Leadership Development

Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggest that

no consistent set of traits differentiated leaders from non-leaders.

Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: Emotional intelligence includes our ability to perceive and

to express emotions to reason/understand emotions to use emotions to facilitate thinking to manage emotions within one's self

Which of the following refers to the power Bill Gates had when he and Paul Allen started the Microsoft company?

Expert

Path-goal theory is a lot like coaching and giving guidance

False

The style approach is not heuristic.

False

Select the work experiences that contribute to leaders' knowledge and skills

Hands-on experience Mentoring Challenging assignments

Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: According to the trait approach, leaders should

Have determination have integrity

Bill is in charge of hiring a new manager for the first shift on the production line. According to Katz' model, Bill should be looking for a person with which of the following types of skills?

Human and technical skills

In the skills model, which of these is a general cognitive ability?

Information processing

Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: Defining leadership as a process means that

It is a transactional event the leader affects and is affected by followers

Select all of the options that correctly characterize transformational leadership

It results in performance that goes well beyond what is expected It helps followers transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group

Jim is manager of a Wendy's. He is very concerned with efficiency and with making employees happy. Which of the following is true of Jim?

Jim is a high-high style leader.

Select all the options that path-goal theory suggests

Leaders should help subordinates around their difficulties by removing obstacles. Subordinates with an external locus of control should be directed Task and subordinate characteristics affect leadership effectiveness.

Power that any elected official has is

Legitimate

Select all of the Individual Attributes

Personality Motivation General cognitive ability

Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is

Reward

Select all of the options that correctly describe trait research.

Shows that successful leaders tend to have certain identified traits.

Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: The individual attributes factor in the skills model suggests

That the skills model is not just a competency-based model That traits are important to leadership

Path-goal theory is based on motivation principles drawn from Expectancy Theory

True

SLII is used by many corporations to train leaders

True

The trait approach emphasizes that leadership resides within the individual

True

Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: the trait approach to leadership is appealing because

it has been in existence for over 100 years People have a need to see their leaders as gifted people

Leaders' use of physical force to get their way is which kind of power?

Coercive

Which of these is not competency?

Cognitive ability

Management by exception involves

Correcting misbehavior of employees

You have recently been made a department head of the new regional office. In getting to know your departmental staff, you have noticed that one of your inexperienced employees is not following through on assigned tasks. She is enthused about her new job and wants to get ahead in the organization. Which alternative represents the most effective leadership style for this situation?

Define the steps necessary to complete the assigned tasks and monitor her performance frequently (S1).

D4 subordinates are not certain that they can do the job themselves

False

Followers are usually responsible for maintaining the relationship with leaders

False

In LMX, it is usually the leader who makes an offer to the subordinate for improved career-oriented exchanges.

False

In SLII, Style 2 is low directive and low supportive

False

In SLII, delegating is ineffective with subordinates who are very competent and committed.

False

In his early studies, Stogdill found that leaders in on situation would almost always be leaders in another situation

False

In the Leadership Grid, the 9, 9 type of leader prefers the middle ground, soft-pedals disagreement, and swallows convictions in the interest of progress

False

In the situational approach, leadership style defines directive behaviors as those that help group members in goal achievement via two-way communication

False

In the situational approach, leadership style refers to motivational principles

False

In-group relationships are based on the formal employment contract (defined roles).

False

Katz states that human skills are most important for middle and top management levels.

False

Kotter argues that managerial and leadership functions are quite similar.

False

Leadership research suggests conclusively that it is best for leaders to be high-task and high-relationship in all situations.

False

Men and women are perceived as equally capable leaders in mixed-sex groups.

False

Motivation and personality fall within the competencies component of Mumford's skill model.

False

One of the strengths of the situational approach is its clear conceptualization of subordinates' developmental levels.

False

Path-goal leadership is an approach to leadership for which many management-training programs have been developed.

False

Path-goal theory predicts that subordinates who have a strong need for affiliation prefer directive leadership

False

Personality and other personal characteristics are unrelated to the process of how in-groups are formed

False

Pseudo-transformational leadership could be described as a form of socialized leadership.

False

Ryan White was more of a transactional leader than a transformational leader.

False

Social judgment is an individual attribute in the skills model

False

Studies have shown that high LMX has a direct impact on employee creativity

False

Subordinates in the out-group receive more information and concern from their leaders than do in-group members.

False

Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up the managerial hierarchy.

False

The "great person" approach stresses the leaders' traits are learned

False

The Big FIve and Leadership meta-analysis found that the factor most strongly associated with leadership was conscientiousness

False

The acronym VDL stands for Variation Dependent Leadership

False

The problem with LMX approach is that it gives little attention to the importance of communication in leadership

False

The process definition of leadership states that certain individuals have inborn qualities that differentiate from non-leaders

False

The research on leadership generally has found it to be relatively simple process

False

The situational approach requires leaders to demonstrate a strong degree of control.

False

The skills approach is not descriptive

False

The trait approach determines the most important traits in a highly objective way.

False

Whereas the skills approach emphasizes the personality characteristics of the leader, the trait approach emphasizes the behavior of the leader.

False

The primary functions of management are

Planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling.

Select all options that accurately describe what directive leadership does.

Provides performance standards

Select the behaviors that social intelligence includes.

Self-monitoring appropriate public behavior

Which of the following presents a competency-based approach leadership?

Skills approach

Select all of the traits that are associated with effective leadership

Sociability Self-confidence Intelligence

Select all the items that measure performance outcome

Standard external criteria

Select the options that correctly complete this sentence: House notes that effects of charismatic leadership are more likely to occur in

Stressful situations

Select the options that correctly complete this sentence: According to early LMX theory:

in-group members are chosen on the basis of compatibility with the leader. Out-group members may not want to be in-group members The out-group has less influence with the leader than does the in-group

You are the leader of a small jazz band, comprised of four of your peers who have never been in a jazz group before. As the leader of the band, you have been very straightforward about how the band will function. You have clearly described each of the members' roles, and they are starting to catch on to how the group works. What style do you exhibit next?

Style 2

You are leader of a group project for a class. The other group members seem insecure about whether they can complete the project, but it is apparent that they are competent enough to do a good job. In prior meetings, you have been coaching them on the project. Based on SLII, which leadership style should you exhibit at the next meeting?

Style 3

Criticisms of transformational leadership are that it is elitist and antidemocratic, and that it suffers from heroic leadership bias.

True

During the first phase of leadership making, the interactions within the leader-subordinate dyad are generally low quality

True

During the partner phase of leadership, the leader and the subordinate have reciprocal influence on each other.

True

Environmental influences are factors in a situation that lie outside the leader's competencies, characteristics, and experiences.

True

Human skills are important at all levels of management

True

In LMX theory, leadership making suggests that leaders help everyone to be in the in group

True

In LMX theory, the dyadic relationships is the focal point of the leadership process

True

In SLII model emphasizes flexibility in leadership style.

True

In SLII, Style 3 is high supportive and low directive.

True

In application, the trait approach can help individuals pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses

True

In the Leadership Grid, a person who uses but does not integrate the 1,9 and 9, 1 styles of leadership could be called a "benevolent dictator"

True

In work settings where the formal authority system is weak, leadership becomes a tool that helps subordinates by making the rules and work requirements clear.

True

LMX can be criticized for failing to fully explain the way high-quality, leader-member exchanges are created.

True

LMX challenged the assumption that leaders treated followers in a collective way, as a group, using an average leadership style

True

Laissez-faire leadership represents the absence of leadership

True

Later studies of LMX showed that high-quality relationships between leaders and subordinates produce less employee turnover

True

Leaders who use coercion are generally more interested in their own goals than those of subordinates.

True

Leadership occurs in both large and small groups?

True

Mumford's research studied military personnel rather than business and organizational leaders.

True

Over 60 different leadership classification systems have been developed

True

Participative leadership is effective with subordinates who have a strong need to control (internal locus of control).

True

Path-goal leadership is not a trait approach that locks leaders into only one kind of leadership.

True

Situational leadership requires the clear recognition of subordinate needs.

True

Some studies have suggested that masculinity is a leadership trait

True

The "great person" approach focuses on important political leaders

True

The situational approach contends that leadership involves both directive and supportive behaviors

True

The skills approach is relatively new and has not been widely used in training and development

True

The skills approach provides a structure consistent with leadership education programs.

True

The skills approach suggests that many individuals have the potential for leadership

True

The style approach as failed to identify a universally effective leadership style.

True

The style approach has been validated by a wide range of studies.

True

The style approach suggests that leadership cannot be explained by any list of personality traits

True

The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits

True

The trait approach focuses primarily on the leader, not on the followers or the situation

True

The trait approach has a century of research to back it up

True

Transactional leadership focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers.

True

Transactional leadership refers to the bulk of leadership models.

True

Transformational leadership views leaders as social architects.

True

During the stranger phase of leadership making, how is it most accurate to describe roles? (select all that apply.)

scripted

Kouzes and Posner's five practices that enable leaders to accomplish extraordinary things include all of these except

support contingent reward

Which option best describes the elements of a model of transformational leadership?

idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration

Bass and Avolio suggest that transformational leadership cannot be taught, since it results from innate leadership characteristics.

False

Crystallized cognitive ability refers to one's innate intellectual ability or intelligence

False

An individual perceived by other group members as influential can only be assigned leader, not an emergent one.

False

Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are

Affective and cognitive

Which of the following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership?

An artistic process

Which of the following are examples of positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence?

Being informed, initiating new ideas

Which scholar(s) created Leadership Grid?

Blake and Mouton

From what style does path-goal theory suggest that leaders should respond to dogmatic and authoritarian followers?

Directive style

"She is a natural leader" is a phrase commonly expressed by people who take a process perspective toward leadership.

False

A major strength of the trait approach is that it is quite useful for training

False

A problem with LMX theory is that it appears to be unrelated to positive organizational outcomes

False

According to Blake and Mouton, the "authority-compliance manager" is highly concerned with people and has little concern for results

False

According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly.

False

According to path-goal theory, achievement-oriented leadership is most effective in settings where followers are required to perform unambiguous tasks.

False

According to path-goal theory,when jobs are very complex, supportive leadership should be provided.

False

According to the Leadership Grid, opportunistic leaders rely primarily on the 5, 5 style of leadership.

False

Assisting group members in building cohesiveness is primarily a task behavior

False

What does using the path-goal approach, expectancy theory suggest? (Select all that apply)

Followers are motivated if they think completing a given task will result in a valuable payoff

According to Blake and Mouton, which leadership style includes rewards and approval for people in return for their loyalty and obedience?

Paternalism/materialism

Which of the following attributes begins to decline in later adulthood

General cognitive ability

According to House, which option is not one of the specific types of behaviors commonly exhibited by charismatic leaders?

Giving structure to complex tasks

Which of the following is not a subordinate benefit of high LMX

Increased relational communication

Transformational leadership does what? (select all that apply.)

Increases the motivation and morality of followers. Helps followers reach their full potential Creates a connection between leaders and followers

In the skills model, crystallized knowledge refers to which of the following?

Intellectual ability acquired over time.

Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: Researchers agree that leadership

Is influenced by the situation

Select the disadvantages of LMX theory.

It discriminates against some subordinates It runs counter to the human value of fairness.

Select all of the options that correctly describe the trait approach.

It emphasizes leader personality

Select all of the options which represent strengths of the trait approach

It emphasizes the leader in the leadership process It is intuitively appealing A century of research backs it up

Select all the options that best describe path-goal theory

Motivational theory

Sara is criticized for shifting her management style too much and is known as a leader who watches out for herself. She is a/an

Opportunistic leader

From which style does path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to autonomous group members with unstructured tasks?

Participative style

You are president of a large corporation. At a typical monthly meeting, each of your vice presidents gives standard area reports. In the past, these reports have been good, and the VPs seem satisfied about their work. Based on SLII, which leadership style should you exhibit at the next meeting?

Style 4

Larry dislikes giving instructions to employees. He is uncomfortable with which of the following? (select all that apply.)

Task behavior

Select the types of skills that are most important for leaders operating at lower levels of management

Technical and human

Jim is a district manager of Wendy's West Michigan. When he hires people, the most important thin he looks for is whether people are good problem solvers. Which approach or model is Jim using?

The Mumford skills model

Mary has managed the mailroom for two years. Management views Mary as a person with special leadership talents, such as intelligence, sociability, and determination. Management is using which of the following approaches.

Trait approach

Select the correct characteristics of the mature partnership phase.

Transformational relationships Respect Reciprocity Mutual trust

A boss, by definition, usually has position power over subordinates

True

A criticism of transformational leadership is that it treats leadership as a personality trait.

True

A disadvantage of path-goal theory is that its approach could foster subordinate dependency.

True

A factor common to the leadership classification systems is the view of leadership as a process of influence

True

A strength of the transformational model is its emphasis on followers' needs, values, and morals.

True

According to Bass, charisma is a necessary but not sufficient condition for transformational leadership

True

According to Situational Leadership, D3 subordinates may be highly skilled but also lack commitment

True

Based on results from later studies, Stogill argued that personality and situational factors were both determinates of leadership

True

Career experience is a strong influence on a leader's competencies.

True

Charismatic leadership is often described in ways that make it similar to, if not synonymous with, transformational leadership.

True

Charismatic leadership transforms followers' self-concepts and tries to link the identity of the followers to the collective identity of the organization.

True

Select all the options that represent main components in path-goal theory.

Work setting Subordinate characteristics Leader style

Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are

affective and cognitive

Select all the options that accurately complete this sentence: The need for directive leadership increases when employees

believe that outside circumstances control their lives.

During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, subordinates tend to focus

on both their own and the group's interests.

Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: It is accurate to say that SLII is primarily

prescriptive