leading marine leader ship tools

LISTENING

important skill that fosters the coaching relationship, enabling a level of mutual trust and respect to be gained.

POSITIVE COUNSELING

•Acknowledges good performance and/or adherence to expected standards •Can be formal during 30 day counseling or informal verbal accolade •Example: Marine receives praise for outstanding inspection results

Coaching relationships require

•Collaboration Both members are partners in the junior Marine's development. •Respect Mutual appreciation of the coach's knowledge and the Marine's investment of time and energy is required. •Responsiveness Be sensitive and responsive to the goals, needs, and perspectives of each member. •Confidentiality Support the ability to be forthcoming in difficult conversations.

MCDP1 further defines the two fundamentals of trust as follows

•Confidence, which is demonstrated through a leader's professional skill, reliability, knowledge level, and judgment. It is an essential leadership responsibility to provide guidance to your Marine based on their learning needs and development areas. A leader is responsible for being the expert in this relationship or helping the Marine find the appropriate expert. •Familiarity, which is gained through shared experience and a common professional philosophy: training as a team, keeping your Marines informed, and developing a sense of responsibility to one another. Familiarity will come with spending time getting to know your Marines discussing your interests, struggles, histories, passions, and aspirations. The process of getting to know your Marines will help you gain a better understanding of what each person in the group wants to accomplish through the relationship and determine how you might work together to accomplish this.

METHODS

•Counseling which ensures Marines are on track for success to be both technically and professionally competent. •Coaching which ensures Marines continue toward increasing their personal development and that of their subordinate Marines. •Mentoring which is an important source of encouragement and perspective, providing depth to the experiences of being a Marine.

QUESTIONING

•Elicit details, clarifications, or examples •Challenge assumptions •Stimulate individuals to think in new ways •Build clear and direct communication •Reinforce information presented •Hold the listener's attention

COUNSELLING

•Establishes goals and expectations of performance •Focuses on the past performance of the junior Marine and how to maintain or improve it in the future •Transmits guidance and direction •Communicates established standards •Helps the junior Marine achieve the highest possible level of performance

RELATIONSHIPS

•Occur at every level •Occur in any circumstance •Benefit all parties involved •Augment the transformation of followers into leaders

Marine Corps Manual

•Set the example •Seek responsibility, take responsibility for your action •Be technically and tactically proficient •Know your self and seek self-improvement •Know your Marines and look out for their welfare •Ensure tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished •Keep your Marines informed •Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities

Which leadership interaction is an integral function of day-to-day leadership?

Coaching

BENEFITS OF COACHING

Coaching is defined as a process of on going observation and encouragement of a Marine's personal and professional growth ------------------- • It is integral within daily operations. • Feedback is continuously provided on an informal basis. • Developmental goals are set, documented, and communicated. • With the focus on development vice performance, coaching is not part of a Marine's evaluation.

Which of the following statements about active listening is correct?

Active listening includes repeating back what you've heard to confirm a common understanding.

TYPES OF COUNSELING

- Directive: directive approach, the senior carries the ball, analyzing the situation, developing a solution or a plan for improvement, and telling the junior what to do. When questioning is used with directive counseling, closed-ended questions will be asked to elicit yes or no responses. (Senior Center) - Non-directive: the senior asks open-ended questions, listens, and draws the junior out. The senior helps the junior to analyze the situation and to develop the solution or plan for improvement (junior center), junior is encouraged to talk, to be trouble free, and to have a clear mind while the senior helps the junior, mostly by listening. help the junior become more mature and to develop personal resources. - Collaborative: both the directive and nondirective techniques. It offers the senior greater flexibility. It promotes joint diagnosis. The junior and the senior work as a team to diagnose and solve the junior's problem. This approach can succeed if the junior accepts the senior and is eager to solve the problem. With the collaborative counseling approach, the senior may emphasize directive or nondirective approaches, depending on the subject of the discussion, the purpose in mind, and the sense of how well the discussion is going.

COUNSELLING

- Imperative to manage the expectations of the Marine. Every Marine wants to know where they stand and what is expected of them ------------------------- •Establishes the seniors expectations •Establishes the billets within the unit assigned to the Marine •Establishes goals to be met before next scheduled counseling •Prevents against surprises on performance evaluations •Is used to develop Marines to their highest potential •Involves two-way communication •Merges personal and organizational values •Supports and reinforces good performance •Identifies and corrects deficiencies

A Marine receiving correction from his superior as a result of a failed expectation is an example of ________ counseling. A Marine receiving praise for good performance or adherence to expected standards is an example of _______ counseling.

- Negative - Positive

A senior using questioning to encourage the junior to talk while the senior mostly listens, also known as "junior centered," is an example of ________ counseling. A Marine receiving praise for good performance is an example of _______ counseling.

- Non-directive - Positive

INFORMAL COUNSELING

- Performance-based interaction between the senior and junior Marine, which occurs outside the formal counseling environment - Simplest and most common form of informal counseling occurs every day, and in every place Marines live, train, and operate - Informal counseling is more frequent, unscheduled, and event-driven, and it occurs outside the formal counseling environment.

The counseling process involves supporting and ________ good performance as well as identifying and ________ deficiencies.

- Reinforcing - Correcting

Initial counseling

- Required to be conducted within 30 days of a new senior/junior relationship, with follow-on counseling occurring every 30 days for private through lance corporal, and for corporal through general the second session will be 90 days following the initial counseling and every 180 days afterwards.

FORMAL COUNSELING

- The senior Marine describes their personal expectations, those of the unit, and those of the Marine Corp, also explain the requirements for successful job performance. - Formal counseling is a planned, organized session based on Marine Corps policy, focusing on overall performance. Good leaders use counseling as a regular part of normal interaction between seniors and juniors, used to reward, correct, and develop.

NEGATIVE COUNSELING

- normally the result of a failed expectation. A failed expectation requires immediate correction and compliance. Usually informal and directive in nature, but can be formal. And does not always result in an adverse performance evaluation, unless the failed expectation remains uncorrected. -Can occur after a standard is taught, understood, and subsequently ignored. Seniors have little tolerance for non-compliance, and if a junior is non-compliant, negative counseling will ensue. Example: not being at your appointed place of duty at the appointed time, failing to get a haircut, not shaving, or failing to render appropriate courtesies.

COUNSELING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

---------Counseling: •Occurs as needed (formal and informal). •Is conducted by the senior Marine to correct deficiencies, transmit guidance, and shape future performance. •Considers the past, but only as a means of directing attention to improving performance --------Performance evaluation: •Is always formal in nature. •Conducted at set periodic timelines by the chain of command to document performance and uncorrected deficiencies. •Focuses primarily on observed past performance

Lance corporals and below should receive an initial counseling approximately _____ days after the start of the senior/junior relationship and follow-on sessions every _____ days, or more frequently if necessary.

-30 -30

Lance corporals and below should receive an initial counseling approximately ________ days after the start of the senior/junior relationship and follow-on sessions every _______ days.

-30 -30

PROVIDING FEEDBACK

-Coaching feedback, it is delivered in an informal manner

Coaching relationships require which of the following? Select all that apply

-Collaboration -Respect

What factors influence a coaching relationship? Select all that apply.

-Collaboration -Respect

Which of the following are evaluation tools used during performance coaching? Select all that apply

-Corrects errors on the spot -Provides help when needed -Focuses on critical details

All Marines are ____________ to seek out a mentor, as mentors are sources of encouragement and ___________.

-Encouraged -perspective

________ counseling does not always result in an substandard performance evaluation unless the failed expectation remains uncorrected.

-Negative

When used as an evaluation tool, coaching accomplishes which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Prevents negative learning -Improves speed -Provides immediate feedback

Which of the following describes the purpose of counseling?

-To develop Marines to their highest potential - To establish the senior Marine's expectations of the junior Marine - To merge personal and organizational values to achieve or maintain the highest level of performance

COACHING

-occurs daily in our place of duty whether in garrison or the field when transferring a knowledge or skill to enhance or strengthen an individual and unit.

FEEDBACK

Coaching is the most powerful tool a leader has to improve performance. It permits immediate correction of a mistake and prevents negative learning. Coaches/leaders watch every action performed by Marines and provide tips to ensure that Marines, crews, and units learn correctly ---------------- •Corrects errors on the spot •Provides help when needed •Focuses on critical details •Prevents negative learning •Improves speed of comprehension •Provides immediate feedback --------------- It is important to provide feedback as soon as Marines need help and before they become frustrated or confused. While Marines are practicing tasks, leaders use coaching to focus on fine points that improve speed and quality of performance. Leaders use coaching to help Marines perform daily operational jobs and tasks.

FORMAL AND INFORMAL

Counseling and coaching may be formal or informal; furthermore, they may be directed or as needed. The level of formality relates to the context of the event and the type of interaction. ------------------------- •Counseling is typically the most formal. •Coaching is less structured and occurs daily. •Mentoring is voluntary and less formal. -------------------------- •Is a voluntary and informal relationship •Often occurs outside the chain of command •May be initiated by either senior or subordinate •Endures beyond a tour of duty •Is an important source of encouragement and perspective

Which leadership interaction establishes expectations of performance?

Counselling

Which type of leadership interaction is considered the most formal?

Counselling

When used by the Marine being coached, questioning is useful to

Gain insight's into their individual developmental need

COACHING

Generally an informal process by which the coach (someone with more experience) provides the coached (someone with less experience) with assistance in learning how to better accomplish a task •Designed to improve a Marine's ability to accomplish a task or complete an event •Part of daily operations •The most common form of leadership interaction as it occurs at every level and in every condition where an individual Marine provides another, or group of others, with the benefit of his or her experience. -Enhances an individual's potential, which improves their performance -utilizes hard skills (setting standards and reviewing performance) and soft skills (recognizing talent and developing potential).

MENTORING

Less formal process than coaching and counseling and provides the Marine with a greater depth of knowledge, experience, or maturity as a result of the guidance of the mentor ------------------- •Is a voluntary, developmental relationship between an experienced person and one of lesser experience •Is characterized by mutual trust and respect •Often occurs outside the chain of command •Can be Initiated by either the senior or the junior •Typically endures beyond a single tour of duty --------------------------- when a SNCO has a professional relationship with a subordinate, where he or she provides advice based on experience, training, and military education. This relationship often begins within the chain of command, but continues after either Marine is reassigned ----------------------- •Helps or guides in developing a subordinate Marine's maturity and can be viewed as a career advisor •Provides shared experiences to help younger Marines frame their perception of their chosen profession •Provides Marines with insight from experiences beyond their own

Which leadership interaction is the cornerstone of General Lejeune's "teacher/scholar" model of interaction between senior and junior Marines?

Mentoring

ROLE MODELING

Of the leadership tools/techniques that develop and practice hands-on leadership skills, nothing can compare to experience. ------------------- •Coaching on-the-job performance prepares and equips leaders to perform the leadership tasks associated with developing subordinates. •Marines learn significantly by observing a technically proficient leader.

Of the leadership tools/techniques that develop and practice hands-on leadership skills, __________ ___________ prepares or equips leaders to perform leadership tasks associated with the development of subordinates?

On-the-job performance

DIRECTED (PLANNED) AND AD HOC (UNPLANNED)

The Marine Corps directs when specific counseling events occur. Following a first counseling within (30 days) of joining a unit ---------------------------- •Lance corporals and below are to be counseled every 30 days. •All other Marines are to be counseled a second time within 90 days and subsequently counseled every 6 months following.

What is the purpose of the Marine Corps counseling program?

To develop a Marine to their highest potential

The Marine Corps Manual states the objective of Marine Corps leadership

To develop the leadership qualities of Marines to enable them to assume progressively greater responsibilities in the Marine Corps and society. It further states an individual's responsibility for leadership is not dependent upon authority and Marines are expected to exert proper influence upon their comrades.

The Marine Corps Manual states that the objective of Marine Corps leadership is to develop the leadership qualities of Marines to enable them to assume progressively greater responsibilities in the Marine Corps and society.

True

The Marine Corps fosters an environment that promotes personal and professional growth through the exchange of information, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. Your answer: (not answered

True

The trio of leadership interactions (counseling, coaching, and mentoring) serve to perpetuate the values and ethos of the Marine Corps?

True

COUNSELING

a directed task that IS led by the senior Marine in a relationship. Effective counseling is performed both formally and informally and requires two-way communication. Whether formal or informal

COUNSELING EXAMPLE: MONTHLY PERFORMANCE

means to establish and reiterate the standards of performance expected of each Marine and to provide feedback directed toward continued development. -------------------------- •Are regularly scheduled and conducted. •Occur with each Marine for which the leader is directly responsible. •Support communication and understanding between senior and junior. •Establish standards of performance expected to improve unit readiness and individual development.

METORING

occur on an informal basis whether planned or unplanned. This enables a Marine with trusted relationship that can clarify perspectives, and provide direction in setting and accomplishing performance goals.

RELATIONSHIPS: COACHING

provides Marines with the opportunity to create and sustain their own development opportunities; accept responsibility for their performance; and build stronger skills, abilities, and unit cohesion. ------------- identifies strengths and developmental needs, and provides insight or suggestions on how to build knowledge and skills. ------------ continually communicates, elicits feedback, and self reflects to improve upon or develop new behaviors ---------------- helps a Marine move to a desired state of performance. It provides flexible guidance that focuses on a Marine's strengths and opportunities to succeed.

COMMUNICATING

should be practiced as it removes confusion, reduces frustration, and enables understanding. ------------ The effectiveness of leading, working as a team, or building trust rely on an individual's ability to communicate