Leadership and Change Final (Hua)

________ occurs when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activity. A. Ingratiation B. Consultation C. Rational persuasion D. Personal appeal

B. Consultation

Which of the following statements is true of legitimate power? A. It is a function of the amount of knowledge one possesses relative to the rest of the members of the group. B. It means that a leader has authority because she or he has been assigned a particular role in an organization. C. It states that leaders have potential influence on their followers because of the strength of the relationship between them. D. It is the potential to influence others through the administration of negative sanctions or the removal of positive events.

B. It means that a leader has authority because she or he has been assigned a particular role in an organization.

According to Zemke's four generations of workers, which of the following statements is most likely true of the Baby Boomers? A. They are the children of soccer moms and Little League dads. B. They are concerned with creating a level playing field for all C. They usually think of themselves as "the problem" in their workplace. D. They came of age during the Great Depression and World War II.

B. They are concerned with creating a level playing field for all

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, which of the following statements is true about pragmatist followers? A. They are the "yes people" of organizations. B. They are rarely committed to their group's work goals. C. They usually point out all the negative aspects of their organization to others. D. They often present a distinct image, with either positive or negative characteristics.

B. They are rarely committed to their group's work goals.

In the context of perception, which of the following terms is best described as the explanations people develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions to which they attend? A. single-loop learning B. attribution C. self-fulfilling prophecy D. fundamental attribution error

B. attribution

Influence is best described as the A. capacity to produce an effect on others. B. degree of actual change in a target person's values. C. status differential between the members of a group. D. potential to manipulate others.

B. degree of actual change in a target person's values.

Which of the following involves a willingness to confront your own views and an invitation to others to do so, too? A. single-loop learning B. double-loop learning C. the self-fulfilling prophecy D. the fundamental attribution error

B. double-loop learning

According to Goleman's conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EQ), the "change catalyst" attribute most likely corresponds to the ________ dimension of the OCEAN model. A. openness to experience B. extraversion C. neuroticism D. agreeableness

B. extraversion

Sean, a market manager at Pebble Deco Inc., asks his subordinate, Natalie, to work on a high-priority marketing campaign for the next quarter. She is hesitant to take up the assignment but is unable to refuse because of Sean's position and authority. In this scenario, Sean is most likely using A. personal appeals. B. legitimizing tactics. C. inspirational appeals. D. coalition tactics.

B. legitimizing tactics.

When a team has fewer than 15 people, what should new leaders do during the first two weeks? A. schedule half-day one-on-one sessions with every team member B. meet individually with everyone on the team C. identify major areas of improvement and restructure the whole group D. organize gatherings to learn personal information about team members

B. meet individually with everyone on the team

Which of the following best describes ethics? A. a sense of organizational purpose B. principles of right conduct C. an appreciation of laws D. modes of intrapersonal behavior

B. principles of right conduct

Technical competence is especially important for first-line supervisors because they A. are required to provide 360-degree feedback. B. spend considerable time training their followers. C. need to stimulate followers to engage in a 10 percent stretching. D. are frequently promoted to executive positions.

B. spend considerable time training their followers.

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, creative intelligence is A. general problem-solving ability. B. the ability to produce work that is both novel and useful. C. assessed using standardized mental abilities tests. D. the ability to make accurate inferences with relatively unfamiliar information.

B. the ability to produce work that is both novel and useful.

The tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail is called A. double-loop learning. B. the fundamental attribution error. C. single-loop learning. D. the self-fulfilling prophecy.

B. the fundamental attribution error.

________, a recently identified challenge for women, indicates that female candidates for an executive position are more likely to be hired than equally qualified male candidates when an organization's performance is declining. A. role approach B. the glass cliff C. perceptual set D. the stereotype threat

B. the glass cliff

Which statement about empowerment and the operant approach is most likely true? A. Most followers enjoy the challenge of doing things in new ways and feel immediately empowered. B. A concerning situation can almost always be fixed, and followers are the only variable important in the performance equation. C. By changing a particular situation, leaders can enhance followers' motivation, performance, and satisfaction. D. Restructuring work processes and procedures generally has little effect on follower's motivational levels.

C. By changing a particular situation, leaders can enhance followers' motivation, performance, and satisfaction.

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, which of the following statements is most likely true about agreeableness? A. It is primarily concerned with curiosity and innovative thinking. B. It involves behaviors that are generally concerned with getting ahead in life. C. It essentially concerns one's need for approval. D. It primarily concerns those behaviors related to people's approach to work.

C. It essentially concerns one's need for approval.

Which of the following statements is true of individuals with high levels of technical competence? A. They are highly unlikely to be asked to participate in decisions. B. They are highly unlikely to wield more influence in their groups than their leaders. C. They are highly likely to be delegated tasks. D. They are highly likely to be members of their leaders' out-groups.

C. They are highly likely to be delegated tasks.

Which of the following statements is most likely true of servant leaders? A. They tend to overlook their own values, feelings, strengths, and weaknesses. B. They rely on positional authority to influence others. C. They need to integrate present realities and future possibilities. D. They fail to foster each person's emotional and spiritual health and wholeness.

C. They need to integrate present realities and future possibilities.

Which of the following statements is true of managers with the Theory Y orientation? A. They rely on pressure tactics to motivate their workers. B. They tend to maximize workers' sense of responsibility by closely overseeing their work. C. They reflect a view that most people are intrinsically motivated by their work. D. They believe that people need to be coaxed or coerced to work productively.

C. They reflect a view that most people are intrinsically motivated by their work.

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, which of the following dimensions primarily involves behaviors that are highly likely to be exhibited in group settings and are generally concerned with getting ahead in life? A. neuroticism B. agreeableness C. extraversion D. conscientiousness

C. extraversion

Dr. Jonathon realizes that his patient is suffering from a highly contagious disease that is likely to pose a threat to the entire city. However, he is uncertain about sharing this information with city officials to protect his patient's privacy. In this scenario, which of the following ethical dilemmas does the doctor most likely face? A. justice versus mercy B. truth versus loyalty C. individual versus community D. short-term versus long-term

C. individual versus community

Craig, a high school student, wakes up early on a Sunday morning and makes his mother's favorite chocolate cake and butterscotch cookies. He wants to seek permission for a week-long trekking trip and is sure that the cake and cookies will get his mother in a good mood. This scenario most likely exemplifies A. consultation. B. coalition tactics. C. ingratiation. D. legitimizing tactics.

C. ingratiation.

People do not see everything that happens in a particular leadership situation, nor do they hear everything; instead they are selective in what they attend to and what they, in turn, understand. A phenomenon that demonstrates this selectivity is called A. action learning. B. the glass cliff. C. perceptual set. D. the stereotype threat.

C. perceptual set.

Kyra, a 16-year-old high school girl, is skeptical about her first day at a new school. She believes that nobody will talk to her and that her new teachers will be rude to her. She enters the class in a negative mood and speaks rudely to everyone. Eventually, she sees that her beliefs about the new school and teachers come true. Which of the following is most likely exemplified in this scenario? A. action learning B. the constructionist approach C. self-fulfilling prophecy D. the heroic theory

C. self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following terms describes a kind of learning between an individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions? A. action learning B. double-loop learning C. single-loop learning D. deutero-learning

C. single-loop learning

Which of the following most likely occurs when leaders articulate high expectations for followers? A. the Golem effect B. the Hierarchy effect C. the Pygmalion effect D. the Hawthorne effect

C. the Pygmalion effect

During the first two weeks on the job, a new leader should schedule one-on-one meetings with peers. Which of the following issues should be discussed with peers? A. their peers' opinions on former employees and leaders of the organization B. the objectives and challenges of peers C. the way issues are raised and decisions are made on their boss's team D. the best ways to communicate with shareholders

C. the way issues are raised and decisions are made on their boss's team

Leadership behavior enacted by individuals who take action to maintain ethical standards in the face of questionable moral behaviors by higher-ups is referred to as A. charismatic leadership. B. servant leadership behavior. C. upward ethical leadership. D. compelling vision.

C. upward ethical leadership.

Leadership is most associated with words like A. planning. B. consistency. C. vision. D. control.

C. vision

Which of the following statements is true of leaders with high levels of technical competence? A. They are highly unlikely to have satisfied and happy followers. B. Managers are usually more likely to have them as members of their out-groups than leaders with average levels of technical competence. C. They are unable to reduce the level of role ambiguity and conflict in their groups. D. Followers are generally more satisfied with them rather than leaders with average levels of technical competence.

D. Followers are generally more satisfied with them rather than leaders with average levels of technical competence.

Building social capital A. involves helping a community decide what needs to be done. B. involves motivating followers to accomplish their short-term and long-term goals. C. is the leadership competency of helping a group determine how something needs to be accomplished. D. Is the leadership competency of developing and maintaining relationships that allow people to work together.

D. Is the leadership competency of developing and maintaining relationships that allow people to work together.

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, leaders who score high in openness to experience tend to A. prefer doing things using tried-and-true ways. B. avoid taking a strategic approach to solving problems. C. be tactical and practical. D. be big-picture thinkers.

D. be big-picture thinkers.

Unlike individuals who score low in extraversion, individuals who score high in this dimension A. have relatively little interest in influencing or competing with others. B. generally prefer to work by themselves. C. tend to take others' inputs into consideration when making decisions. D. come across to others as decisive and opinionated.

D. come across to others as decisive and opinionated.

In the context of choosing an appropriate context and medium, oral communication is ideal when A. the personalized aspect needs to be ignored. B. leaders need to share their transitory feelings with subordinates. C. leaders need a record of the communication. D. communication needs to be two-way.

D. communication needs to be two-way.

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, who among the following presents a consistent picture to both leaders and coworkers of being independent, innovative, and willing to stand up to superiors? A. alienated followers B. conformist followers C. pragmatist followers D. exemplary followers

D. exemplary followers

The interactional framework for analyzing leadership includes individual followers, groups, and leaders. A. individuals, groups, and organizations. B. first-level supervisors, mid-level C. managers, and top-level leaders. D. followers, leaders, and situations.

D. followers, leaders, and situations.

The leadership competency of helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that result in effective action is known as A. building social capital. B. mobilizing followers. C. facilitating interaction. D. framing.

D. framing.

Ideal followers are most likely to be described as: A. innovative. B. inspiring. C. forward-looking. D. independent.

D. independent.

One limitation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that it fails to A. address the general nature of the various types of basic human needs. B. place enough emphasis on an individual's lower-order needs. C. consider an individual's higher-order needs. D. make specific predictions on what an individual will do to satisfy a particular need.

D. make specific predictions on what an individual will do to satisfy a particular need.

In the OCEAN model, the personality dimension that is concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, and assimilating new information is known as A. extraversion. B. conscientiousness. C. neuroticism. D. openness to experience

D. openness to experience

Craig, a marketing manager at HeliZone Inc., rarely takes initiative or suggests new ideas during project meetings. He does his work halfheartedly and needs to be guided by his manager on a regular basis. According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, Craig most likely is a(n) A. conformist follower B. alienated follower C. pragmatist follower D. passive follower

D. passive follower

________ occurs when people's expectations or predictions play a causal role in bringing about the events they predict. A. Double-loop learning B. Attribution C. The self-fulfilling prophecy D. The fundamental attribution error

The self-fulfilling prophecy

"I remain calm in pressure situations." This statement most likely corresponds to which of the following OCEAN personality dimensions? A. neuroticism B. openness to experience C. extraversion D. conscientiousness

A. neuroticism

Leaders who score low in neuroticism tend to A. lose their temper when stressed. B. hide their emotions. C. take mistakes personally. D. be moody.

B. hide their emotions.

According to Myers and Myers's basic preference dimensions in which people can differ, the thinking-feeling dimension A. is concerned with how people look at data. B. is concerned with the considerations leaders prefer when making decisions. C. describes the amount of information a leader needs before feeling comfortable making a decision. D. is fundamentally concerned with where people get their energy.

B. is concerned with the considerations leaders prefer when making decisions.

Values are most likely A. demonstrated through empathy. B. learned through the socialization process. C. shared by all human beings. D. based on the principles of law.

B. learned through the socialization process.

Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging are most likely the ones A. who are consistent. B. who demonstrate empathy. C. who create a compelling vision. D. whose integrity is strong.

C. who create a compelling vision.

According to the OCEAN model, individuals who appear as insensitive, socially clueless, pessimistic, cold, and grumpy are most likely to score low in A. neuroticism. B. leadership competence. C. charisma. D. agreeableness.

D. agreeableness.

________ is an effort to attain objectives by attacking or hurting others. A. Aggression B. Assertiveness C. Acquiescence D. Autonomy

A. Aggression

Which of the following statements is true of a gaps-of-the-GAPS analysis? A. It helps leadership practitioners identify high-priority development needs. B. It states career objectives indicating where one wants to be in one's career a year or so in the future. C. It builds in reflection time so that people can periodically review progress. D. It clearly spells out what leaders need to do to meet their development needs.

A. It helps leadership practitioners identify high-priority development needs.

A police officer giving a speeding ticket to a driver is most likely using his or her A. coercive power. B. expert power. C. reward power. D. referent power

A. coercive power.

The competency models describe the behaviors and skills needed for organizational success. There are four dimensions. Which one is not included? A. critical thinking skills B. intrapersonal skills C. interpersonal skills D. leadership skills

A. critical thinking skills

Which of the following best describes attribution of blame? A. justifying immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions B. minimizing the harm caused by immoral actions by blaming the behavior on low societal standards C. avoiding self-contempt for personal behavior by comparing it to the more heinous actions of others D. using cosmetic words to defuse the offensiveness of distasteful behavior

A. justifying immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions

Which of the following would most likely result from too much stress? A. reduced job performance B. inadequate communication C. low employee turnover D. increased level of passive listening

A. reduced job performance

A leader who has developed close interpersonal relationships with followers generally uses his or her ________ power to influence them. A. referent B. legitimate C. reward D. coercive

A. referent

Which of the following generation of workers tends to be technologically savvy, independent, and skeptical of institutions and hierarchy? A. the Gen Xers B. the Millennials C. the Veterans D. the Baby Boomers

A. the Gen Xers

Which of the following is the first step while conducting a GAPS analysis? A. to clearly identify what one wants to do or where one wants to go with one's career over the next year or so B. to write a journal that includes specialized knowledge or a number of skills that have helped one succeed in one's previous jobs C. to identify the standards one's boss or one's organization has for one's career objectives D. to obtain information about one's strengths and development needs by asking others for feedback

A. to clearly identify what one wants to do or where one wants to go with one's career over the next year or so

What are the four qualities of leadership that engender trust according to Bennis and Goldsmith? A. vision, empathy, consistency, and integrity B. values, loyalty, consistency, and integrity C. honesty, values, loyalty, and creativity D. creativity, honesty, consistency, and vision

A. vision, empathy, consistency, and integrity