Large Animal 2 Final

Great care must be taken when dehorning a goat with a hot element due to superficial brain tissue. (T/F)

True

Radiographic images of the equine patient are labeled in the direction of the primary beam. (T/F)

True

When a standing surgery is complete, it is fine to return a hrose to their stall without removing feed, as long as they can stand without assistance. (T/F)

False

Sheep store excess copper in their kidneys. (T/F)

False (liver)

Which of the following is most accurate when using the castration instrument used for horses?

It should clamp before cutting

What vaccine is usually boostered when a horse is castrated?

Tetanus

What species is most likely to stay together in a group when frightened?

Sheep

When observing for lameness in a horse, a technician should do which of the following?

Watch the head and listen to the sound of the hoof hitting hard ground while the horse is in motion.

Thermography is a 100% reliable form of diagnostic imaging. ( T/F)

False

If ketamine is being used in a castration procedure, how long after the initial sedation is it given?

3-5 minutes

Sheep/Goats usually drink how many gallons of water each day?

1-1.5 gallons

The technician is responsible for getting the horse to trot within how many strides?

1-2

If possible, feed should be withheld for ______ hours in horses undergoing general anesthesia

12

How many inches of table padding is needed if a horse is in dorsal recumbency?

10 inches

How long does it take for a temporary nerve block to take effect?

15 minutes

The castration instrument should be left in place for at least _____ minutes.

2

You are performing a lameness exam on a horse and you notice that when the horse trots in a straight line it seems sound, but when it's ridden or worked in circles, it seems off. What grade lameness would this be considered and what is the next step in the evaluation?

2, Flexion tests

What is the average sized endotracheal tube used in the equine patient?

26mm

What is the normal heart rate of an adult horse under general anesthesia?

30-50 bpm

What is the average gestation of small ruminants?

5 months

What is the minimum acceptable MAP of a horse durging surgery

60 mm Hg

How many inches of table padding is needed when a horse is in lateral recumbency?

7 inches

How much time should the presurgical scrub of the equine patient take?

7 minutea

Sheep have a total of ____ lanolin glands.

8

At what body temperature would an equine patient be considered hypothermic under general anesthesia?

96

In general, goats are timid and do not enjoy to be petted. (T/F)

False

A Caslick procedure prevents what complication in a mare?

Air from entering the vagina

What is the purpose of a Prepurchase Exam of the horse?

All

Which of the following describles a horse with good sedation and premedication?

All of these

A blurrogram is most commonly produced by which of the following?

All of these things

It is best to perform a lameness exam of a horse on a soft surface since their foot or leg already hurts. (T/F)

False

What drug class is not regularly used during induction of the equine patient?

Anticholinergics

Which drug is not commonly used in horses because it causes gastrointestinal ileus?

Atropine

Lambs are susceptible to overeating disease, which is caused by an overgrowth of Clostridium tetani. (T/F)

False

Large animal anesthesia machines require "preloading" because the patients are usually very light after induction of anesthesia. (T/F)

False

When a horse is in lateral recumbency, which leg should be pulled cranial to allow for better circulation and eliminate the risk of radial nerve paralysis?

Bottom front leg

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

A horse blocked sound after a Low Four Point Nerve Block. Where is this horses lameness?

Below the distal aspect of the metacarpus

Goats must be allowed to eat:

Browse and Forbs

Who do the results of the prepurchase exam belong to?

Buyer

Which of the following diagnostic imaging techniques can be most useful for hard tissue lesions and has superior image quality?

CT Scan

Which of the following imaging techniques require general anesthesia? Choose all that apply.

CT Scan and MRI

What drug is most commonly used for a temporary nerve block in a horse?

Carbocaine

Which type of surgery is an example of a standing surgery?

Caslick surgery

Opiods are most commonly used for epidurals in the equine patient. (T/F)

False

A client brought in a 10 year old Clydesdale for colic surgery. You are in charge of recovery and noticed the horse had trouble getting up and has very hard muscles. Once standing, the horse urinated and it was very dark. What complication do you expect?

Compartment Syndrome

Caseous Lymphadenitis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Q fever

Coxiella burnetti

At what time are the musk glands in the male goat destroyed?

Dehorning

The vet would like to perform a Low Palmar Nerve Block on a horse. Which site should be prepped?

Distal aspect of the splint bones

What is the proper term for the instrument that is used to perform a castration in horses?

Emasculator

Which diagnostic imaging device is most often used to evaluate areas such as the guttural pouch?

Endoscope

How often is a horse "sighed" when under general anesthesia?

Every 1-2 minutes

Which joint is included in a distal limb flexion?

Fetlock

What are the contributing factos for foot rot in small ruminants? There may be more than 1 answer.

Fusobacterium, Dichelobacter, Over grown hooves

Which species is more independent and curious?

Goats

Which of the following does not indicate pain post-surgery in the equine patient?

Heart rate of 30

Which chemical restraining agent is not commonly used for a standing procedure?

Guaifenesin

A __________ nerve block would be a good place to start if a horse has at least grade ___ lameness.

Heel block, 2-3

What is the most common complication after an equine castration?

Hemorrhage

What restraint would the technician need to perform when assisting with nerve blocks? Pick all that may apply.

Hold up a leg, Nose Twitch, Halter and lead rope

Which term describes white areas on ultrasound, usually associated with solid tissues?

Hyperechoic

Which is a major postoperative concern for the horse?

Ileus due to anesthesia

Myositis in a horse after surgery is a result of?

Improper padding

During procedures that take longer than a hour, what is the best way to maintain the equine patient?

Inhalants

Newborn goat of either sex

Kid

Which option is a disadvantage of standing surgery?

Lack of sterility

Partition in sheep/goats

Lambing/kidding

Which castration position is commonly performed in the field to allow superior visualization of the surgical site and surgeon comfort?

Lateral recumbency

What drug is commonly used for epidural analgesia?

Lidocaine

Which imaging techniques use magnets to enable use to view soft tissue lesions, inflammation of the bone, and evaluate the head/spine of neonates?

MRI

Pinkeye

Moraxella bovis

For what reason is Guaifenisen used for induction of the equine patient?

Muscle relaxation

Johne's Disease

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

Which form of tracheal intubation is used most commonly in the neonatal equine patient?

Nasotracheal intubation

What procedure is performed after anesthetic induction of the equine patient?

None of these

Which of the following diagnostic imaging techniques uses a radioactive isotope and bone seeker to bind to areas of active bone formation?

Nuclear Scintigraphy

Which method of induction in horses requires a team of at least 3 people to assist in laying the horse down?

Padded stall

Which anatomical structure is not routinely examined with portable x-ray machines?

Pelvis

Mature, intact male sheep

Ram

Which of the following surgeries is not a general anesthesia surgery?

Repair of laceration

When performing Nuclear Scintigraphy, the radiopharmaceutical will be in which phase 2-20 minutes after injection?

Soft tissue

Which imaging technique uses a special camera that picks up infared radiation given off by the patient?

Thermography

Which of the following is a normal, two beat gait of the horse that is used to evaluate lameness?

Trot

Lack of what in sheep and goats may lead to nutritional muscular dystrophy?

Two of these

Standing surgery should be used whenever possible. Especially in which types of patients?

Two of these

Which surgery requires general anesthesia?

Two of these

Which ancillary procedure would be the MOST important part of a prepurchase exam in a broodmare?

Ultrasound

Which of the following is true of portable x-ray machines?

Unable to penetrate thick areas of the horse due to limited KVP

Castrated male sheep/goat

Wether

Which of the following causes poor nutrition and rejection of lambs?

Wool blindness

Which of the following drugs is commonly used during standing surgery?

Xylazine

adult female goat

doe

adult female sheep

ewe

Which form of tracheal intubation is used most commonly in the adult equine patient?

orotracheal intubation

When would an epidural most commonly be performed?

rectovaginal tear

For a proximal limb flexion test, which anatomical area is being flexed?

stifle

What is very important when positioning a horse in dorsal recumbency for surgery?

sufficient padding for shoulders and gluteal muscles

When inducing anesthesia in a foal, the mare and foal are separated because the mare becomes frantic. (T/F)

False

Younger horses require higher doses of radiopharmaceutical because of their faster rate of bone remodeling. (T/F)

False