lead 344
How can we limit pitfalls to self-report survey data (i.e. not paying attention to questions and/or social desirability bias)? A) All of these B) Remind participants that their answers are anonymous and confidential C) Highlight that there are no wrong answers D) Reverse code survey questions E) Request that participants stay as honest as possable.
A) All of these
The amount an individual seeks out stimulation in their physical and social environment is the quiticencial component to which of the Big 5 Personality characteristics? A) Extraversion B) Neuroticism C) Openness to Experience D) Agreeableness
A) Extraversion
The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits. A) True B) False
A) True
Rather than framing the adaptive leader as a savior who solves people's problems, scholars see adaptive leaders as people who ______. A) assist followers in adapting to tough problems B) give up control to followers C) transform followers into leaders D) serve followers and meet their higher order needs
A) assist followers in adapting to tough problems
Which type of follower goes along with a destructive leader because they see an opportunity to personally profit? A) colluder B) collaborator C) conformer D) conspirator
A) colluder
Openness in the Big Five Personality Model is defined as ______ A) curious, being informed, creativity B) sociable, assertive, high energy C) organized, dependable, decisive D) accepting, trusting, nurturing
A) curious, being informed, creativity
Persistence, dominance, and drive are characteristics of which trait? A) determination B) extraversion C) intelligence D) sociability
A) determination
The faculty member on your study abroad trip to Costa Rica has traveled there many times and is quite knowledgeable about the country and places you visited. She gave you guidance about the country, local culture, and safety issues while you were interning with the local farmers. The faculty member was using ______. A) expert power B) coercive power C) referent power D) positional power
A) expert power
Which perspective of authentic leadership is concerned with a leader's self-knowledge and self-concept? A) intrapersonal B) interpersonal C) developmental D) communal
A) intrapersonal
According to the adaptive leadership model, who solves adaptive challenges? A) leaders and followers B) leaders C) employees D) the organization
A) leaders and followers
Simonet and Tett studied the difference between leadership and management. Which of the following best reflects their findings? A) leadership involves creative thinking and comfort with ambiguity B) leaders lack the mindset for management C) leadership and management are two totally distinct competencies D) management and leadership should be kept separate
A) leadership involves creative thinking and comfort with ambiguity
in which level of moral development do individuals judge morality actions by their direct consequences? A) preconventional morality B) postconventional morality C) conventional morality D) universal morality
A) preconventional morality
Adaptive leaders ______. A) prepare people to deal with change B) adapt their style based on follower commitment C) adapt their style based on follower competence D) prepare people to assess others' behaviors
A) prepare people to deal with change
Which regulating distress behavior maintains that it is the leader's responsibility to manage the rate of adaptive change for people? A) protection B) conflict management C) orientation D) providing direction
A) protection
Which of the following bases of power is considered personal power? A) referent B) information C) legitimate D) reward
A) referent
Lipman-Blumen argues that unhealthy followership is caused by subordinates' need to feel ______. A) safe B) right C) goal-driven D) famous
A) safe
Leaders who continually reflect on how their decisions as a leader impact others are using which component of authentic leadership? A) self-awareness B) internalized moral perspective C) relational transparency D) balanced processing
A) self-awareness
The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take ______ into consideration. A) situations B) personality C) emotional intelligence D) differences in leaders
A) situations
Being socially aware, possessing social acumen, practicing self-monitoring, and having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation, then following through with said decision are all part of Zaccaro's definition of ______. A) social intelligence B) problem solving C) cognitive ability D) task knowledge
A) social intelligence
"To be successful, you should exploit what you are good at. That is, do what you can naturally do well." This statement describes the idea behind ______. A) strengths leadership B) "great man" theories C) social intelligence D) charismatic leadership
A) strengths leadership
When leadership researchers analyze the personality differences between effective leaders and ineffective ones, they are using which approach in their studies? A) trait approach B) behavioral approach C) skills approach D) focus of group processes approach
A) trait approach
Your parents and older siblings are all successful elected officials. After graduation, it is suggested by many that you should seek office and, in turn, they offer you their support. Which best describes the leadership approach being demonstrated by your supporters? A) trait perspective B) leadership as a process C) expert power D) behavioral approach to leadership
A) trait perspective
In terms of conflict, Expressers: A) Avoid conflict and are rarely the trigger B) Are not averse to conflict and are sometimes the trigger C) Usually avoids conflict and is normally not the trigger D) Are not averse to conflict and are often the trigger
B) Are not averse to conflict and are sometimes the trigger
Linda took an emotional intelligence test when she was 18 and again when she was 36. Which result would be expected? A) Her emotional intelligence can no longer be accurately measured after age 30 B) Her emotional intelligence increased. C) Her emotional intelligence remained the same. D) Her emotional intelligence decreased.
B) Her emotional intelligence increased.
When interpreting self-assessment survey results, which of the following is the LEAST informative. A) Mean (aka. average scores) B) Median (aka. midpoint of the scale range) C) Standard Deviation D) Scale Range
B) Median (aka. midpoint of the scale range)
Which factor of authentic leadership helps leaders avoid favoritism and remain unbiased in their decision-making? A) relational transparency B) balanced processing C) confidence D) self-awareness
B) balanced processing
An overview of the trait approach over the past 100 years can best be described as ______. A) the most widely agreed upon approach for determining who can be a leader B) beginning with emphasis on great persons, then shifting to include situations, now back to traits C) initially focusing on follower traits then moving toward leadership outcomes D) peaking in the 1950s and being largely abandoned ever since
B) beginning with emphasis on great persons, then shifting to include situations, now back to traits
In exclusive clubs and ritualistic groups like fraternities and sororities, followers can become vulnerable to bad leadership when they are unable to regulate their own personal need for ______. A) power B) belonging C) authority D) respect
B) belonging
According to Chaleff, followers need to have the ______ to support and challenge the leader. A) impulsiveness B) courage C) intelligence D) skills
B) courage
he Big Five consists of all of the following factors except ______. A) neuroticism B) dominance C) conscientiousness D) openness
B) dominance
Adaptive leadership is unique in that it focuses on ______. A) leaders' abilities to adapt to followers' developmental levels B) helping followers deal with conflicting values that emerge during change processes C) the change in followers once adaptation to challenges occurs D) correctly identifying situational challenges within an organization
B) helping followers deal with conflicting values that emerge during change processes
Jeffrey is the chief financial officer of an established marketing firm. He recently learned that the company is going to try to merge with a new firm. He shares this potential merger with only a few of his mid-level managers he trusts. Jeffrey has ______. A) information and referent power B) information and legitimate power C) reward and referent power D) personal and information power
B) information and legitimate power
Ethics is central to leadership because ______. A) leaders have multiple goals that may not benefit the greater good B) leaders help establish organizational values and climate C) leaders are inherently self-focused rather than other-focused D) leaders risk becoming destructive if ethical guidelines are not in place
B) leaders help establish organizational values and climate
Followership has been rarely studied as a central part of leadership because ______. A) followers have no power to influence organizational processes B) leaders rather than followers are seen as the agents of organizational change C) followers are already considered leaders in various developmental stages D) there is a lack of scholars who are familiar with how followership works
B) leaders rather than followers are seen as the agents of organizational change
Authentic leadership focuses on ______. A) follower outcomes B) leadership that is genuine C) followers first D) leadership outcomes
B) leadership that is genuine
According to the practical approach to leadership, which leader characteristics refer to a leader's deep-seated interest in their work? A) self-discipline and consistency B) purpose and passion C) heart and compassion D) values and behaviors
B) purpose and passion
Which positive psychological attribute refers to a leader's ability to bounce back or adapt to adverse situations? A) optimism B) resilience C) confidence D) hope
B) resilience
Perry manages a team at a large company. He excels at understanding problems and identifying technological solutions but is less adept at troubleshooting bugs. Therefore, when troubleshooting is needed, Perry has another member of his team who excels at troubleshooting do this work. This scenario best demonstrates which concept? A) five-factor personality model B) strengths leadership C) servant leadership D) "great man" theories
B) strengths leadership
Workplace problems that are clearly defined but do not have straightforward solutions are ______ challenges. A) regulatory B) technical and adaptive C) adaptive D) technical
B) technical and adaptive
In George's model of authentic leadership, which characteristics refer to a leader's sense of "True North"? A) self-discipline and consistency B) values and behaviors C) relationships and connectedness D) heart and compassion
B) values and behaviors
How do leaders know when the problem they face is an adaptive challenge? A) when the problem is easily identified B) when emotions, values, and beliefs are part of the challenge C) when the organization has recently hired new employees D) when there is a clear solution but it costs a lot of money
B) when emotions, values, and beliefs are part of the challenge
_____ refers to a leader's self-efficacy or the belief that they have the ability to accomplish a task. A) Hope B) Optimism C) Confidence D) Resilience
C) Confidence
Which of the following is not one of the 5 causes of conflict identified by Douglas (1998)? A) Conflict over purpose B) Conflict over ambiguity C) Conflict over culture D) Conflict over assumptions
C) Conflict over culture
Emma likes to identify all aspects of a problem before making decisions. She often states the motto "The devil is in the details". Which of the following is most likely Emma's frame? A) Frame: Feelings B) Frame: Asserting C) Frame: Probing D) Frame: Facts
C) Frame: Probing
Diego is a very quiet, mild-mannered student. He actively avoids social situations with a lot of drama and conflict as these situations tend to distract him from getting school work done. What is most likely Diego's base communication style? A) Thinker B) Expresser C) Harmonizer D) Director
C) Harmonizer
James is being considered for a management position. On his trait assessment, he scores low on integrity. In reviewing James's past performance, what finding would be consistent with this trait assessment? A) He excels at managing his emotions. B) He puts others' needs before his own. C) He blames others for his shortcomings. D) He gives up easily when projects become "too difficult."
C) He blames others for his shortcomings.
When conflict arises, Douglas (1998) has suggested three strategies. Using recurring conflict to distinguish between different perspectives and using those competing perspectives to push for a richer appreciation of an issue is called: A) Focusing B) Injecting Inquiry C) Highlighting
C) Highlighting
Cognitive Load theory suggests: A) Humans have evolved to specially attune to tasks needed for survival. B) Humans have evolved to specially attune to social factors in our environment. C) Humans are terrible multitaskers. D) Humans do rather well attuning to both social and task based information at the same time.
C) Humans are terrible multitaskers.
Some positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence are ______. A) being dominant, speaking frequently B) sense of humor, facial expressiveness C) being informed, initiating new ideas D) differentiating oneself from the group, challenging group norms
C) being informed, initiating new ideas
Ethical leaders build community by demonstrating an ethic of ______. A) health and well-being B) charitability C) care toward others D) collective motivation
C) care toward others
On the way to track practice you get pulled over for speeding. When you arrive to practice late, the coach makes you run laps. This is an example of ______. A) expert power B) personal power C) coercive power D) legitimate power
C) coercive power
A student is most likely to become an emergent leader in a group project by ______. A) telling all group members exactly what to do B) sitting at the head of the table C) communicating and listening well with group members D) being designated by the instructor as the group leader
C) communicating and listening well with group members
Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______. A) confidence B) self-regulation C) empathy D) motivation
C) empathy
A leader that takes a political stand on an issue for no other reason than to get re-elected is acting out of ______. A) utilitarianism B) altruism C) ethical egoism D) collectivism
C) ethical egoism
Ethical leadership was found to be positively related to followers' perceptions of a leader's ______. A) intelligence B) abilities C) fairness D) moral compass
C) fairness
Which viewpoint defines authentic leadership as a reciprocal process? A) fundamental B) developmental C) interpersonal D) intrapersonal
C) interpersonal
Erdem has a genius-level IQ and was therefore selected to participate in a leadership development program at work. However, after he is promoted, it becomes apparent that his team is struggling because his ideas are too complicated. The most likely reason for this issue is that Erdem ______. A) lacks conscientiousness B) has low determination C) lacks communication skills D) is too introverted
C) lacks communication skills
When studying ethics and leadership, ethical theories fall into which two broad domains? A) leader behavior and traits B) leader character and traits C) leader character and conduct D) leader conduct and behavior
C) leader character and conduct
Schyns and Schilling found destructive leadership is strongly correlated to ______. A) other leaders in the organization developing toxic behaviors B) collaborative teams being unproductive C) negative follower attitudes toward their jobs and organizations D) followers' behaviors becoming toxic
C) negative follower attitudes toward their jobs and organizations
Which of the Big Five personality factors means the tendency to be anxious, vulnerable, or susceptible to stress? A) conscientiousness B) determination C) neuroticism D) extraversion
C) neuroticism
The four key elements of the definition of leadership used in the text are ______. A) trait, goal, emergent, expert B) capability, competency, skill, relationship C) process, influence, group, goal D) values, ethics, process, performance
C) process, influence, group, goal
A manager is considering using the trait approach to identify employees who would be likely to succeed in the company's leadership development program. Is this a good use of the trait approach? A) No; the trait approach is best used by individuals for personal development, not by organizations. B) Yes; the trait approach is a valid tool if the leadership program is based on the five-factor personality model. C) the trait approach can help predict who will be best suited to leadership development. D) No; the trait approach is used to evaluate effectiveness of leaders in managerial roles.
C) the trait approach can help predict who will be best suited to leadership development.
Which of the following is a Thinkers potential negative response to conflict? A) Withdraws, seeks escape B) Undermines others and attacks their authority C) Criticizes others' behavior and attitudes D) Becomes resentful, slows down productivity and perhaps withdraws
D) Becomes resentful, slows down productivity and perhaps withdraws
Having a common goal that both the leader and followers agree on is central to which ethical leadership principle? A) Ethical leaders respect others. B) Ethical leaders serve others. C) Ethical leaders are just. D) Ethical leaders build community
D) Ethical leaders build community
What information is involved with both the first and fourth step in interpreting survey results? A) Analyzing the difference between the Median and Mean. B) Understanding a sub-scales Standard Deviation. C) Comparing your score to the Scale Range. D) Knowing Operational Definitions
D) Knowing Operational Definitions
________ refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. It involves understanding individual differences in particular characteristics, such as sociability or irritability AND understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a whole. A) None of These B) Openness C) Conscientiousness D) Personality
D) Personality
One of the key differences between Zaleznik's and Kelley's approaches to followership is ______. A) Zaleznik's typology includes six types of followers, while Kelley's includes four types B) Zaleznik's typology discredited Kelley's prior work C) Zaleznik's typology included an active/passive dimension, while Kelley's did not D) Zaleznik focused on personal aspects of followers, while Kelley emphasized followers' motivations
D) Zaleznik focused on personal aspects of followers, while Kelley emphasized followers' motivations
Which action represents a utilitarian perspective? A) a leader who takes a job that they selfishly enjoy B) a leader who acts as a servant leader toward their followers C) a leader who acts virtuously toward other people and the organization D) a leader who forgoes a promotion and instead gives bonuses to their followers
D) a leader who forgoes a promotion and instead gives bonuses to their followers
Which action represents a utilitarian perspective? A) a leader who takes a job that they selfishly enjoy B) a leader who acts as a servant leader toward their followers C) a leader who acts virtuously toward other people and the organization D) a leader who forgoes a promotion and instead gives bonuses to their followersnswer
D) a leader who forgoes a promotion and instead gives bonuses to their followers
From a relational-based perspective, the new followership literature encourages us to view leadership as a ______. A) process wherein power differentials should be underscored B) vantage point from which follower roles are determined C)position that more followers should strive toward D) co-constructed process wherein followers and leaders share equally
D) co-constructed process wherein followers and leaders share equally
A leader's respect for others is shown by being ______. A) apathetic B) altruistic C) critical D) empathic
D) empathic
The overall goal of adaptive leadership is to ______. A) provide emotional support to followers B) adapt to follower characteristics and developmental levels C) encourage people to adapt to their leader D) encourage people to change and learn new behaviors
D) encourage people to change and learn new behaviors
Which type of distributive justice involves giving all followers the same chance at earning bonuses at work? A) individual effort B) societal contribution C) individual need D) equal opportunity
D) equal opportunity
People who want leaders to provide some direction and structure to their work but also want to solve problems without too much directive leadership would most likely benefit from which adaptive leader behavior? A) identify adaptive challenges B) regulate distress C) maintain disciplined attention D) give the work back to the people
D) give the work back to the people
Followers can most accurately be described as individuals who ______. A) do not innately have the capacity to become leaders themselves B) are more passive and introverted than leaders C) are unmotivated to step up into leadership roles D) have less power than the leader but are critical in the leadership process
D) have less power than the leader but are critical in the leadership process
In Chaleff's model of followership, an individualist exhibits ______. A) uncritical thinking and low engagement B) low challenge and low support for the leader C) high dominance and high activity D) high challenge and low support for the leader
D) high challenge and low support for the leader
Which component of authentic leadership refers to a leader's self-regulatory process whereby their values rather than outside forces guide their behaviors? A) relational transparency B) self-awareness C) balanced processing D) internalized moral perspective
D) internalized moral perspective
Lipman-Blumen argues that a person with a strong need for a reassuring authority figure in their life ______. A) becomes an exemplary follower B) will certainly rise to a leadership position C) is a pragmatic follower D) is vulnerable to following abusive leaders
D) is vulnerable to following abusive leaders
The common goals element of the definition of leadership means ______. A) leaders and followers have a mutual desire for power B) leaders and followers have similar personalities C) leaders and followers have similar interests D) leaders and followers have a mutual purpose
D) leaders and followers have a mutual purpose
Imagine that you provided a solution to a challenging problem that just made things worse. Employees are now feeling anxious and uncertain. What you have potentially done wrong according to adaptive leadership principles? A) you did not put yourself in a holding environment B) tried to solve a technical problem with adaptive leadership C) tried to take over the situation D) tried to solve an adaptive problem using technical leadership
D) tried to solve an adaptive problem using technical leadership
When applied to organizational life, knowledge about followership can help leaders ______. A) train followers to become part of the "social marketplace" B) avoid working with followers who are antiauthoritarian C) devise actions to ensure follower compliance D) view each follower uniquely and adjust their leadership style accordingly
D) view each follower uniquely and adjust their leadership style accordingly
Which communication styles have the same Frame?
Director & Expresser; Thinker & Harmonizer
a continuum with individuals who screen their environment for facts on one end. On the other end are individuals who screen their environment for feelings.
Filter
a continuum with "Asserting" at one end, and "Probing" at the other.
Frame
