before maturing in the portal venous system? Schistosoma mansoni Enterobius vermicularis Taenia saginata Trichuris trichiura

Schistosoma mansoni

Which one of the parasites listed has the MOST complex life cycle? Naegleria fowleri Schistosoma mansoni Hookworm Iodamoeba butschlii

Schistosoma mansoni

Illustrated in the top photograph is the picture of a yellow to buff colored colony, suede-like in consistency, recovered from a hairless inflammatory lesion of the skin of the scalp of a young male athlete. The more definitive identification can be made from observation of the lactophenol blue mount illustrated in the bottom photomicrograph, prepared from a small sample of the colony surface mycelium. Based on these observations, select from the multiple choices the presumptive identification. Trichophyton mentagrophytes Microsporum gypseum Epidermophyton floccosum Trichophyton tonsurans

Trichophyton tonsurans

The motile, feeding stage of the amoebae and flagellates is called: Cysts Trophozoites Eggs Larvae

Trophozoites