Leadership Final

Leadership development is enhanced when experience involves which of the three process?

Action, observation, and reflection

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning active listening?

Active listeners do not disrupt the sender's message and will try to put the sender's message into their own words and scan the sender for various nonverbal signals.

Which of the following statements is correct about action learning?

All three statements about action learning are true.

Leaders and followers who posses higher levels of ____________ intelligence tend to be quick learners and have the ability to make accurate deductions, assumptions and inferences with relatively unfamiliar information.

Analytical

Which of the groups below is not a basic type of folllowership?

Animated followers

_______ is the process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors.

Attribution

Stress is the process by which we perceive and respond to situations that challenge us. Which of the following is not suggested as an effective stress management tool?

Avoiding exercise late in the day

When considering the difference in a manager and a leader, leaders are more often associated with

Change

Which theory explains the interesting relationships between leader intelligence and experience levels and group performance in stressful versus nonstressful conditions?

Cognitive resources theory

Which of the following statements about defensiveness is false?

Defensiveness is an unnatural reaction when we are criticized.

While all of these steps is necessary, which of the steps must first be accomplished when conducting a meeting?

Determining if a meeting is necessary

Which of the following is not one of the four biases identified through research to have a pervasive and corrosive effect on our moral decision making?

Discrimination

Which of the following phrases best characterizes "end-based thinking"?

Do what's best for the greatest number of people

Which of the following statements is true?

Effective leaders intuitively realize they need more than legitimate power to be successful.

The monikers leader and manager are vastly different in scope. Which of the following descriptions most frequently is associated with manager?

Efficiency

According to the textbook authors, which of the following in not a core component of the complex phenomenon called leadership?

Environmental disaster

While each of the following components are valuable to the development of one's leadership ability, making the most of ____ is the key.

Experience

Which type of power is a function of the amount of knowledge one possesses relative to the rest of the members of the group?

Expert

Individuals with high technical skills are seldom a member of a leader's in-group if they have weak interpersonal skills.

False

Which of the following is a myth associated with leadership development?

Good leaders are born with the traits and abilities which make them successful leaders.

Many aspects of office arrangements can impact the power of a leader or a follower. Which of the following statements is true in relation to this?

Individuals sittings at the ends of rectangular tables frequently wield more power.

Which of the following examples is an attribution of blame?

Individuals try to justify immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions.

Which of the following actions might be part of a GAPS initiative to help an Individual become a subject matter expert?

Ingratiation to the individuals who are ranked higher within the organization

Intelligence is a person's all-around effectiveness in activities directed by thought. Which of the following is also true of intelligence?

Intelligence can be modified through education and experience.

Managers who send inconsistent signals create conflict. Which term below best describes the conflict in the following situation. Supervisor while handing you a set of files: "I need this report back in 30 minutes and it had better be perfect."

Intrasender-role conflict

Which of the following statements concerning power and influence is incorrect?

Leaders in well-functioning organizations are not influenced by their followers.

Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is false?

Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic.

Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning practical intelligence (aka "street smarts")?

Lower levels of analytical intelligence may be compensated for by having higher levels of practical intelligence.

Which of the following is a conventional distinction between managers and leaders?

Managers maintain while leaders develop.

Which term refers to a process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues?

Mentoring

As is glaringly evident by leadership failures in business and government, which set of leaders truly performs bust under stressful conditions?

More experienced leaders

Which of the following statements regarding 360-degree feedback systems is not true?

Most 360-degree feedback systems are designed to make comparisons between people

Which of the following statements concerning intelligence is accurate?

Most research shows that leaders possess higher levels of analytical intelligence than the general population.

Which of the following is not included in the "fronts" of leadership required to establish an ethical climate?

Multi-tasking ability

Which term refers to the phenomenon that occurs when a highly cohesive group has members who overstep their boundaries -- perhaps even violating laws -- to please the leaders?

Ollieism

_______ affect(s) all three phases of the action-observation-reflection model and thus plays a very important role in what anyone will extract from a leadership course.

Perception

What type of power is used to influence followers who have developed a close interpersonal relationships with their leaders?

Referent

Which term refers to the situation in which one's expectations (efficacy) or predictions -- often referred to as efficacy -- help determine the very results predicted?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following refers to the tendency to make external attributions for one's own failures yet make internal attributions for one's successes?

Self-serving bias

Which term refers to a kind of learning between the individual and the environment in which learners seek and receive relatively little feedback?

Single-loop learning

_______ is inovlved in the service of higher goals to others and organizations and often involves self-sacrifice toward those ends.

Socialized power

Relationships are fundamental to a leader's success. Which of the following is the best way to build relationships?

Spending time listening to what the followers have to say

Which of the following is not one of the types of intelligence identified in the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

Strategic intelligence

Sigmund Freud believed that the intraphsychic tensions among the id, ego and _____ caused one to behave in characteristic ways even if the real motives behind the behaviors were unknown to the person.

Superego

Which of the following statements regarding listening is not accurate?

The best listeners are passive listeners.

Which of the following is accurate about a leader who employs the Theory Y approach?

The leader believes followers are intrinsically motivated by their work.

The end result of leadership as opposed to management is

The process of coordinating the work of group members.

According to the textbook, which of the following is a comprehensive and helpful characterization of leadership?

The process of influencing an organized group towards accomplishing its goals.

Managers with this particular orientation rely heavily on coercive and external-control methods to motivate workers. This includes such enticements as punishment and threats.

Theory X

Which of the following statements is true regarding coalition tactics?

They are used when a lader seeks the aid of followers to influence others.

Keeping a journal is recommended as a method to analyze events from different perspectives and increases the likelihood that leaders will do so effectively.

True

Research has shown that some people become derailed because they are reluctant to adapt to superiors who have leadership styles that are different from their own.

True

Which of the following is not an example of a "10% stretch" behavior?

Using a motivational practice that has been very successful in the past

Which of the following phrases does not describe the leadership pipeline?

a model that lists the community of followers prepared for leadership roles

The characteristics of reality testing, flexibility and problem solving are associated with an individuals' ____________.

adaptability

Which term refers to an effort to attain objectives by attacking or hurting others?

aggression

Leadership is

an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they desire to do so.

Which of the following skills category is comprised of competencies concerned with analyzing issues, making decisions, financial savvy and strategic thinking?

business skills category

Which analysis system below uses a graphic approach to systematically reps rent the root causes of a problem, the relationships between different causes, and sometimes includes a prioritization of the causes that are most important?

cause-and-effect diagrams

The degree to which someone tells others something and ensure that they understand what was said is called ____

communication effectiveness

Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging do so through ________

compelling vision

Which of the following dimensions comprise the Leadership Grid?

concern for people and concern for production

Which of the following refers to how much a leader is friendly and supportive towards followers?

consideration

Which of the following leadership dimensions were identified by the Ohio State Studies?

consideration and initiating structure

Most intelligence and aptitude tests are good examples of ________.

convergent thinking

Which of the following is not a source for 360-degree feedback?

customers

Which term refers to making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria such as work group or organizational goals?

effectiveness

Which of the following leadership terms bust refers to the competency of helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that results in effective action?

framing

Which term below describes the mental block that psychologists claim stems from the inability or difficulty seeing fresh uses for familiar things create?

functional fixedness

In the realm of organizational leaders, those in the community or public domain different from those in the private sector most in that they _____

have access to fewer resources.

Leaders following the authentic leadership approach

have realistic self-perceptions

Which of the following refers to one person's actual behaviors designed to change another person's attitudes, beliefs, value or behaviors?

influence tactics

According to the systems view of communication, which of the following is the correct sequence of events?

intention, expression, reception, interpretation, feedback, new intentions

Which of the following skills and behaviors do not involve interacting with others and the among the most difficult to change?

intrapersonal

Which of the following is consider a motivator according to Herzberg's Two Factor Theory?

job security NOT the work itself pay coworkers

To which of the following leadership behavior dimensions do goal emphasis and work facilitation belong?

job-centered

Which component of assertiveness skills is concerned with knowing when to behave assertively and when to refrain from such behavior?

knowledge

Which of the following best describes the application of work facilitation?

leaders acquiring and allocating resources

Which approach below is not mentioned by the textbook as a way to increase assertiveness?

learn to say yes

Leaders often need to find ways to resolve problems when followers invoke bureaucratic rules. When this occurs, it can be said that followers have successfully used which type of power to influence the leader?

legitimate

There is a strong tendency for people to resort to _____ whenever they have an advantage in clout if other tactics fail to produce the desired results.

legitimizing tactics

Which term refers to the behavior of reinterpretting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose?

moral justification

Which term below refers to any element that provides direction, intensity and/or persistence to behavior?

motivation

Consider terrorists who refer to themselves as "freedom fighters" or to a workplace supervisor who rather than firing a person says he is "letting him go." Which of the following terms best characterizes these expressions?

not advantageous comparison

When a leader has demonstrated empathy with followers, it indicates that the leader

not demonstrates commitment to higher principles through actions.

Which term refers to the behavior of minimizing individual moral responsibility for collective action that is encountered most when group decision making is in progress?

not distortion of consequences

Influence is which of the following?

not the capacity to produce efforts on others

Functional, interdependent roles are characteristic of which stage of team development?

performing

Which of the following is an intrinsic reward?

personal growth

Research findings by French and Raven found that many leaders who relied primarily on _____ and _____ power had followers who were more motivated and satisfied. Thus the followers were absent less frequently and outperformed others.

referent; expert

Key characteristics such as self-control, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, adaptability and innovation correspond with _____.

self-regulation

Which of the following best describes the scope of mobilization?

strategic, planned purposeful activity to achieve clearly defined outcomes

Which of the following best defines the skill of building social capital?

the power of relationships shared between individuals

Which of the following best describes moral reasoning?

the process leaders use to make decisions about ethical and unethical behaviors

People typically use ingratiation when

they will personally benefit if the attempt is successful.

Which answer below contains the two components that together create credibility?

trust and expertise

Which of the following is not a method for a leader to improve communication skills?

using constructive wit and sarcasm

What is the term used to describe the constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important?

values

Leadership gurus Bennis and Goldsmith suggested four quality of leadership that engender trust. Which of the following are those four qualities?

vision, empathy, consistency and integrity

In which of the following environments, according to research, is follower satisfaction likely to be highest?

when leaders demonstrate a high level of consideration (for followers)