Leadership Ethics

40. My followers are foremost in the plans I make for our team. I am often seen mentoring my followers and using citizenship behaviors that benefit all of my followers. I am using which ethical leadership principle? A. respects others B. serve others C. shows justice D. manifests honesty

Ans: B

43. People want to view their leaders as ethical, fair, and just, especially with the public failing of high-level leaders in the past decade. This is ______. A. a criticism of ethical leadership B. a strength of ethical leadership C. a failure of ethical leadership D. an unreasonable public view

Ans: B

49. Altruistic service behaviors are not observed in ______. A. mentoring B. self-promoting C. empowering D. team building

Ans: B

5. Which scholar described how people think about moral issues in terms of stages of development? A. Heifetz B. Kohlberg C. Plato D. Crain

Ans: B

50. Burns contends all of the following except ______. A. leadership has a moral dimension B. leaders should put their values ahead of their followers to reach goals C. leaders should move followers to a higher level of morality D. leaders should be involved in followers' personal struggles with conflicting issues

Ans: B

52. Utilitarianism is concerned with ______. A. showing concern for the best interests of others B. creating the greatest good for the greatest number C. creating the greatest good for the leader D. showing concern for the leader only

Ans: B

53. Virtue-based theories ______. A. focus on the actions of the leader B. are about the leader's character C. are duty driven D. focus on consequences of the leader's actions

Ans: B

59. Ethical theories that are driven from the viewpoint of the leader's character are called ______. A. teleological theories B. virtue-based theories C. deontological theories D. utilitarianism theories

Ans: B

61. The ethical approach that is low in self-interest and high in concern for others is ______. A. utilitarianism B. altruism C. apathea D. ethical egoism

Ans: B

63. Whose ethical perspective speaks directly to values of workers and values of organizations? A. Burns B. Heifetz C. Greenleaf D. Mathews

Ans: B

69. Virtue-based ethical theories ______. A. focus on the actions of leaders B. are about the leader's character C. are duty driven D. focus on the consequences of leader actions

Ans: B

7. How many stages are there in the conventional morality level of Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6

Ans: B

70. The five principles of ethical leadership can be traced back to ______. A. King George III B. Aristotle C. Julius Caesar D. Christopher Columbus

Ans: B

71. According to the textbook author, one cannot be a leader without being ______. A. focused on winning B. aware of one's values C. experienced in using authority D. in a position of power

Ans: B

73. Most research on leadership ethics has been done in the Western world and in Anglo-American countries. This is ______. A. a strength of modern day leadership understanding B. a criticism of research on leadership ethics C. a falsehood D. irrelevant because ethics are common and universal

Ans: B

80. Cecil is a leader who attracts a lot of attention, is self-absorbed, and focuses on negativity. Valerie supports Cecil and has been described as ambitious and opportunistic. Valerie is most likely which kind of follower? A. conformer B. colluder C. conspirator D. charismatic

Ans: B

10. Group norms affect my moral decisions because I want to be seen as "good." I am at what stage of moral development? A. social contract and individual rights stage B. individualism and exchange stage C. interpersonal accord and conformity stage D. maintaining social order stage

Ans: C

12. I make moral decisions based on my views of what a good society should be like. This good society means I support the values of society like fair procedures for changing laws while recognizing that groups differ and we should agree on these laws. Which stages are in the post-conventional level? A. maintaining the social order B. interpersonal accord and conformity C. social contract and individual rights D. individualism and exchange

Ans: C

13. Kohlberg's Model of Moral Development has been criticized for ______. A. focusing exclusively on individualistic viewpoints of moral development B. focusing on moral development, which is not ethical development C. the non-inclusive subject sample used in developing the model D. the authoritative nature of the stages

Ans: C

14. Which level of Kohlberg's Model of Moral Development demonstrates reasoning based on conscience and creating a just society? A. Level 1 B. Level 2 C. Level 3 D. Level 4

Ans: C

15. When studying ethics and leadership, ethical theories fall into which two broad domains? A. conduct and behavior B. behavior and traits C. character and conduct D. character and traits

Ans: C

2. The study of theoretical formulations of leadership ethics ______. A. has existed for centuries B. is described by Kohlberg C. is a new topic of scholarly research D. was started by Greek philosophers

Ans: C

26. The Heifetz perspective of ethical leadership suggests that it is up to the leader to provide a trusting, empathic "holding environment" for followers to feel safe while confronting difficult problems. This concept is also part of which leadership theory? A. leader-MEMBER EXCHANGE B. path-goal C. adaptive D. servant

Ans: C

28. The "dark side" of leadership presented in the ethics chapter of the text is closely related to which component of transformational leadership? A. transactional B. individualized consideration C. pseudotransformational D. management by exception-passive

Ans: C

31. I am smart to use my natural appeal on my followers so that I advance my personal agenda. I would be considered ______. A. a collaborative leader B. an ethical altruistic leader C. a destructive leader D. a utilitarian leader

Ans: C

36. In which ethical leadership principle does the leader place issues of fairness at the center of their decision making? A. manifests honesty B. builds community C. shows justice D. respects others

Ans: C

41. Which ethical leadership principle resembles the main focus of the servant leadership approach? A. respects others B. builds community C. serves others D. manifests honesty

Ans: C

51. Ethical theories fall within two broad domains: ______. A. consequences and duty B. ethical and unethical C. conduct and character D. duty based and virtue based

Ans: C

54. The five principles of ethical leadership include all of the following except ______. A. respects others B. manifests honesty C. acts courageously D. shows justice

Ans: C

57. All of the following are ways ethical leaders build community except by ______. A. searching for goals that are compatible with everyone B. being attentive to cultural values C. keeping social collectives exclusive D. establishing higher and broader moral purposes

Ans: C

58. Giving an employee a merit-based pay raise is an example of ______. A. respect B. service C. distributive justice D. altruism

Ans: C

64. Whose perspective has strong altruistic ethical overtones and was discussed in the servant leadership chapter? A. Heifetz B. Burns C. Greenleaf D. Mathews

Ans: C

66. The ethics theory that is high in self-interest and low in concern for others is ______. A. utilitarianism B. apathea C. ethical egoism D. altruism

Ans: C

72. Measuring ethical leadership by using surveys to collect self-reported scores is ______. A. the only reliable and valid way to measure ethics B. prone to skewing results in a negative direction C. susceptible to social desirability bias and inflated scores D. unheard of in social science research

Ans: C

76. Research by Bedi and colleagues found that a leader's ethical behavior tends to correlate positively with ______. A. the number of decisions leaders make B. ratings of reward power C. followers' ethical behavior D. scores on narcissism scales

Ans: C

77. When research found that among a sample of leaders in journalism there was evidence of respect for others, concern for harm, and proactive social engagement, it suggested those studied were at the ______. A. low stage of moral development B. mid stage of moral development C. high stage of moral development D. fault line of moral development

Ans: C

11. I adhere to the laws and rules of the organizational community at work. I make decisions based on my concern for the society and our organization as a whole. I am at what stage of moral development? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

Ans: D

17. Which conduct domain ethical approach is most closely related to transactional leadership theories? A. virtue-based B. utilitarianism C. altruism D. ethical egoism

Ans: D

18. My health care insurance company puts small co-payment fees on drugs that many people use and much higher fees for experimental drugs that only rarely are needed by individuals on our health care insurance plan. My company is applying which ethical theory? A. ethical egoism B. deontological theory C. virtue-based theory D. utilitarianism

Ans: D

21. The teleological ethical theories are grouped together because "what is right?" is answered by looking at ______. A. character B. rules C. Duty D. outcomes

Ans: D

23. Which group of ethical theories focuses on who the leaders are as people? A. deontological B. teleological C. altruism D. virtue-based

Ans: D

24. Ethics is central to leadership because of ______. A. the goals dimension of leadership in which the leader decides group goals B. the nature of leadership being leader centered C. the egoism necessary in leaders to make moral decisions D. the influence dimension of leadership which has an impact on the lives of followers

Ans: D

29. Schyns and Schilling found destructive leadership is strongly correlated to ______. A. followers behaviors becoming toxic B. collaborative teams being unproductive C. other leaders in the organization developing toxic behaviors D. negative follower attitudes toward their jobs and organizations

Ans: D

32. Destructive leadership thrives in environments that are ______. A. stable B. ethical C. utilitarian D. unstable

Ans: D

34. Which ethical leadership principle is described as being the leaders' duty to treat others as ends in themselves and never as means to an end? A. serves others B. builds community C. shows justice D. respects others

Ans: D

4. The set of rules or principles that guides us in making decisions about right or wrong is called ______. A. moral theory B. ethical dilemmas C. ethical decision-making process D. ethical theory

Ans: D

42. One of my employees works harder and logs more overtime and consistently works weekends when needed compared with any of the other staff in our department. If I choose to promote her instead of her coworkers based on her hard work, I am using which principle of distributive justice? A. according to individual need B. according to societal contribution C. according to personal rights D. according to individual effort

Ans: D

44. Which of the following is a criticism of ethical leadership? A. It contains research on a topic that is timely in the public's eye. B. It is unreasonable to expect high levels of ethics in our leaders. C. There is substantial recent research on ethics and leadership. D. The ethics and leadership writings come from only a few scholars.

Ans: D

45. Ethical leadership involves influence that is central to the leadership process. This means ______. A. the ethics of the leader are the ethics of followers B. the process of leadership happens in a one-way environment C. ethical organizations can maintain good outcomes with a few unethical leaders D. leaders have enormous ethical responsibility for how they affect others

Ans: D

46. Teleological theories include all of the following except ______. A. ethical egoism B. utilitarianism C. altruism D. ethical egalitarianism

Ans: D

48. A leader's respect for others is not shown by ______. A. listening closely to subordinates B being empathic C. being tolerant of opposing points of view D. being apathetic

Ans: D

56. Which of the following is not a reason why ethics is central to leadership? A. the process of influence B. the impact leaders have on establishing the organization's values C. the need to engage followers to accomplish mutual goals D. the existence of bottom-up communication

Ans: D

60. The Greek term meaning "excellence" that is associated with ethics theories is ______. A. mechane B. apathea C. pathos D. aretaic

Ans: D

65. Andy owns Islander Surfboard Inc. In the past, Andy has always given his employees bonuses during the holidays if they reached certain sales goals. This year, even though the company is thriving, he decided to cut bonuses from employees and award them to himself instead. What ethical theory of leadership is Andy following? A. altruism B. ethical egoism C. utilitarianism D. none. This is an unethical decision.

Ans: D

67. Which of the following is not listed as a principle of distributive justice? A. according to merit or performance B. according to individual effort C. an equal share or opportunity D. according to personal commitment

Ans: D

74. Recent research by Anderson and colleagues suggests that Millennials ______. A. share the same ethical perspective as older workplace generations B. put work first over all else, viewing workplace ethics as paramount C. are so focused on intrinsic rewards that they are not susceptible to unethical behavior D. are less likely to seek guidance from their leader when making an ethical decision

Ans: D

78. Research on ethics and the Millennial generation underscores the notion that ______. A. older workers and younger workers have virtually the same values B. younger workers have not had a developmental opportunity to consider morals C. ethical perspectives have remained static for hundreds of years D. ethical perspectives can change over time and research needs to keep up

Ans: D

9. I want to do what is best for myself, and I am willing to bargain with others for favors that I offer to provide in return in the future. I am at what stage of moral development? A. obedience and punishment stage B. conventional morality stage C. interpersonal accord and conformity stage D. individualism and exchange stage

Ans: D

T/F 1. Concern about the ethics of leaders is a relatively recent phenomenon.

Ans: F

T/F 10. An altruistic leader acts so as to create the greatest good for herself or himself.

Ans: F

T/F 3. Deontological theory focuses primarily on the consequences (ends or purposes) of an individual's actions.

Ans: F

T/F 4. The ethics of leaders have little impact on the ethical climate of their organizations.

Ans: F

T/F 5. Virtue-based theories of ethics focus on the conduct of leaders rather than who they are as people.

Ans: F

T/F 9. Ethical egoism is concerned with doing the greatest good for the greatest number.

Ans: F

T/F 2. Ethical theory provides a system of rules or principles that guide us in making decisions about what is right or wrong.

Ans: T

T/F 6. Heifetz and Burns believe that the leader-follower relationship is central to ethical leadership.

Ans: T

T/F 7. The two major domains of ethical theory are conduct and character.

Ans: T

T/F 8. The influence dimension of leadership places an enormous ethical burden on leaders.

Ans: T

19. I base my corporate decisions on what creates the greatest good for the greatest number of people. I am applying which ethical theory? A. utilitarianism B. duty-based theory C. virtue-based theory D. ethical egoism

Ans: A

22. I consistently tell the truth and am fair with my employees. Furthermore, I feel a strong moral obligation to make decisions that do not infringe on the rights of my staff. I am applying the concepts of which ethical theory? A. deontological B. teleological C. altruism D. virtue-based

Ans: A

25. Heifetz's perspective on ethical leadership is ______. A. values-based B. duty-based C. charisma-based D. philosophy-based

Ans: A

3. What did the group of leadership scholars from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation examine? A. how leadership theory and practice could be used to build a more just society B. how leadership ethical theory correlates with virtuousness C. how moral dilemmas are different from ethical temptations D. how ethical dilemmas are different from moral temptations

Ans: A

30. The toxic triangle by Padilla et al. describes the interrelationships between ______. A. destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments B. destructive leaders, conforming followers, and stable environments C. conforming leaders, destructive followers, and unstable environments D. colluding followers, destructive leaders, and stable environments

Ans: A

35. Which ethical leadership principle is a clear example of altruism? A. serves others B. builds community C. shows justice D. respects others

Ans: A

39. As a leader, I listen closely to my followers' beliefs, values, and attitudes and allow them to use their creativity as I nurture their work. I am using which ethical leadership principle? A. respects others B. builds community C. shows justice D. manifests honesty

Ans: A

47. Greenleaf's theory of servant leadership ______. A. says leaders should be concerned with society's "have-nots" B. was based on studies of university professors and students C. requires a strict delineation of servant-leader roles D. was influenced by the writings of Ronald Heifetz

Ans: A

55. Ethics ______. A. focuses on the virtuousness of individuals and their motives B. is a derivative of the Greek word pathos C. is primarily concerned with an organization's goals D. is a derivative of the Greek word logos

Ans: A

6. In which level of moral development is an individual who judges morality actions by their direct consequences? A. pre-conventional morality B. conventional morality C. post-conventional morality D. universal morality

Ans: A

62. Which scholar holds that it is the leader's role to raise followers to a higher level of morality? A. Burns B. Heifetz C. Greenleaf D. Mathews

Ans: A

68. A leader that takes a political stand on an issue for no other reason than to get re-elected is using which ethical theory? A. ethical egoism B. utilitarianism C. altruism D. collectivism

Ans: A

75. When Wilson and McCalman argued that leadership for the greater good is ultimately where ethical leadership ought to be directed, they were underscoring which principle of ethical leadership? A. builds community B. respects others C. manifests honesty d .shows justice

Ans: A

79. Donna is a personally-focused, destructive leader. One of her subordinates, Michael, goes along with Donna's decisions and supports her. Michael has been described as immature and needy. Which type of susceptible follower is Michael? A. conformer B. colluder C. conspirator D. charismatic

Ans: A

8. I make a moral decision based on whether or not I will be punished. I am at what stage of moral development? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

Ans: A

1. The ethical issues presented in the leadership ethics chapter ______. A. provide a model of ethical leadership theory B. provide a guide to ethical issues in leadership situations C. constitute a leadership ethics theory D. are clear prescriptions for leading ethically

Ans: B

16. Character is described as an ethical theory domain that ______. A. includes ethical egoism B. is focused on virtue C. emphasizes what people do D. is a teleological theory

Ans: B

20. When I approach decisions and take action based on what is in the best interest of others, I am applying which ethical theory? A. utilitarianism B. altruism C. virtue-based theory D. ethical egoism

Ans: B

27. Burns's perspective on ethical leadership stems from his work in which other theory? A. leader-member exchange B. transformational C. adaptive D. servant

Ans: B

33. Which of the following is not a principle of ethical leadership? A. service B. sociability C. justice D. community

Ans: B

37. Which ethical leadership principle is about telling the truth and being open with others to represent reality as fully and completely as possible? A. serves others B. manifests honesty C. shows justice D. respects others

Ans: B

38. Having a common goal that both the leader and followers agree on is central to which ethical leadership principle? A. serves others B. builds community C. shows JUSTICE D. respects others

Ans: B