Large Animal VTNE: Animal Care

What procedure is not a distraction technique? a. taping the legs together b. firm petting c. twitching d. blowing on the face

a. taping the legs together

A nursery pig is presented for necropsy. The history states that it was healthy yesterday afternoon and was found dead this morning. Necropsy reveals "mulberry heart dz." What dietary deficiency is the most likely cause of this pig's sudden demise? a. vitamin E b. vitamin C c. vitamin K d. vitamin B12

a. vitamin E

What can a producer do to provide an acceptable environment for a lactating sow and her offspring? a. keep the sow comfortable, and let the piglets huddle against her for warmth b. heat the entire farrowing area to a comfortable level for the piglets, and let the sow cool herself through perspiration c. keep the overall area comfortable for the sow, and provide zones of supplemental heat for the piglets d. set the room temp. at a level halfway between the two extremes

c. keep the overall area comfortable for the sow, and provide zones of supplemental heat for the piglets

Feeders in finishing hogs pens should have a. one feeder space per pig b. wide opening so that two pigs can eat per hole c. one feeder space per 6-10 pigs d. shallow feeder spaces

c. one feeder space per 6-10 pigs

When young livestock are exposed to poor ventilation or cold stress, what outbreaks often occur? a. pinkeye b. dermatophilosis c. pneumonia d. polioencephalomalacia

c. pneumonia

When disrupted by attempts at physical restraint, a horse's initial response is usually to a. kick b. bite c. run d. rear

c. run

A horse with cardiac dz may not require a major dietary change. The only change may be to restrict intake of a. hay b. grain c. salt d. water

c. salt

Prolonged undernutrition in adult horses adversely affects all of the following except a. wound healing b. immune system c. skeletal structures d. GI tract

c. skeletal structures

The apparatus usually used to restrain beef cattle is the a. halter b. stock c. squeeze chute d. nose ring

c. squeeze chute

Puncture wounds in horses and other species pose a particular risk for the development of a. rabies b. colibacillosis c. tetanus d. strangles

c. tetanus

A roll-bar in a farrowing crate keeps the sow from contacting the pen wall as she lies down; the function of the roll-bar is to prevent a. injuring the teats b. upsetting the food c. crushing the young d. breaking the pen wall

c. crushing the young

Of the cattle listed, which is most likely to be docile? a. dairy bull b. beef bull c. dairy cow d. beef cow

c. dairy cow

What is the best time of day to restrain sheep in the summer? a. mid-afternoon b. afternoon c. early morning d. mid-moring

c. early morning

What is the best method to encourage a goat to stand still? a. lift up the head and chin b. cover an eye c. hold up a front leg d. tie to a fence

c. hold up a front leg

Excessive carbon monoxide levels in a swine barn are usually associated with a. too many animals in a building or room b. overheating of the animals in a building or room c. incomplete combustion of fuel in a heater d. excessive waste buildup in the pits

c. incomplete combustion of fuel in a heater

Why do piglets need an iron supplement? a. the calcium obtained from nursing binds the mineral and makes it useless b. they are born without any and must have it to survive c. they are born with low levels in their tissue and do not have an adequate dietary source while nursing d. it is depleted during digestion

c. they are born with low levels in their tissue and do not have an adequate dietary source while nursing

The apparatus ideal for restraining a bull to facilitate hoof trimming is the a. stock b. squeeze chute c. tilt table d. alley way

c. tilt table

Lack of what nutrients can cause retarded growth and rickets in goat kids? a. vitamin B and magnesium b. vitamins E and C c. vitamin C and calcium d. vitamins A and B

c. vitamin C and calcium

Overfeeding of the nutrient class __ to ruminants or horses predisposes them to laminitis or founder a. vitamins b. minerals c. energy d. protein

c.energy

What is a newborn piglet's lower critical temperature? a. 70-75*F b. 65-70*F c. 110-115*F d. 90-95*F

d. 90-95*F

In goats, night blindness, poor appetite, weight loss, unthrifty appearance with a poor hair coat, and a thick nasal discharge have resulted from a lack of vitamin a. B b. K c. D d. A

d. A

The environmental temp. should be monitored routinely in a farrowing unit. Where should thermometers be placed? a. at the herdsman's eye level b. at the herdsman's waist c. near the entrance to the room d. near the floor at the pigs' level

d. near the floor at the pigs' level

What piece of restraint equipment usually remains permanently attached to bulls used for breeding? a. halter b. nose lead c. bull staff d. nose ring

d. nose ring

Antibacterial drugs are routinely added to hog feed to increase performance and feed efficiency. What group of animals benefits the most from this practice? a. breeding boars b. breeding sows c. finishing hogs d. nursery and grower pigs

d. nursery and grower pigs

What clinical condition is associated with acute overconsumption of a high-fat meal in dogs buts is rarely seen in horses? a. diarrhea b. ascites c. anemia d. pancreatitis

d. pancreatitis

Goose-stepping in swine (excessive lifting of the rear legs during walking) is most likely to be caused by a deficiency of a. copper b. vitamin D c. zinc d. pantothenic acid

d. pantothenic acid

What foal type has the greatest nutritional requirement? a. healthy, active foal b. foal with umbilical infection c. newborn foal d. premature foal with septicemia

d. premature foal with septicemia

The neonatal calf is a preruminant. What factor most influences rumen development? a. the sex of the calf b. the season c. the breed of the calf d. the calf's diet

d. the calf's diet

Great care must be taken when dehorning a goat with a hot electric dehorner because a. the hair may catch fire b. the smell of burning skin scares goats c. it is difficult to control dehorning pain in goats d. the heat may damage their brains

d. the heat may damage their brains

What does it mean when piglets lie in a pile, with some on top of others? a. they all are well fed b. they are well socialized c. they are hungry d. they are cold

d. they are cold

Which statements concerning feedings of llamas is most accurate? a. they must be fed once daily b. they must be fed twice daily c. they must be fed free choice d. they should be fed on a regular schedule

d. they should be fed on a regular schedule

Lack of what vitamin in goats can cause nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle dz)? a. E b. B c. D d. A

A. E

What nutrient is not required for normal horn and hoof formation? a. lipids b. vitamin K c. amino acids d. protein

b. vitamin k

On the average, an adult horse consumes approx. how many gallons of water? a. 10 to 15 b. 5 to 7 c .25 d. 1

a. 10 to 15

What breed is usually worked in stanchions or headlocks? a. Holstein cow b. Simmental bull c. Angus heifer d. Jersey bull

a. Holstein cow

What common vice might become apparent if pigs are crowded into a pen with insufficient space for the number of animals? a. tali biting b. hyperactivity c. self-mutilation d. bar biting

a. tail biting

When a calf suckles and ingests warm milk, the reticular groove is stimulated to close so that the milk and saliva pass directly into the a. abomasum b. rumen c. reticulum d. duodenum

a. abomasum

A nonslip know or hitch that is safe to place around an animal's neck is the a. bowline b. halter tie c. clove hitch d. sheet bend

a. bowline

The knot or hitch that can be used for breeding hobbles is a. bowline on a bight b. clove hitch c. halter tie d. reefer

a. bowline on a bight

Sudden ration changes would not cause a. cachexia b. laminitis c. diarrhea d. colic

a. cachexia

Llamas, like true ruminants, an break down what feed constituent into short-chained fatty acids with assistance of bacteria and protozoa? a. cellulose b. water c. calcium d. phosphorus

a. cellulose

The knot or hitch used to secure a lead rope to a vertical bar without slippage is the a. clove hitch b. halter tie c. half hitch d. bowline

a. clove hitch

Swine must have access to drinking water at all time. If deprived of water for an extended period, they may a. develop sodium chloride toxicity b. become hyperactive c. begin to bite the tail of other pigs in the same pen d. develop potassium deficiency

a. develop sodium chloride toxcity

What ingredient can be added to the diet of hogs to provide increased energy and reduce dust in the feed? a. fat b. water c. soybean meal d. silage

a. fat

What would provide the best info on the mineral status of a horse? a. feed analysis b. muscle analysis c. blood and urine analysis d. hair analysis

a. feed analysis

Which of these is not a strategy for managing heat stress in dairy cattle? a. feeding early in the day b. placing fans over housing areas c. sprinkling or misting cows with water d. cooling the holding pen near the milking parlor

a. feeding early in the day

Finely ground hog feed (particle size 600 to 800 microns) can increase the incidence of a. gastric ulcers b. repro problems c. resp. infections d. lameness

a. gastric ulcers

Chutes used for moving swine should be constructed so that the side a. have no openings b. have vertical bars c. have horizontal bars d. are wider at the bottom than at the top

a. have no openings

Which of the following animals can easily become hyperthermic if chased? a. hogs and sheep b. goats and sheep c. goats and hogs d. cattle and goats

a. hogs and sheep

Urea toxicity in small ruminants typically occurs with in one hour after ingestion. What is not a sign of urea toxicity? a. low PCV b. frequent urination and defecation c. incoordination d. muscle and chin tremors

a. low PCV

Cow's milk should not be given to puppies or kittens as a milk replacer because of its a. low protein and fat levels b. high fat and protein levels c. low fat and higher protein levels d. high fat and lower protein levels

a. low protein and fat levels

Horse prone to esophageal obstruction should not be fed a. pellets b. grain c. hay d. salt

a. pellets

A predominant deficiency of what nutrient causes angular limb deformities, given current N. American feeding practices if llamas? a. phosphorus b. calcium c. vitamin A d. vitamin D

a. phosphorus

When applying a chain twitch to a horse, you should a. place it on the upper lip and tighten with intermittent pressure b. place it on the upper lip and tighten as much as possible c. place it on the ear and tighten with intermittent pressure d. place it on the lower lip and tighten as much as possible

a. place it on the upper lip and tighten with intermittent pressure

The most common health problem encountered in cattle that have been recently shipped is a. pneumonia b. diarrhea c. lameness d. pinkeye

a. pneumonia

What animals have the strongest instinct to remain in a group when threatened? a. sheep b. goats c. pigs d. chickens

a. sheep

The apparatus used to restrain adult pigs is the a. snare b. squeeze chute c. v-trough d. hobbles

a. snare

The apparatus used to restrain horses is the a. stock b. squeeze chute c. stanchion d. tilt table

a. stock

When the newborn lamb receives no nutrition at all in cold environmental conditions, fat reserves last about a. 4 hours only b. 1-2 days only c. 5 days only d 1 week only

b. 1-2 days only

The number of nipple watering devices in group pens varies according to the size and number of animals involved. A pen of 20 pigs should have a minimum of a. 1 nipple per pen b. 2 nipples per pen c. 3 nipples per pen d. 4 nipples per pen

b. 2 nipples per pen

A llamas stomach is functionally similar to, but anatomically different from, a true ruminant stomach. How many compartments does a llama stomach have? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

b. 3

What ratio is compromised by feeding a diet high in bran to horses? a. Na/Cl b. Ca/P c. vitamins A/D d. Mg/CO2

b. Ca/P

Fences and dividers between groups of pigs should be constructed so that a. the slats are positioned horizontally b. the slats are positioned vertically c. the top of the fence is no higher than the largest pig's back d. the bottom of the fence is atleast 8 inches above the floor of the pen

b. the slats are positioned vertically

Sows often develop constipation during the late gestation and early lactation. What should the producer do to minimize this problem and keep them in optimal health? a. increase the daily ration b. add fiber to the ration c. confine the animals to prevent exercise d. decrease the daily ration

b. add fiber to the ration

Scent glands in the male goat are located a. around the tail base b. around the horn base c. in the groin area d. in the axial area

b. around the horn base

Ducks and geese that eat moldy feed frequently succumb to a. dermatophytosis b. aspergillosis c. pediculosis d. actinobacillosis

b. aspergillosis

Failure to decrease the grain intake for a horse that transitions from training/ work to an idle status may cause a. polydipsia b. azoturia c. anorexia d. pyrexia

b. azoturia

Which of the following in not recommended for a weal foal? a. bucket feeding b. bottle feeding c. NG intubation d. IV nutrition

b. bottle feeding

Cattle add large quantities of saliva to their feed during chewing and also regurg during rumination. The most important effect of this is to a. add more moisture to forage materials b. buffer the acids produced in the rumen c. aid chewing and swallowing d. keep the tongue moist

b. buffer the acids produced in the rumen

Alfalfa is a palatable source of protein for herbivores. In what macromineral is alfalfa also abundant? a. cobalt b. calcium c. zinc d. iron

b. calcium

Horses are generally fed grain to meet what need? a. appetite b. energy c. digestion d. vitamin

b. energy

Frequently, the most challenging aspect of housing goats is a. building materials b. fencing c. heating d. size considerations

b. fencing

What is a freemartin? a. beef breed b. heifer calf born twinned to a bull c. a calf with extra teats d. a premature calf with birth defects

b. heifer calf born twinned to a bull

In prolonged attempts to capture a sheep or pig in a paddock or pen, it is extremely easy to cause a. an abortion b. hyperthermia c. a limb fracture d. death from shock

b. hyperthermia

Newborn piglets raised in confinement must be supplemented with a. zinc b. iron c. copper d. manganese

b. iron

The height of a nipple watering device must be adjusted according to the size of the pigs in the pen. It should be set at a level that is a. even with the elbow of the pigs b. just above the shoulder of the pig c. halfway between the shoulder and the elbow of the pigs d. comfortably reachable when the pigs are lying down

b. just above the shoulder of the pig

When restraining a foal for treatment or diagnostic procedures, you should a. lead the mare out of sight of the foal b. keep the mare nearby, within sight of the foal c. leave the mare with the foal but heavily sedate the mare d. pick up the foal off the ground so it can't run away

b. keep the mare nearby, within sight of the foal

Soybean meal is often a basic component of swine diets. What does this ingredient provide? a. fat b. protein c. minerals d. vitamins

b. protein

Ruminants that consume excessive concentrates may be predisposed to a. ketosis b. rumen acidosis c. rumen alkalosis d. parturient paresis

b. rumen acidosis

The knot or hitch used to tie together two ropes of different sizes is a a. bowline b. sheet bend c. halter tie d. clove hitch

b. sheet bend

As you walk through the nursery section of a swine production unit, you notice that many of the pigs have rectal prolapses. What does the observation tell you about their behavior? a, the pigs are not active enough b. the pigs are piling up c. the pigs are eating too much d. the pigs are well socialized

b. the pigs are piling up

During pregnancy, goats require extra dietary energy during the last a. 4 months b. 3 months c. 2 months d. 1 week

c. 2 months

What restraint equipment is most useful when moving pigs from one place to another? a. a bucket b. small fences c. a potable barrier d. a dog

c. a portable barrier

To avoid abomasal bloat in calves, milk replacer must a. be low protein b. be fed at body temp c. be well mixed d. contain antibiotics

c. be well mixed

When feeding horses, it is recommended to measure feed a. by volume, not weight b. as per-day ration c. by weight, not volume d. according to supplementation

c. by weight, not volume

What nutrient represents the greatest fraction of dairy cattle diets after weaning and is essential to optimizing milk production? a. minerals b. vitamins c. carbs d. protein

c. carbs

Horses and rabbits are a. ruminants b. omnivores c. cecum fermenters d. carnivores

c. cecum fermenters

Which is a dairy breed? a. Simmental b. Charolais c. Hereford d. Guernsey

d. Guernsey

Which of the following compromises the major gaseous energy loss as a result of fermentation in the rumen? a. oxygen b. ethane c. carbon dioxide d. methane

d. methane

When "tail jacking" a cow, grasp the tail a. by the end and pull it to one side as far as possible b. at the base and elevate it dorsally and to the right c. by the end and elevate it dorsally and to the left d. at the base and elevate it dorsally and directly in the midline

d. at the base and elevate it dorsally and directly in the midline

Where is the dunging area most likely to be located in a pen that has adequate space for hogs? a. near the front b. all over c. in the center d. at the rear

d. at the rear

Horses with active laminitis should be fed a. grain only b. alfalfa hay and grain c. alfalfa hay only d. average quality hay and no grain

d. average quality hay and no grain

It is acceptable and humane to lift a newborn pig by the a. tail b. ear c. front leg d. back leg

d. back leg

If you are visiting all of the housing areas on a farm, in what order should you view or examine the animals? a. cows, weaned heifers or steers, calves b. weaned heifers or steers, calves, cows c. calves, cows, weaned heifers or steers d. calves, weaned heifers or steers, cows

d. calves , weaned heifers or steers, cows

Most scent glands in male goats can be destroyed at the time of a. birth b. weaning c. foot trimming d. dehorning

d. dehorning

Enteral feeding is indicated in a horse with a. rabies b. dementia c. ileus d. dysphagia

d. dysphagia

Consumption of unaccustomed quantities of grain, or of lush pasture when first turned out in the spring, by goats or sheep can lead to incomplete digestion, overgrowth of clostridia in the small intestine, and production of epsilon toxin. This syndrome is called a. parturient paresis b. urolithiasis c. posthitis d. enterotoxemia

d. enterotoxemia

What piece of restraint equipment is most commonly used on horses? a. twitch b. hobbles c. cradle d. halter

d. halter

Goats are most at risk for developing the metabolic condition termed ketosis during a. middle of gestation b. late lactation c. early gestation d. late gestation

d. late gestation

Successful strategies for preventing diarrhea in unweaned dairy calves include all of the following, except a. vax of the dam b. dry, draft-free housing c. colostrum feeding d. limiting the amount of milk fed

d. limiting the amount of milk fed