Leadership and Theories ch 10-12

Targeting and taking over a ship is which of the following?

A well-planned-out and orchestrated event

Which of the following is not a stage in the development of groups?

Avoiding

________ satisfaction assesses the overall degree to which employees are satisfied with their organization and their job.

Global

What is the best way to tackle the leadership talent shortfall in an organization?

Identifying and developing followers who have the most potential to be effective leaders

In the context of an organization, identify the true statements about social facilitation.

It typically occurs when the presence of others increases individual accountability for work. It was first documented in classic experiments at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company.

According to I. L. Janis, what are the ways of reducing groupthink in an organizational setting? (Check all that apply.)

Leaders should create an atmosphere of open inquiry through their own impartiality and objectivity. At least one member of the group should be assigned the role of devil's advocate. Leaders should encourage all group members to take on the role of critical evaluator.

Which of the following occurs when illegal actions are taken by overly zealous and loyal subordinates who believe that what they are doing will please their leaders?

Ollieism

All of the following are true of groups except which?

People are limited to one group at a time.

In which stage of group formation should leaders focus on task behaviors in order to improve productivity?

Performing

Which of the following occurs when leaders insist that followers put in long hours at the office?

Presenteeism

Which of the following is not a motivator in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

pay

When group members play functional, interdependent roles focused on accomplishing group tasks, the group is in the ____ stage of group development.

performing

True or false: Team or organization effectiveness measures all suffer from some degree of criterion contamination.

true

How often do organizations using job satisfaction surveys typically administer them?

About once every one or two years

The best approach for identifying leadership potential includes boss ratings, personality and intelligence results, and _____.

candidates' team effectiveness quotient (TQ) scores

Subgroups of individuals who often share the same goals, values, and expectations are referred to as:

cliques.

The glue that keeps a group together is referred to as group ____.

cohesion

Resolving interpersonal conflicts and reducing tension are part of the relationship role known as ___________.

harmonizing

One of the reasons employee engagement has become so popular over the years is the engagement-shareholder value chain, in which it is believed that _____.

higher employee engagement drives higher customer satisfaction

Factors that lead to dissatisfaction at work in Herzberg's two-factor theory are called factors.

hygiene

Most of the characteristics of effective teams as identified with the Center for Creative Leadership are concerned with _______, while the remaining characteristics are concerned with group maintenance.

task accomplishment

Most teams and organizations have a set of goals or key performance indicators that they use to define winning, and progress against these goals is usually published in the form of a(n) or .

team balanced scorecard

An artificial change in behavior by a person or group due to the fact that the person or group is being studied refers to ______.

the Hawthorne effect

True or false: Most people in an organization have multiple roles stemming from the various groups with which they are associated.

true

Identify the true statements about the process used in large organizations for collecting potential and readiness information about followers. (Check all that apply.)

9-box matrices are used to evaluate the performance and potential of followers. The performance and potential of followers are usually evaluated once per year.

Which of the following leader problems takes place when leaders are so busy traveling, attending meetings, or being otherwise preoccupied that they hardly have any time for their followers and teams?

Absenteeism leadership

Which of the following is not likely to result in dysfunctional turnover?

Declining costs

Which type of justice concerns followers' perceptions of whether the level of reward or punishment is commensurate with an individual's performance or infraction?

Distributive justice

Which of the following are true about interpreting employee engagement survey results? (Check all that apply.)

Results should not always be considered accurate as employees may game the survey by providing inflated results. The frequency with which surveys are conducted can make interpretation of results difficult.

If a person wonders 'what am I supposed to be doing?' which of the following has occurred?

Role ambiguity

Which of the following do leaders need to do in the planning phase of the performance management cycle? (Check all that apply.)

Set clear, measurable, and agreed-upon goals for the what and how of follower performance. Make very explicit links between follower performance and team or organizational outcomes.

In the context of an organization, which of the following refers to any time people increase their level of work due to the presence of others?

Social facilitation

According to the process known as punctuated equilibrium, teams do which of the following?

Spend the first half of their life muddling through various strategies

_____ is the process most organizations use to make leadership potential and readiness decisions about followers.

Succession planning

Identify a true statement about employee engagement surveys.

Survey respondents may inflate their ratings if they sense that their results are not anonymous.

Why do organizations often use the results of 9-box matrices and replacement tables to identify people to send to high-potential programs? (Check all that apply.)

To accelerate their ability to take over greater leadership responsibilities To fill the Ready-now gap for critical leadership positions

Identify the true statements about succession planning in small companies.

Top managers go with their gut and rarely use data to make the promotion decisions. Succession planning is usually episodic and informal

In an organizational context, a task where a group's output simply involves the combination of individual outputs is known as a(n) task.

additive

Belittling others and creating a hostile or intimidating environment is part of the dysfunctional role known as ____ role.

attacking

The dysfunctional role known as ______ involves monopolizing group time and forcing views on others.

dominating

When the 'best and brightest' in an organization become dissatisfied and leave ____ turnover occurs.

dysfunctional

One of the reasons employee engagement has become so popular over the years is the engagement-shareholder value chain. Organizations with higher percentages of _____.

engaged and actively engaged followers should ultimately generate higher shareholder returns

True or false: Herzberg's two-factor theory has been confirmed by numerous empirical studies.

false

True or false: If an employee satisfaction survey reveals that employees are unhappy, it is usually best for leaders to conceal the results from followers.

false

True or false: The results of replacement tables used for filling a firm's key leadership positions are reviewed by senior leaders on a monthly basis.

false

'Overall, I am satisfied with my job' is concerned with ______ satisfaction.

global

A refers to two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other person.

group

The sets of expected behaviors associated with particular jobs or positions in an organization are known as _____.

group roles

When a group becomes more concerned with striving for unanimity than objectively appraising different action options, ___ has occurred.

groupthink

When using replacement tables for filling key leadership positions, companies first _____.

identify those leadership roles most critical to strategy execution

Defining the problem, suggesting activities, and assigning tasks is part of the task role referred to as _____.

initiating

When the same person sends mixed signals, ___ conflict occurs.

intrasender role

'In general, I am satisfied with my life and where it is going' is concerned with ______ satisfaction.

life

Most firms use information such as certain personality traits, intelligence, and 360-degree feedback ratings to _____.

provide candidates already on high-potential + high-performance lists with developmental feedback

The process by which project teams spend the most of the first half of their lives muddling through various ideas and strategies before engaging in a flurry of activity and a reexamination of their strategy is called equilibrium.

punctuated

In the context of an organization, an evaluation of a follower's immediate promotability is known as _____.

readiness

All of the following are classified as hygiene factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory except ___.

responsibility

One of the key causes of job dissatisfaction is , which occurs whenever leaders or followers do not have clarity about what they need to do and how they should do it. (Enter one word in each blank.)

role ambiguity

When there is a lack of clarity about exactly what expectations are, ____ occurs.

role ambiguity

In an organizational context, which of the following is a difference between teams and groups?

Team members usually have a stronger sense of identification among themselves than group members do.

Some followers in an organization are such high performers that leaders are loath to let them go or let others know about their exceptional performance. This is referred to as .

talent hoarding

If Jim artificially changes his behavior because he is aware that his behavior is being studied, a phenomenon known as _____ occurs.

the Hawthorne effect

In an organizational context, experiments across different sorts of tasks have tended to demonstrate greater effort when every individual's work is monitored than when many individuals' outputs are anonymously pooled into a collective product.

true

True or false: High-performing followers in an organization often become frustrated because of talent hoarding and leave companies in order to get promoted.

true

When team or organization effectiveness measures are affected by factors unrelated to follower performance, occurs.

criterion contamination

In the context of evaluating followers' performance, most organizations consider themselves _____, where those who get the best results are given the best rewards.

meritocracies

The dress code of an organization is an example of a ______.

norm

A leader clearly emerges and patterns of behavior and cohesiveness are developed in the ______ stage of group development.

norming

In the context of tackling the leadership talent shortfall in an organization, a follower's capacity to advance one or more levels within his or her organization is known as leadership .

potential

Which of the following should be done when interpreting employee engagement and satisfaction survey results? (Check all that apply.)

The best approach is for leaders to jointly determine the factors potentially affecting the results with followers. Organizations need to understand that engagement is not an end unto itself, but rather a means to an end.

True or false: The results of various employee engagement surveys indicate leaders have a lot of work to do, as two-thirds of all U.S. workers are either not fully engaged or actively disengaged at work.

true

In an organizational context, the phenomenon of reduced effort by people in a group when they are not individually accountable for their work is known as _____.

social loafing

True or false: If the same group of followers in an organization comes up on high-potential + high-performance lists every year, then there is likely some problem with how these lists are getting generated.

true

True or false: The differentiation of followers in an organization is a critical aspect of evaluating their performance, and doing this well should systematically improve the quality of followers over time.

true

Identify true statements about the team effectiveness quotient (TQ). (Check all that apply.)

TQ scores are calculated using team members' ratings on a standardized measure of team dynamics and performance. TQ is an individual's ability to create loyal followings.

In an organizational context, identify the statements that show the differences between teams and groups. (Check all that apply.)

Task interdependence typically is greater with teams than with groups. Team members often have more differentiated and specialized roles than do group members.

Identify the true statements about people who are identified as high-performance/high-potential types. (Check all that apply.)

They often get to participate in customized leadership training programs. They are sent back to school to obtain MBAs or other advanced degrees.

Which of the following most likely occurs when groups become so cohesive they erect fences or boundaries between themselves and others?

Overbounding

____ conflict occurs when role expectations violate a person's values.

Person-role

Identify the variables identified by Ginnett that are essential to the effective functioning of teams.

Task Authority Boundaries

The model that resembles a systems approach with inputs at the base, processes in the center, and outputs at the top is known as the:

Team Leadership Model.

During the dream stage of development, leaders should

clearly define the vision of the team.

At the organizational level (O-1), the Team Leadership Model (TLM) suggests that a leader should primarily _____.

examine the reward system that may be impacting his or her team

According to the Team Leadership Model, the results of the team's work are referred to as .

outputs

The question of whether the collective membership of the team is appropriate for the task to be performed is concerned with which variable?

Boundaries

The functions of Team Leadership Model leadership include all of the following except which?

Describe

The question 'what's going on?' is addressed by which function of the Team Leadership Model?

Develop

In the context of an organization, identify the true statements about a balanced scorecard in comparison with a team scorecard. (Check all that apply.)

It includes organizational goals involving customers, marketing, sales, finance, operations, human resources, and the like. It usually defines how the organization as a whole defines winning.

In the context of groups, identify the true statements about ollieism. (Check all that apply.)

It is a problem with highly cohesive groups. It is a variation of groupthink.

Why do organizations like electronic performance monitoring?

It provides more control and helps take time-wasting behavior out of the workplace.

Which of the following involves understanding how a team or organization defines success, comprehending the context in which followers operate, determining what followers need to deliver and behave for the team to succeed, and then setting clear expectations for follower performance?

Planning

The process by which rewards or punishments are administered refers to which type of justice?

Procedural justice

Reasons why an individual might choose to stay with an organization include all of the following except

Repetitive work

In an organizational context, identify the process measures of effectiveness that provide criteria by which one can examine how a team works. (Check all that apply.)

The team must work hard enough. The team must have an appropriate strategy to accomplish the tasks. The team members must have sufficient skills and knowledge to perform the tasks. The team must have positive and constructive group dynamics among its members.

The Navy Seals are an example of ______.

cluster

When discussing geographically dispersed teams (GDTs), distance can be defined to include all of the following except:

product-line.

True or false: Research shows that certain personality traits, intelligence, and 360-degree feedback ratings are more accurate, less biased, and better predict candidates' effectiveness in new roles than a leader's judgment in an organization.

true

True or false: Virtual teams require more leadership than typical teams.

true

Another name for a geographically dispersed team is a Blank______ team.

virtual

People systematically overestimate their own performance in areas where they lack competence and readily dismiss any information to the contrary. This is referred to as the _____.

Dunning-Kruger effect

Which of the following best describes a group?

Eight people meeting to plan a school bond issue.

What strategy has been found to be particularly helpful for keeping teams together?

Having teams work in ad hoc pairs for a week or two

Which of the following is not a characteristic of effective teams?

Low levels of communication

Which behavior do norms govern in an organization?

Only those behaviors a group feels are important

Which best describes why an individual might leave an organization?

Repetitive work

All of the following except which are levels in the input stage of the Team Leadership Model?

Situational factors

Which of the following is not true of highly cohesive groups as compared to less cohesive groups?

They influence each other less.

Which of the following are typical features of disengaged followers in an organization? (Check all that apply.)

They tend not to care about organizational success. They tend to be more interested in collecting paychecks than completing work.

Identify the typical features of fully engaged followers in an organization. (Check all that apply.)

They tend to put in the hours necessary to complete assigned tasks. They tend to be more committed to team and organizational success than others.

The term being used to describe team leadership, network leadership, and complexity leadership is leadership.

collective

In the ____ phase of the Team Leadership Model (TLM), team members are selected and trained, a strategy is developed, and appropriate attitudes and values are instilled in team members.

design

Which phase of the Team Leadership Model (TLM) is the most frequently omitted step in the culture of many traditional organizations?

design

During the ____ stage, a clear vision of where the team is going is established.

dream

True or false: In the leader-follower-situation model, leader characteristics play the most important role.

false

According to Terence Brake, leaders of virtual teams in an organization should _____.

give the members of the team personal attention

In the context of the process measures of a team's effectiveness in an organization, the phrase Blank______ refers to interactions among team members, including aspects such as how they communicate with others, express feelings toward each other, and manage conflict with each other.

group dynamics

Individual characteristics, team factors, and organizational systems are all part of the variable of the Team Leadership Model.

input

According to I. L. Janis, to reduce groupthink in an organizational setting, leaders should refrain from _____.

stating personal preferences or expectations that may create bias in group discussions

If a job is meaningless, lacks sufficient autonomy, or provides no knowledge of results, a leader would not expect to see followers putting forth much effort. In the Team Leadership Model (TLM), these are problems at the Blank______ level.

team design

The Team Leadership Model does all of the following except

allow leadership to be understood as a function of the leader and his characteristics.

The three touchdowns scored by the football team is an example of in the Team Leadership Model.

outputs

In the context of employee engagement, the notion of being at work while one's brain is not fully engaged is called _____, and, according to various employee engagement surveys, some 51 percent of U.S. workers fit this description.

presenteeism

In the context of an organization, the inefficiencies created by more and more people working together as a group are referred to as _____.

process loss

According to I. L. Janis, which of the following are the symptoms of groupthink in an organizational context? (Check all that apply.)

Stereotypes of the opposition as evil, weak, or stupid Collective rationalization An illusion of invulnerability

____ occurs when an individual on a team deliberately avoids maximizing his individual effort in order to improve the overall performance of the team.

Subsystem nonoptimization

In the context of an organization, identify the guidelines given by Terence Brake for leaders of virtual teams. (Check all that apply.)

The leaders should create a sense of order and predictability. The leaders should be proactive and stay people-focused. The leaders should recognize the limits of available technologies.

The ongoing work done with the team at the process level to find ways to improve an already well-design team takes place at the _____ phase of the Team Leadership Model.

development

The Shipboard Articles that individuals had to sign before they could become part of a pirate ship are similar to the ___ of modern organizations.

norms

Some students routinely overestimate their performance on tests, but they lack competence and readily dismiss any information to the contrary. In the context of performance management, this example refers to the _____.

Dunning-Kruger effect

Leaders need to be proficient at all the components of the performance management cycle when working with followers to accomplish group or organizational goals. What are the components of the performance management cycle? (Check all that apply.)

Evaluating Monitoring Planning

What are the drawbacks of electronic performance monitoring in an organizational context? (Check all that apply.)

It runs counter to the concepts of employee autonomy, empowerment, engagement, and creativity. People do not like the intrusive nature of electronic performance monitoring and being pushed to the limit at work.

Which of the following is not true of leaders with a large span of control?

They display more consideration to followers.

A key cause of job dissatisfaction is , which occurs when leaders and followers are required to accomplish incompatible goals. (Enter one word in each blank.)

role conflict

_______ satisfaction is concerned with an individual's attitudes about life in general.

life