labe 1

role is to receive ___________________________________ and produce the sensation of ______________________________.

- sensory info - touch

1. Responsible for conscious thought, the largest structure of the brain is the __________________________. It has right and left __________________________. The __________________________ is responsible for balance and fine-tuning movement.

cerebrum hemishperes cerebullum

Select any part of the cerebrum, and then use the arrow in the content box to choose Forebrain from the selected structures list. Use the book icon to read its definition, and then list its structures below

The cerebrum and the diencephalon, which includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

a. What are the two parts of the stalk?

The infundibulum and pars tuberalis

1. Select the medulla oblongata, and then use the arrow in the content box to choose Hindbrain from the selected structures list. Use the book icon to read its definition, and then list its structures below.

The medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum

1. Select the pons and use the book icon to read its definition. Which structures make up the brainstem?

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

a. Which lobe is located posterior to this sulcus?

The occipital lobe

a. What is the name of the posterior portion of this structure?

The posterior pituitary lobe, or neurohypophysis

a. What is the role of association areas?

They coordinate and integrate sensory and motor functions.

i. Each temporal lobe contains an _auditory cortex_ that receives input from the _______________________________ nerve and association areas that integrate _____________________________________________________________.

cochlear i. auditory, olfactory, and complex pattern perception_____.

Select the connecting structure, which is called the _______________________________. It is a white commissure, meaning that it is made up of _______________________________ connecting the two hemispheres.

corupus callosum myelinated fibers

The thalamus is one of the three regions of the

diencephalon______.

Select the outer protective layer around the brain. What is it called?

dura matter

The occipital lobes receive input from the _______________________________ and process _______________________________.

eyes visual info

1. Different parts of the brain communicate via tracts of __________________________.

fibers axons

a. On each side of the cerebellum, between the lobes and the pons is the ________________________.

flocculus

a. Which lobes are mainly responsible for the transmission of motor signals?

frontal lobes

a. Select any of the folds. What are these folds called?

gyri Gyrus

a. What are the large, purple, segmented structures at the bottom of the view?

hippocampi

1. he brain has several fluid-filled cavities called ventricles. Which ventricle is visible as a dark blue transparent structure in the right portion of the brain?

later ventricle right

Separating the superior surface of each temporal lobe from the frontal and anterior parietal lobes is the _______________________________ sulcus,

lateral

a. Which sulcus defines the lateral border of the parietal lobe?

lateral suclus

a. Which hemisphere is normally responsible for most language and calculation?

left

1. Select one of the large, paired lobes at the top of the view. These are the __________________________ lobes, which are also called __________________________.

limbic cingulate gryi

1. Which brain system is responsible for processing emotions?

limbic system

a. What space separates the right and left hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

1. What is the most inferior part of the brain, which extends from its base toward the spinal column?

medulla oblongata

i. The gyrus of the parietal lobe that is adjacent to each central sulcus is the __________________________________, also known as the ______________________________.

postcental gyrus -primary somatosensory cortex -sensory info - touch

Anterior to each central sulcus is the ______________________________ gyrus of the frontal lobe. This gyrus is also called the _______________________________ because it is responsible for ______________________________________________________.

precenral primary motor cortex voultary movement of skeletal muscles

a. The most posterior motor area gyrus is the _______________________________ gyrus.

precental

a. Which gyri are located on either side of this sulcus?

precentral and post central gyrus

a. Its main role is to act as a __________________________ between the cerebrum and the rest of the nervous system.

relay station

a. Which hemisphere is normally responsible for most visual, emotional, and artistic awareness?

right

Find the falx cerebri, which separates the brain into ________________ and _______________ hemispheres.

right and left

i. The parietal lobes integrate _______________________________ and play a role in _______________________________.

sensory information i. spatial perception, perception of temperature, pain, motion, or others____.

1. Blood leaves the brain through a series of __________________________ and ultimately exits the skull via the __________________________.

sinuses juglar arteries

1. Do all the cranial nerves remain in the skull or do some travel out of the skull?

some

1. The brainstem connects the __________________________ to the __________________________. It is responsible for the most primitive and basic brain functions.

spinal cord forebrain

a. You will see two lumps protruding from the midbrain, which are the __________________________ and the __________________________.

super colliculus inferior colliculus

a. Which lobe is located below this sulcus?

temporal lobe

a. Which lobes are mainly responsible for processing auditory signals?

temporal lobes

1. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in large chambers called __________________________.

ventricles

a. The two posterior lobes are separated by the __________________________.

vermis

a. The interior of the cerebellum is made up of a central stem of __________________________ with a central gray mass called the __________________________.

white matter dentate nucleus

a. Zoom in and select any of the grooves between the folds. What are they called?

Sulci (sing. sulcus)

a. What is the name of the anterior portion of this structure?

The anterior pituitary lobe, or adenohypophysis

a. What are the main functions of the thalamus?

Mediating sensation and aiding in memory and learning

1. How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? (Hint: Use the book icon to read a description of the cranial nerves.)

12

1. What is the name of the fluid found in the ventricles? (Hint: Select any ventricle and use the book icon to read its description.)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

a. Cerebellum

It fine-tunes body movements and manages balance and posture.

a. What is the function of the corpus callosum?

It is a commissure that connects the gray matter of the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between the two sides of the brain and enabling integrated function.

a. What is the function of the hypothalamus?

It maintains homeostasis and is the main visceral control center of the brain.

a. What are the main roles of the limbic system?

It manages emotions and contributes to the processing of memory and smell.

a. Cerebrum

It regulates conscious thought, decision-making, speech, sensory perception, and memory.

midbrain

It regulates vision, hearing, motor control, alertness, and thermoregulation.

medulla oblongata

It relays messages between the brain and the spinal cord; controls involuntary functions of the respiratory, digestive, and pulmonary systems; and contributes to sensory functions.

a. What is the corpus callosum composed of?

Myelinated fibers (axons), or white matter

a. Where is the limbic system found?

On the inner border of the cerebrum (between the hemispheres), above the diencephalon

a. Which sulcus defines the posterior border of the parietal lobe?

Pareto occipital sulu

which separates the cerebrum from the _______________________________________, the second largest structure of the brain.

_____cerebellum (or cerebellar lobes)____,

i. Each parietal lobe extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to the _______________________________ sulcus posteriorly, which separates the parietal lobe from the _______________________________ lobe.

_____parieto-occipital_____ occipital

pons

acts as a relay center between the higher brain centers and the spinal cord and contains nuclei responsible for breathing rhythms.

i. The speech center, also known as _____________________________ is in one of the frontal lobes, depending on which side of the brain is dominant.

brocas area

1. The nervous system is anatomically separated into two parts. The structures inside the cranium and spinal column make up the __________________________ nervous system. Inside the cranium is the __________________________ and inside the spinal column is the __________________________.

central brain spinal cord

a. The fourth ventricle is continuous with the __________________________, which carries cerebrospinal fluiddown into the hindbrain and the spinal cord.

central canal

i. Each frontal lobe extends from the anterior of the cerebrum to the _______________________, which separates it from the parietal lobe.

central sulcus

a. Which sulcus defines the posterior boundary of the frontal lobe?

central sulus

a. Between the posterior lobes and the medulla oblongata are the paired _________________________

cerebellar tonsils

a. The third ventricle connects with the fourth ventricle via the __________________________.

cerebral aqueduct

a. In front of the posterior lobes are two __________________________.

anterior lobes

a. The branching tree-like network is called the __________________________.

arbor vitae

1. The brain is supplied with collateral circulation via several vessels that arise from three branches of the __________________________. One important anastomosis, located at the base of the brain, is the __________________________.

arota circle of willis

1. Which two structures are shared by the brainstem and the hindbrain?

pons and medulla oblongata

The most anterior sensory area gyrus is the_______________________________ gyrus

postcental

a. Which lobes are mainly responsible for processing visual signals?

occipital

a. Which lobes are mainly responsible for processing the sensations of touch and taste?

parietal lobes

1. The structures outside the cranium and spinal column make up the __________________________ nervous system, which is primarily composed of __________________________.

peripheral nervess

i. The definition mentions two "higher functions" of the frontal lobe, which are ______________________________________.

planningning and long term memory