Learn English(1)

demise

(n)the end of the operation or existence of something: Huge corporate farms have led to the demise of many small, family-owned farms. sb's demise: the death of a person

belie

(v)contradict; give a false impression; disguise: The poor sales belied our high hopes Her smile belies her true feeling of displeasure.

hallucinate

(v)experiencing a seemingly real perception of something that is not actually present, typically as a result of a mental disorder or of taking drugs hallucination(n)

brim

(v)fill or be full to the point of overflowing: Her eyes brimmed with tears when she heard that he was alive.

envisage

(v)forsee, to imagine or expect something in the future.

reap

(v)harvest, gather(e.g. a grain crop), or to get the advantages of a particular situation: reap (the) benefits/rewards (of sth)

enjoin

(v)instruct or urge (someone) to do something Witnesses are enjoined to be responsive when giving testimony.

reiterate

(v)to say again, repeat, restate

proponent

(n)advocate, supporter #opponent

affidavit

(n)a written statement made by someone who has sworn to tell the truth, which might be used in a court of law

advent

(n)arrival, appearance, emergence: operative techniques greatly improved with the advent of anesthesia the inevitable advent of his death:

naval

(n)belly button

turmoil

(n)chaos, confusion, mayhem The whole region is in turmoil.

pediatrician

(n)children's doctor

apparel

(n)clothing high-end apparel shops children's/women's apparel

red tape

(n)complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done We must cut through the red tape.

equanimity

(n)composure; calmness

disrepute

(n)disgrace, loss of reputation ...., to allow the prosecutions to proceed would bring the administration of justice into disrepute.

parity

(n)equality, esp in amount, status, or value

antithesis

(n)exact opposite

geometry

(n)mathematics dealing with lines, angles, surfaces, and solids a geometry lesson

neophyte

(n)novice; beginner

presupposition

(n)something assumed in advance

wobble

(n)to shake or move from side to side in a way that shows a lack of balance, or to cause something to do this: The table wobbles because its legs are uneven. (V)That bookcase wobbles whenever you put anything on it. Don't wobble the table, please, Dan.

crosshairs

(n)two thin lines crossing each other in a gun or other device, which you use to help you aim at something (or figuratively the center of attention) The poster showed his face in the crosshairs of a rifle.

frenzy

(n)uncontrolled and excited behavior or emotion that is sometimes violent: The media frenzy over the celebrity wedding. There was a frenzy of activity in the financial markets yesterday. In a moment of jealous frenzy, she cut the sleeves off all his shirts. a frenzied(adj) crowd

tyranny

(n)unlimited authority or use of power, or a government which exercises such power without any control or limits: it was a war against tyranny. Women must resist the tyranny of domesticity. tyrannical(adj)= The British government was tyrannical. tyrannize(v)= In school, he was the big bully who tyrannized the whole playground. tyrant(n)= a person who ... (*pronunciation)

contravention

(n)violation: By accepting the money, she was in contravention of company regulations. (v)The company know its actions contravene international law.

grassroots

(n,adj)involving the ordinary people in a society or an organization: a grassroots movement/campaign The feeling among the grassroots of the Party is that the leaders are not radical enough.

ripple

(n,v)1-a small wave on the surface of water(e.g. when you throw a stone in a water) / or to (cause to) move in small waves 2-(n)a sound or feeling that spreads through a person or group of people, gradually increasing and then becoming smaller A ripple of laughter/applause, etc. ran through the crowd. A ripple of excitement/unease, etc. flowed up her spine.

fracture

(n,v)If something hard, such as a bone, fractures, or is fractured, it breaks or cracks: She fractured her skull in the accident. A fractured pipe at a steel mill has leaked 20 tons of oil into the Severn estuary. (n)He suffered/sustained multiple fractures in a motorcycle accident.

allure

(n,v)attraction, charm, or excitement,tempt: The allure of the stage drew him back to acting. will sponsors really be allured by such opportunities?

venture

(n.) a risky or daring undertaking(or a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty:); (v.) to expose to danger; to dare There are many joint ventures between American and Japanese companies. He wanted to venture into the mountainous wilderness of the countryside.

upheaval

(n.) a sudden, violent movement; great disorder or radical change Yesterday's coup brought further upheaval to a country already struggling with famine.

sabotage

(n.) an action taken to destroy something or to prevent it from working properly; (v.) to take such destructive action: This was a deliberate attempt to sabotage (v) the ceasefire. The explosion was not an accident, it was sabotage.(n)

decree

(n.) an order having the force of law; (v.) to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully, to edict

derelict

(n.) someone or something that is abandoned or neglected; (adj.) Derelict buildings or places are not cared for and are in bad condition: a derelict site

asset

(n.) something of value; a resource; an advantage, perk

elevate

(v) 1-raise, lift up; lift the spirits of: I want to elevate my public speaking. / She wore high heels that elevated her a few inches above 5 feet. 2-move up to a higher rank or status: He has been elevated to deputy manager.

masquerade

(v) or (n): to pretend or appear to be In this business, there are a lot of unqualified people masquerading as experts. They kept up the masquerade of being happily married for over 30 years. masquerade party :))

pervade

(v) spread or diffuse through all parts of something, permeate: The influence of the early jazz musicians pervades American music.

engrave

(v) to cut words, pictures, or patterns into the surface of metal, stone, etc.: The jeweler skilfully engraved the initials on the ring. The bracelet was engraved with his name and date of birth. = carve (is more of artistic skills)

ingest

(v) to eat or drink something: The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested.

ascertain

(v) to find (something) out for certain; make sure of

transcend

(v) to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit: The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers. The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else.

assuage

(v) to make easier or milder, relieve; to quiet, calm; to put an end to, appease, satisfy The government has tried to assuage the public's fears

loose

(adj) (of clothes) not fitting closely to the body: Wear comfortable, loose clothing to your exercise class. not tightly controlled, or not exact: It's a fairly loose adaptation of the novel. It's only a loose translation of the poem.

bilingual

(adj) able to use two languages equally well: They are raising bilingual children. He is bilingual in Mandarin and English. bi... = twice (bisexual) lingual= related to tongue e.g: multilingual

indiscriminate

(adj) an action that is done without thinking about the harm it might cause The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems.

foregoing

(adj) preceding; previously mentioned, aforementioned

nasal

(adj) related to the nose If a person's voice is nasal, it has a particular sound because air is going through their nose when they speak: a nasal accent She spoke in nasal tones. Honestly, I hate my voice, I speak nasally!

patriotic

(adj) showing love for your country and being proud of it: Many Americans felt it was their patriotic duty to buy bonds to support the war effort. a patriotic person

provisional

(adj) temporary, for the present time but likely to change: a provisional government These dates are only provisional.

oppressive

(adj) unjustly inflicting hardship and constraint, especially on a minority or other subordinate group. (similar to tyrannical)

sheer

(adj) used to emphasize= complete, absolute The suggestion is sheer nonsense. His success was due to sheer willpower/determination.

adjacent

(adj) very near, next to, or touching: They work in adjacent buildings. They lived in a house adjacent to the railway. (very similar to proximity,n)

transient

(adj)= transitory: lasting for only a short time; temporary: The weakness was transient, and soon I was feeling strong again. the transitory (transient) nature of life #durable(adj) (n): someone who lives only temporarily in a place: It's an organization set up to provide money and help for transients.

populous

(adj)A populous country, area, or place has a lot of people living in it: China is the world's most populous country. densely populated

candid

(adj)Completely honest, straightforward The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis. To be candid with you, I think you're making a dreadful mistake. =forthright

awash

(adj)Covered with water, or filled and crowded: By the time I discovered the problem, the floor was awash. The city is awash with drugs and the police are powerless to do anything about it.

scant

(adj)barely sufficient or adequate

chronic

(adj)continuing for a long time chronic diseases/conditions chronically(Adv)

enduring

(adj)continuing for a long time; lasting: He believed in the enduring power of love. (v)endure: 1-same meaning 2-to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful: We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.

incremental

(adj)describing something as increasing gradually in number, size, quantity, or extent We plan to make incremental improvements to our existing products. The system requires fundamental reform rather than incremental change.

unattended

(adj)not being watched or taken care of: unattended children Please do not leave your luggage unattended. According to the report, most accidents occur when young children are left unattended in the home.

intermittent

(adj)not continuous; happening at intervals intermittent fasting intermittently(adv)

untrammeled

(adj)not deprived of freedom of action or expression; not restricted or hampered

haphazard

(adj)not having an obvious order or plan: He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner. (adv)haphazardly

cunning/devious

(adj)people or plans and methods are dishonest, often in a complicated way, but often also clever and successful: a cunning/devious scheme He's a very cunning/devious man. cunning(n):We need to show some cunning if we want to defeat the enemy.

gratifying

(adj)pleasing, satisfying (v) gratify

pervasive

(adj)present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place: The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books. a pervasive smell of diesel =^ tangible

interlocutory

(adj)provisional, interim, or temporary in nature

fleeting

(adj)quick and transitory: He had a fleeting moment of panic but quickly recovered.

lamentable

(adj)regrettable; unfortunate

inquisitorial

(adj)relating to a legal process in which the judge asks the questions in order to get the facts before making a decision: Compare to adversarial system

sleek

(adj)smooth and shining ....equipped with the latest cell-phones, and the sleekest motorbikes.

spontaneously

(adv)in a way that is natural, often sudden, and not planned or forced: This story may prompt you to burst spontaneously into uncontrollable sobs. The whole ship might spontaneously combust (Adj)spontaneous: His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

Nominally

(adv)in name only, not really similar to so-called The province is nominally independent.

melting pot

(n) : 1-a pot in which metals or other materials are melted and mixed. 2- a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together. "Toronto is a melting pot of different cultures"

the onus

(n) a burden, responsibility, or duty to do something: The onus is on the landlord to ensure that the property is habitable. We are trying to shift the onus for passenger safety onto the government.

interval

(n) a period between two events or times: We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month. =(adv) periodically: We see each other periodically the space between two points: The plants should be spaced at six-inch intervals.

tribunal

(n) a special court or group of people who are officially chosen to examine problems of a particular type: a tribunal case/claim/hearing an appeal tribunal

strain

(n) pressure on something, sometimes causing damage: The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed. As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart.

provision

(n) the act of providing something: The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area. When designing buildings in this area, you have to make provision against earthquakes.

pedant

(n)a person who is excessively concerned with minor details and rules or with displaying academic learning: The pedant in me wants to point out that when there are only two parties involved, it would be more appropriate to refer to one as the lesser cost avoider! pedantic(adj)

eavesdropper

(n)a person who listens to someone's private conversation without him or her knowing: A small group of eavesdroppers were listening intently for evidence of a treacherous crime. The audience becomes an instant eavesdropper witnessing a family's tragedy. eavesdrop(v): He was eavesdropping on our conversation.

proprietor

(n)a person who owns a particular type of business, a hotel/newspaper proprietor (adj) proprietary

mooring

(n)a place to tie a boat, ship, or aircraft (v) moor: We moored the boat to a large tree root.

dissident

(n)a rebel; a person opposed to established ideas or beliefs, especially in politics or religion

impugn

(v): dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question. That evidence alone impugns the report's integrity and validity. impugned(adj)

leap, leaped, leaped

(v): in general, means: to make a large jump or sudden movement, usually from one place to another: He leaped out of his car and ran towards the house. I leaped up to answer the phone. With one leap he crossed the stream.(n) (n) a big change, increase, or improvement: a leap in profits

sprout

(v): to begin to grow, or to produce new growth: Our new seedlings have begun to sprout. (n): a part of a plant that is just beginning to grow a been sprout

presence

# absence (adj) present and absent

atypical

(ADJ)not typical he sociable behavior of lions is considered atypical of the cat family.

dread

(v): to feel extremely worried or frightened about something that is going to happen or that might happen: He's dreading the exam - he's sure he's going to fail. [ + -ing verb ] I'm dreading having to meet his parents. 'I dread to think' what would happen ...

dispense

(v): to give out things, especially products, services, or amounts of money: There is a vending machine on the platform that dispenses snacks.

command

(v): to give someone an order or orders with authority: The police commanded the driver to stop the car. to deserve and receive because of special qualities or actions: She commands one of the highest salaries in Hollywood. (n): a good knowledge of something and the ability to use it: The study of physics requires a command of mathematics. an order, or the authority to give orders: [ C ] "When I give the command, fall in!" the officer shouted.

otiose

(Adj)useless; futile

Assignee

(LAW)the party to whom right is transferred.

convergence

(N)the fact that two or more things, ideas, etc. become similar or come together: a convergence of interests/opinions/ideas

adolescent

(adj or noun): a young person who is developing into an adult

gatecrash

(v): to go to a party or other event when you have not been invited: He decided to gatecrash the wedding. (n): gatecrasher: The party was ruined by a couple of gatecrashers.

undermine

(v): to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually: Criticism just undermines their confidence. The incompetence and arrogance of the city's administration have undermined public confidence in government.

divine

(adj) I know (related to god ..) (v)to guess something: I divined from his grim expression that the news was not good.

aggravated

(adj) more severe or intense especially in law aggravated battery

impermissible

(adj) not allowed adv:impermissibly

alight from

(v)To get off a means of public transport

tangential

(adj) only slightly relevant, going off topic

teeming

(adj) replete with, filled with, awash with

engross

(v)absorb all the attention or interest of I was so engrossed in that game, I had no notion of time

stoke

(v)add fuel to; strengthen: Returning to the camp, he stoked the fire. Worries about the company's future revenue growth were stoked by a drop in personal computer sales.

revere

(v)admire Nelson Mandela is revered for his brave fight against apartheid.

compile

(v)assemble; gather; accumulate; make (a report or a book) from facts and information found in various places compile a dictionary/ a prosecution brief

impute

(v)attribute or credit to For purposes of the company's violations, the conduct of its officials and employees may be imputed to the firm.

grounded

(adj)=sensible, Someone who is grounded makes good decisions and does not say or do stupid things: He's very grounded even though he has so much money

graduated

(adj)arranged in regular steps, stages, or degrees a graduated program of slowly escalating participation

contrived

(adj)deliberately created rather than arising naturally or spontaneously, superficial

incapacitated

(adj)disabled, unable ro function

impressionable

(adj)easily impressed or influenced He's at an impressionable age.

stark

(adj)empty or without decoration: completely clear: It was a stark room with a bed and chair as the only furniture.

vigorous

(adj)energetic a vigorous debate He takes plenty of vigorous exercise. n: vigor adv: vigorously

Omnipotent

(adj)having unlimited power and able to do anything: How can a loving, omnipotent God permit disease, war and suffering? (n)omnipotence

opulent

(adj)luxurious, deluxe an opulent lifestyle/hotel/...

well-heeled

(adj,n=the well heeled) wealthy, rich

succinctly

(adv)briefly, concisely succinct(adj)

indictment

(n)(LAW)a formal statement of accusing someone: The charges on the indictment include murder and attempted murder.

inference

(n)A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning Readers are invited to draw their own inferences from the report.

audit

(n)A thorough review, an official examination of the quality or condition of something: complete/conduct/do/undertake an audit

frontier

(n)a border between two countries,(or figuratively, two things): Some of the frontier between Germany and Poland follows the course of the river.

encampment

(n)a campsite; a place where people set up camp temporarily(a group of tents or temporary shelters put in one place)

bidet

(n)a hand-held triggered nozzle that is placed near the toilet and delivers a spray of water

cleric

(n)a religious leader: a Buddhist/Catholic/Muslim cleric

remnant

(n)a small piece or amount of something that is left from a larger original piece or amount: the remnants of last night's meal charred remnants of last night's rioting compare to leftover

suffice

(v)to be enough: The problems were of global importance, and only an international effort would suffice to deal with them.

menace

(n)danger, threat Drunk drivers are a menace to everyone.

relent

(v)to become less strict, to soften Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party. #(adj)relentless,(adv)relentlessly

sag

(v)to become weaker or less firm: Muscles sag when you reach your 50s. The economy is sagging.

exasperation

(n)irritation, frustration (v)exasperate = infuriate

profanity

(n)language considered to be vulgar, rude, or obscene The film contains profanity and violence. They shouted profanities at us.

creditor

(n)person or institution to whom money is owed

vendor

(n)seller

Conman/swindler

(n)someone who gets money dishonestly by deceiving or cheating people con, swindle(v)

balm

(n)something that heals or comforts; sth has soothing effect; also an oil to do that(lip balm) Her gentle words were a balm to me.

rectification

(n)the act of correcting or adjusting something

observance

(n)the act of obeying a law or following a religious custom: religious observances such as fasting

defamation

(n)the action of damaging the reputation of a person (v)defame

hub

(n)the central or main part of something, where there is most activity: commercial hub, pornhub :d

sanctity

(n)the condition of being holy or of deserving great respect: the sanctity of life the sanctity of a cemetery/tomb

dissimulation

(n)the fact of trying to hide your real feelings, character, or intentions: He was capable of great dissimulation and hypocrisy. = deceit, deception

perimeter

(n)the length of or the the outer edge of a shape (like triangle, square) Protesters cut a hole in the perimeter fence.

breadwinner

(n, countable) bring home the bacon, Men are often expected to be the breadwinner in a family.

slacker

(n,c): a person who does not work hard enough: Those slackers have gone home early again.

chronicle

(n,v) a record of events in the order in which they happened, or to make that record: The book chronicles the writer's coming to terms with his illness. The diary, although a personal story, is really a chronicle of an important period of history.

retort

(n,v)reply or to reply to someone(quickly and in an angry or funny way), to rejoin(rejoinder,n)

purview

(n.) the range, extent, or scope of something; in law, the scope or limit of what is provided in a statute

disingenuous

(of a person or their behavior) (adj) slightly dishonest, or not speaking the complete truth: It was disingenuous of her to claim she had no financial interest in the case. a disingenuous compliment #ingenuous

haste

(too much) speed In spite of all their haste, they didn't have time to finish. Officials acted in haste (= too quickly), without understanding the situation. hastily(adv), hasty(adj) Don't make a hasty decision.

enumerate

(v) to count, list, or itemize: Felonies that are commonly enumerated as inherently dangerous to human life are ...

liquidate

(v)to cause a business to close, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts (to sell your investments or property to make them available in the form of money) liquidated damages: damages whose amount the parties designate during the formation of a contract for the injured party to collect as compensation upon a specific breach

impugn

(v)to cause people to doubt someone's character, qualities, or reputation by criticizing them: Are you impugning my competence as a professional designer?

plauge

(v)to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time: Financial problems have been plaguing their new business partners. My shoulder's been plaguing me all week. The children plagued him with questions all through lunch. He's been plaguing me for a loan of the book. 2-The plague(the famous disease)

rehabilitate

(v) you know what the rehab is. this is a verb for that Rehabilitation(n)

vindicate

(v)to clear from blame, acquit

spell

(v)1- I know (n)2-a period of time for which an activity or condition lasts continuously: I lived in Cairo for a spell. She had a brief spell as captain of the team.

ransack

(v)to completely search a place in a way that causes mess and damage: Burglars ransacked the house. I ransacked the closet for my ski boots.

dilute

(v)1-to make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else: Dilute the juice (with water) before you drink it. 2-to reduce the strength of a feeling, action, etc.: These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety.

electrify

(v)1. to wire or equip with electric power 2. to thrill or shock

entail

(v): to make something necessary, or to involve something: Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. [ + -ing verb ] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money.

adduce

(v)to cite as evidence

castigate

(v)to criticize someone or something severely: Health inspectors castigated the kitchen staff for poor standards of cleanliness.

decry

(v)to criticize something as bad, without value, or unnecessary, condemn

condemn

(v)to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons: The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice. The film was condemned for its sexism.

sob

(v)to cry noisily, taking in deep breaths: I found her sobbing in the bedroom because she'd broken her favorite doll. You're not going to help matters by lying there sobbing! (n)I could hear her sobs from the next room.

mutilate

(v)to damage something severely, especially by violently removing a part: Her body had been mutilated beyond recognition. Self-hatred apparently drove her to mutilate her own face. female genital mutilation(n)

confront

(v)to deal with a difficult problem, situation, or person: He forced the country to confront the issue of deforestation. Becca will have to confront some frightening truths about this disease.

decompose

(v)to decay or to break down into basic elements The body must have been decomposing for several weeks.

trespass

(v)to enter someone's property without permission: I didn't realize I was trespassing on their land trespasser (noun)

bicker

(v)to fight or quarrel over something silly

presage

(v)to foretell; indicate in advance, portend

venerate

(v)to honor, to revere, to worship

uphold

(v)to defend or support a principle or law, or to say that a decision that has already been made, especially a legal one, is correct: As a police officer, you are expected to uphold the law whether you agree with it or not. Judge Davis upheld the county court's decision.

obliterate

(v)to destroy completely, eradicate, wipe out, demolish All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog.

belittle

(v)to make a person or an action seem as if he, she or it is not important = disparage The trial judge went beyond correcting the erroneous reliance by the appellant's counsel on the accounts as proof of the appellant's success as a gambler, and belittled the appellant's counsel.

induce

(v)to persuade someone to do something, or to cause something to happen: They induced her to take the job by offering her a bonus. The scandal induced a change of policy.

ravage

(v)to destroy: Covid-19 pandemic can ravage tourism industry ravages(n)(plural)the damage caused by disease, time, war, etc.: The ravages of the fire showed in the splintered woodwork and blistered paint.

delve

(v)to search, especially as if by digging, in order to find a thing or information: She delved into her pocket to find some change. to dig=But before I delve into this, here's a simple, straightforward question,...

affront

(v,n)a remark or action intended to insult or offend someone, insult: He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity.

bypass

(v,n)to avoid something by going around it: We took the road that bypasses the town. They bypassed the committee and went straight to senior management.

perplex

(v.) to confuse (Brad was perplexed by his girlfriend's suddenly distant manner.)

procrastinate

(v.) to delay, put off until later

aggrieve

(v)to distress, to mistreat, to make someone unhappy and angry: Years later, this unfairness still aggrieves him.

undertake

(v)to do or begin or make promise to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult: Students are required to undertake simple experiments. The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped.

proscribe

(v)to forbid/disallow/prohibit an action or practice officially: The sale of materials that could be used in making nuclear weapons is proscribed by US law.

inflict

(v)to force someone to experience something very unpleasant: These new bullets are capable of inflicting massive injuries. The suffering inflicted on these children was unimaginable.

recoup

(v)to get back money that you have spent or lost: It takes a while to recoup the initial costs of starting up a business.

swap

(v)to give something and be given something else instead: When you've finished reading your book, and I've finished mine, can we swap? We swapped addresses with the people we met on holiday. When he got a job in a bank, he had to swap his jeans and T-shirt for a suit (= he had to wear formal clothes instead of informal ones). We spent the evening swapping (= telling each other) stories/jokes.

renounce

(v)to give up or resign something

embark

(v)to go onto a ship: We embarked at Liverpool for New York. #disembark

fetch

(v)to go to another place to get something or someone and bring it, him, or her back: Could you fetch me my glasses/fetch my glasses for me from the other room, please? I have to fetch my mother from the station.

jostle

(v)to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people: As we came into the arena, we were jostled by fans pushing their way towards the stage. Photographers jostled and shoved to get a better view of the royal couple. jostle for = compete for

align

(v)to put two or more things into a straight line: When you've aligned the notch on the gun with the target, fire! Align the ruler and the middle of the paper and then cut it straight. Ask questions that align with your priorities and ignore all the other noise. Business leaders are aligned with (= agree with) the president on this issue.

instruct

(v)to teach; to give knowledge into something I need someone to instruct me on how to use the computer.

stomp(stamp)

(v)to walk with intentionally heavy steps, especially as a way of showing that you are annoyed: She stomped up the stairs and slammed her bedroom door. He woke up in a bad mood and stomped off to the bathroom. The little boy was stomping his foot and refusing to take his medicine. Why did you stomp on that insect?

erode

(v)to wear away slowly, to weaken or damage something by taking away parts of it gradually, or to become weaker in this way: Budget cuts could further erode the benefit package provided for by the contract. The retail industry is struggling with eroding consumer confidence and a weakening sales trend.

curb

(v,n)restrain or control: You need to try to put a curb on your bad temper/spending habits. The government should act to curb tax evasion.

retreat

(v,n)to go away from a place or person in order to escape from fighting or danger: Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat (from the city). She burst into tears and retreated to the bedroom. We went on (a) retreat at Wales. Enemy soldiers are now in (full) retreat.

squint

(v,n)to look at something with your eyes partly shut in order to keep out bright light or to see better a big smile that pushes his eyes into a squint The sun was shining straight in her eyes and made her squint.

rig

1.(v) to arrange dishonestly for the result of something Previous elections in the country have been rigged 2- (v) to fix a piece of equipment in place: We rigged up a tent between two trees. 3. (n)A machine or construction that is used for a special purpose. (an oil rig)

come up

1-to be mentioned or talked about in conversation: What points came up at the meeting? 2-to happen, usually unexpectedly: I've got to go - something's just come up at home and I'm needed there. 3-If a job or opportunity comes up, it becomes available: A position has come up in the accounts department. come up with: to suggest or think of an idea or plan: She's come up with some amazing scheme to double her income.

cumulative

= accumulative( formal ) : increasing by one addition after another: The cumulative effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.

quarter

1-you know this meaning :D (e.g. a quarter of an hour, a quarter past five,a quarter to six) 2_(n)an area of a town where a particular group of people live or work or where a particular activity happens: This is the bustling commercial quarter of the city.

expedition

A journey made for a special purpose

conservatory

an advanced school of music

diligent

hard-working and careful a diligent student

steller

like a star; outstanding, an extremely high standard: a stellar performance/player/team

soothing

(adj)comforting, calming: I put on some nice soothing music.

vengeance

(n)revenge; the desire for revenge

purpoted

(adj)claimed but not proved to be true: The new brand of potato chips is purported to be lower in cholesterol, fat, and calories.

magic wand

He waved his magic wand and a rabbit appeared. :)

untrammeled

[adj] not confined or limited Self-governing schools are untrammelled by education authority rules.

solitude

being alone

euthanasia

mercy killing (n)

kin

relatives

conceive

to imagine

to caress, fondle, pet

to touch or kiss someone in a gentle and loving way: Gently he caressed her cheek.

abrogate

(v)to repudiate; repeal, to end a law, agreement, or custom formally: The treaty was abrogated in 1929.

revoke

(v)to say officially that an agreement, permission, a law, etc. is no longer in effect: The authorities have revoked their original decision to allow development of this rural area.

besiege

(v)to surround a place or sth, especially with an army, to prevent people or supplies getting in or out, or to surround a person: The town had been besieged for two months but still resisted the aggressors. After showing the controversial documentary, the channel was besieged with phone calls from angry viewers. When the pop star tried to leave her hotel, she was besieged by waiting journalists and fans.

enclose

(v)to surround: The garden is enclosed by four walls. 2-to send something in the same envelope or package as something else: Please enclose a résumé with your application.

enact

(v, LAW)to put something into action, especially to make something law: A package of economic sanctions will be enacted against the country.

crochet

(v,n)a form of knitting(weaving) or needlework

shoehorn

(v.) 1-to force into a small, narrow or insufficient space, (could be figuratively too) a political agenda was shoehorned to the main story. (n) 2-a curved piece of plastic or metal, used to help your heel slide into a shoe

dissent

(v.) to disagree; (n.) disagreement #assent When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent.

inhibit

(v.) to prevent, restrain, stop When I told you I needed the car last night, I certainly never meant to inhibit you from going out.

vacant

(adj)Empty; unoccupied

residual

(adj)Left over; remaining

deleterious

(adj)harmful, injurious

invariant

(adj)never changing: the pattern of cell divisions was found to be invariant. invariance(n)

unimpeded

(adj)not blocked; unobstructed, or prevented by anything: From this position you can enjoy an unimpeded view of the waterfall.

exemplary

(adj)outstanding; setting a great example

latent

(adj)present, but not yet active, developed, or obvious: latent capability/talent/skill

stultifying

(adj)preventing new ideas from developing, having an inhibiting effect She felt the repetitive exercises stultified (v) her musical technique so she stopped doing them.

docile

(adj)quiet and easy to influence, persuade, or control, obedient, compliant

stringent

(adj)strict, severe

fugitive

(n).(adj) someone who is running away or escaping

racket

(n)1- I know 2- a loud, annoying noise: Who's making such a racket? 3-an illegal or dishonest way of making money: He is alleged to have taken part in a racket involving ... a drugs racket/ extortion racket

summation

(n)1- a short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something: He offered his own concise summation of the problem. 2-a speech made by a judge or lawyer to the jury toward the end of a trial, telling them again about the main matters they should consider in the case: the prosecutor's final summation

abolish

(v)to end an activity or custom officially: I think bullfighting should be abolished. National Service was abolished in the UK in 1962.

vest

(v)to give someone or something the power to do something: Political power is now vested in an elected parliament. 2-a piece of clothing like a jacket without sleeves

flout

(v)to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom: Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets.

cliffhanger

(n)a story or a situation that is exciting because its ending or result is uncertain until it happens: Many of Hitchcock's movies are real cliffhangers. It looks as if the election is going to be a cliffhanger. Your favorite TV show ending on a cliffhanger is added ammunition.

stigma

(n)a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair: There is no longer any stigma to being divorced.

callus

(n)an area of hard, thick skin, esp. on the feet or hands: If you look at my hands, you will see the calluses of a farmer. callused(Adj)= callused palms of his hands.

proclamation

(n)an official announcement: to issue a proclamation A bloody civil war followed the proclamation of an independent state.

Outlier

a fact, figure, piece of data, etc. that is very different from all the others in a set and does not seem to fit the same pattern: Eliminating one or two obvious outliers, charges range from 0.45% per annum to 3.67% per annum.

slew

a large number (there is a slew of ...) (v)Also the past tense for slay (slay, slew, slain) which means to murder someone

compromise (n) (v)

an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree In a compromise between management and unions Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so let's compromise at/on $350.

escalation

an increase. Price escalations ( or escalation of price ) for building materials caused the project to be cancelled.

installment

buying an item on credit with a monthly plan to pay off the value of the good We agreed to pay for the car by/in installments.

cushion

1- (n) A pillow or a pad with a soft filling. 2-(n,v) :something that makes the effects of a bad situation less severe The soft grass cushioned his fall. You should aim to build up a cushion of money in case of emergencies. A hovercraft travels on a cushion of air. ( a layer of air often used to support a machine or vehicle ) build up a cushion of fat

integrate

combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole/ to mix with and join society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits, and customs: It's very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own. Children are often very good at integrating into a new culture. integration (n) racial/cultural integration

egotistic

=self-centered, selfish #altruistic, selfless

arouse

evoke or awaken (a feeling, emotion, or response).

desensitize

to lessen the feeling or awareness; to make less sensitive(used to it) Seeing too much violence on television can desensitize people to it.

err

to make a mistake: The Court of Criminal Appeal also held that the trial judge erred in his analysis of the admissibility of the search warrant evidence It's preferable to err on the side of caution (= to be too careful) rather than risk disaster.

make do with something/I can get by with (very little money.)

to manage to get along with what's available

evacuate

to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe: The police evacuated the village shortly before the explosion. to empty something of its contents: evacuated evaporation chamber

far-fetched

very unlikely to be true, and difficult to believe: a far-fetched idea/story/hypothesis

triumphantly

victoriously; successfully Bob triumphantly announced his promotion. The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph(n) for the prime minister. She made a triumphant(adj) return to the stage after several years of working in television.

expertise

specialized knowledge; skill of the expert ( a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully )

extortion

the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats extort(v) compare with blackmail

reside in

to be present in Joe's talent resides in his storytelling abilities. reside=live

proceed

to continue as planned ( RDR online 😛 ) Preparations for the festival are now proceeding smoothly.

maim

to injure a person so severely that a part of their body will no longer work as it should: Many children have been maimed for life by these bombs.

Add, Subtract, Divide, Multiply(v)

Addition, Subtraction, Division, Multiplication(n)

mascot

a person or animal that is adopted by a team or other group as a symbolic figure Their team's mascot is a goat.

atheist

a person who believes there is no god compare to agnostic (neither believes nor disbelieves in a god or religious doctrine. )

bookbinder

a person who binds books as a profession. (cover them)

Tenement

a piece of land held by an owner or a type of apartment building, esp. one with many small apartments that is in a poor area

landfill

a place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or extending usable land.

door prize

a prize which each person present at an event has a chance to win, usually by means of a draw or raffle.

excursion

a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group of people: Next week we're going on an excursion. excursion into something: you mean that it is an attempt to develop or understand something new that you have not experienced before.

beehive

a special container where people keep bees, or a place where bees live

whim

a sudden desire or an impulsive action, especially one that is unusual or unexplained: We booked the trip on a whim. The whims of rock stars can be hard to satisfy.

linguistic (skills)

ability to use language

hereunder

according to the terms of this document: The license granted hereunder shall not be effective until you have paid all fees in full.

palpable

adj, obvious, tangible The tension in the room was palpable

quest

a long search for something that is difficult to find: a quest for the meaning of life

a host of

a lot of: He has even learned a host of obscure African dialects.

staple

a main or important element of something, especially of a diet The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes. 2- U-shaped piece of wire with ends that bend to fasten sheets of paper together:(can be used as a verb as well) Put a staple in the upper left-hand corner.

propeller

a device that causes a ship or aircraft to move, consisting of two or more blades that spin at high speed

appliance

a device, machine, or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a cooker or washing machine: electric/domestic/household appliances labor-saving appliances/devices

veil

a garment that covers the head and face 2-figuratively: something that prevents you from knowing what is happening: We want to lift the veil of secrecy behind the veil of ignorance

vacancy

a job that is available in an organization and that people can apply for: We currently have a vacancy for a sales representative.

utopia

a perfect society in which everyone is happy: [ U ] The idea of America as utopia has recurred throughout our history. [ C ] When plans to rebuild the neighborhood were first announced, I'd been hoping for a utopia.

underlying

basic; fundamental; only noticeable under scrutiny

torn(adj)

be in a state of uncertainty between two conflicting options or parties. "he was torn between his duty and his better instincts" (v) tear, tore, torn: rip

on account of sth

because of something

assertive

behaving confidently and able to say in a direct way what you want or believe

anterior to

coming before in time; earlier: an incident anterior to her troubles.

infer

conclude, derive(from) What do you infer from her refusal? / she inferred that ... (n)inference

hedonic

connected with feelings of pleasure or unpleasant sensation: Many purchases are related to hedonic impulses.

accolade noun

an award, an honor; approval, praise That's a tremendous accolade!

arachnid

any of a group of small animals, similar to insects but with four pairs of legs, that include spiders, scorpions,...

ostensibly (adv)

apparently or purportedly, but perhaps not actually

grimy

dirty

posh

elegant and fashionable ( adjective/ Informal ) a posh restaurant

replete (with something)

filled/ full/awash with something

top something off

finish something in a memorable or notable way. "the festive celebration was topped off with the awarding of prizes"

fishmonger

fish seller

Psychiatry/Psychiatrist ( a person who ...)

diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

freight

goods carried by a large vehicle

in the nature of

having the characteristics of; similar to. a week at home would be in the nature of a holiday

shrill

high-pitched and sharp, antonym is deep women have shriller voice than men

forthwith (adv)

immediately, without delay

noxious

harmful; poisonous; lethal(adj)

adept(adj)

having a natural ability to do something that needs skill: She's very adept at dealing with the media.

pertain to

in relate to, to be connected with something or someone

amid(st)

in the middle of, among(amongst)

innate

inborn; natural

swell

swelled / swollen or swelled to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount: It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up). His heart/breast swelled with pride (= he felt very proud) as he stood watching his son graduate.

compliment(n) (v)

praise: He complained that his husband never paid him any compliments anymore. I take it as a compliment (= I am pleased) when people say I look like my mother. I was just complimenting Robert on his wonderful food.

reel off sth

recite and tell sth quickly He reeled off the names of his grandchildren.

wig

removable hair: In Britain, judges wear white wigs in court.

sort sth out

resolve a problem/deal with

drastically

severely

resuscitate

revive; bring back to life or consciousness; e.g. resuscitate the drowned child compare to resurrect

ludicrous(ly)

ridiculous(ly)

in lieu of

instead of

sink

sank (sunk), sunk The Titanic was a passenger ship which sank (to the bottom of the ocean) in 1912.

satnav

satellite navigation = GPS

destined

intended (for a particular purpose) I'm destined to become a lawyer in Australia.

demonic possession

involves the belief that an alien spirit, demon, or entity controls a person's actions. demonic:wild and evil: He had a demonic (= cruel) gleam in his eye.

shy of sth

lower than Jack is 2 meters tall shy of 3 centimeters It's 9 shy of 15 minutes = It's 15 minutes to 9 = It's a quarter to 9 ( 8:45 )

bribe(v) , bribery(n)

make illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence

bland

mild; tasteless; dull(for food)

lax

not severe or strong enough, #spartan lax security

mere

nothing more than; only The mere thought of it (= just thinking about it) makes me feel sick

primitive

of or typical of an early stage of development; not advanced or complicated in structure: primitive art/tools The pioneers who settled the west had to cope with primitive living conditions.

strike through

strike through a word means to cross sth out

emulate

to imitate( a bit different) Officials are looking to emulate successful ideas from other cities.

levy

to impose a tax upon sth

interject

to interrupt a conversation with a comment or remark

seep

to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something

drift

to move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction: No one noticed that the boat had begun to drift out to sea. figurative The talk drifted aimlessly from one subject to another. He stopped rowing and let the boat drift.

procure

to obtain

elicit

to obtain something, esp. information or a reaction, to draw out or extract from sth: The program has also elicited both positive and negative responses. The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits.

change hands

to pass from one owner to another: More than 30 million shares changed hands in the first hour of business.

compensate

to pay someone money in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem

brace yourself

to prepare yourself physically or mentally for something unpleasant

diagnose

to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is

hive off

to separate part of a company or service, etc. (often by selling it)

caveat emptor

used for saying that the person who buys something must take responsibility for the quality of goods that he or she is buying

smother

to suffocate *suffocate can be object and without object smother needs object

capitalize on sth

to take advantage of

resemble

v. To be like or similar to.

trivial

unimportant

disheveled

untidy You look a bit disheveled. Perhaps you can go and straighten up before the presentation.

promptly (adv)

with little or no delay; immediately.

unconsciously

without awareness

insight

the ability to have a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or situation: It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships. Hurston's writings were recognized for their insights. His work shows originality and insight. insightful(adj): He was, of course, very funny and insightful. an insightful observation

Persuasion

the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded

vicinity

the area near or surrounding a particular place Vicinity of coastlines

volatility

the quality or state of being likely to change suddenly, especially by becoming worse: the volatility of the political situation worries about volatility in the economy

pre-emption

the rights of shareholders to buy new shares in the same company when they become available, before others are allowed to buy them

on a par (with sb/sth)

the same as or equal to someone or something: Teaching is a highly respected profession here — on a par with doctors and lawyers.

jurisprudence

the science or philosophy of law ( JD :D = Doctor of jurisprudence )

etiquette

the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations: Social etiquette dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing. Diplomatic etiquette forbids calling for the death of a national leader.

Demography

the study of changes in the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during a period of time

etymology

the study of word origins

supposedly

thought to be true, or supposed to be true used to show that you do not believe that something you have been told is true: Well, the tickets are supposedly in the mail.

millennia

thousands of years millennium ( singular ) (adj) millennial: born in the 1980s, 1990s, or early 2000s: the millennial generation ( I'm the Gen z generation ) Bacteria vs bacterium ( singular )

deflect

to (cause to) change direction, or to prevent something from being directed at you The crowd cheered as the goalkeeper deflected the shot. The prime minister deflected mounting criticism today by announcing tax cuts.

waft

to (cause to) move gently through the air: A gentle breeze wafted the scent of roses in through the open window.

accede to

to agree to do what people have asked you to do

elude

to avoid someone or something: The bear that had eluded capture for so long was caught at last. If something eludes you, you do not succeed in achieving it: It was simply her misfortune that an Olympic medal eluded her in 1988.

start out

to begin to do something in business or a job, or to begin your working life in a particular way: I learned that lesson three years after starting out in the venture-capital business. I started out as a sales assistant in a store.

came across

to behave in a way that makes people believe that you have a particular characteristic: She comes across really well (= creates a positive image) on television. He comes across as a bit of a bore in interview. Online Marcel came across as a great and powerful warrior.

fold

to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part of it lies on the other part (n) (v)

emanate

to come out from a source Life emanates from me!

surpass

to exceed or go beyond the result surpassed all our expectations

shed, shed, shed

to get rid of something, or to lose hair, leaves, or skin, ..., or to make blood or tears flow: As the day warmed up, she shed her sweater. He didn't shed one tear when his old car was stolen. By November, the trees had shed their leaves.

thereof

(Adv)Of the thing just mentioned; of that = therefrom

wage

a particular amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee, especially one who does work that needs physical skills or strength

wing its/their way

to go or to be sent quickly from one place to another: A letter from him is probably winging its way to you right now.

orthodox

(of beliefs, ideas, or activities) (Adj)following generally accepted beliefs or standards: orthodox methods of teaching #heterodox

exigency

(n., often pl.) urgency, pressure; urgent demand, pressing need; an emergency

mutually exclusive

Events that cannot occur at the same time.

arithmetic

In mathematics, it is called for the group of the four operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

barbed

a barbed wire: having a sharp point a barbed comment: unkind and criticizing:

impediment

a barrier; obstruction

inventory

a complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building.

spate

a large number or amount of something, esp. in a brief time

spouse

a marriage partner; a person who pledged ( a serious promise ) marriage

dementia

a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse

bullet journal

a method of personal organization I really like to use the bullet journal method to organize my life.

steward

a person who is responsible for an event or for the management of a place A steward is also a person who is responsible for food or drink at a restaurant A steward ( (female stewardess)) on an aircraft, ship, or train is someone who helps and serves passengers If you need help at any time during the conference, one of the stewards will be pleased to help you.

titan

a person who is very important, powerful, strong, big, clever, etc.: a tech titan

dweller

a person who lives in a particular type of place: city dwellers

relay race/ relay

a running or swimming race between two or more teams usually of four members, each of whom goes a part of the distance relay: to repeat something you have heard, was told the news first and then I relayed it to the others. 2-or to broadcast a signal, message, or program on television or radio: TV pictures of the war were relayed around the world by satellite.

baton

a stick used by a conductor

radius

a straight line joining the center of a circle to its edge or the center of a sphere to its surface: This wheel has a radius of 15 in. ... each apply within a radius of 150 metres from premises at which abortions are provided.

hymen

a thin piece of skin that partly covers the opening to a girl's or woman's vagina and breaks when she has sex for the first time

guise

an external appearance, cover, mask

preoccupation

an idea or subject that someone thinks about most of the time: My main preoccupation now is trying to keep life normal for the sake of my two boys.

summons

an official demand to appear in a law court

parasite

an organism that lives in or on another organism; one who lives off another person

recurring

happening over and over(adj) Francis suffered all his life from a recurring nightmare that he was trapped in a falling house.

cleaver

large butcher's knife, chopper(the other meaning= helicopter)

unflattering

making someone look less attractive or seem worse than usual

unsettling(adj) / unsettle(v)

making you feel anxious and worried: I received the unsettling news that I may lose my job next month. that causes sudden, unexpected changes: A rise in unemployment has an unsettling effect on the stock market.

disperse

scatter or spread over a wide area, disseminate

latter

second of two ( and while men have more of the latter , .. )

scattered

separated and going in different directions, covering a wide area Toys and books were scattered about/around the room.

corresponding

showing a direct connection between two things As the course becomes more difficult, there's usually a corresponding drop in attendance.

diction

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

trajectory

the curved path of an object thrown into space(n) (used for the path of someone too)

delivery up

the delivery up of the documents means to give or hand out something formally

aristocracy

the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices. members of the aristocracy aristocrat(n, countable, a person ...) aristocratic(adj)

easement

the use of someone else's property or land for a stated reason: The most commonly used easement is one that allows the underground services of one property to pass beneath the land of a neighbouring property.

assign

to give someone a particular job or task We assigned Alberto the task of watching the children. Judith was assigned to the office in Washington, D.C.

bound to happen

very likely to happen

mundane(adj)

very ordinary, dull!

Triumphantly (adv)

victoriously

ego

your idea or opinion of yourself, especially your feeling of your own importance and ability: That man has such an enormous ego - I've never known anyone so full of themselves! I'm glad she got the job - she needed something to boost/bolster her ego (= give her confidence).

acquainted(adj)/ acquaintance(n)/ acquaint someone with something (v)

✅

unblemished

(adj) An unblemished reputation, character, etc. has no faults and is not spoiled in any way= flawless= perfect For six years his championship record was unblemished.

worthwhile

(adj) worth one's time and effort It's not a worthwhile use of your time. If you want people to do things for you, you've got to make it worthwhile to them. It wasn't worthwhile for us to have two cars. If you need him on this project, you've got to make it financially worthwhile for him (= you will have to pay him a suitable amount of money for the amount of work involved).

malice

(adj)desire to harm others, spite or ill will malice aforethought

nail it / rock it

(informal) to do something in a perfect or impressive way

overturn

(law,v)1-to change a legal decision 2-to turn over, or to cause something to turn over: The truck overturned, spilling its cargo. I overturned some of the furniture in the house.

opportunism

(n)taking advantage of opportunities without regard to the consequences for others He accused his opponent of political opportunism.

concussion

(n)temporary damage to the brain caused by a fall or hit on the head or by violent shaking: I think he may have had a concussion.

pre-empt

(v) prevent; take the place of, supplant(replace); take before someone else can This federal statute pre-empts a state statute because it would not be possible to comply with both simultaneously

devise

(v) to come up with sth, to plan, figure out, invent

rappel(abseil)

(v) to go down a very steep slope by holding on to a rope that is fastened to the top of the slope: She rappelled down the rock face. (can be noun too): After a few more rappels down some smaller cliffs, we went for a much-needed swim. We finished the rappel with no dramas.

stymie

to block; to thwart (often passive) good-looking women seeking high-flying careers in traditionally male-dominated fields may be stymied by the "bimbo effect"

grueling

(adj) extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination: a grueling 50-mile run

profound

(adj) felt or experienced very strongly or in an extreme way: His mother's death when he was aged six had a very profound effect on him. The invention of the contraceptive pill brought about profound changes in the lives of women. Those two lines of poetry express perfectly the profound sadness of loss.

hectic

(adj) frantic,full of activity, or very busy and fast: a hectic schedule The area has become a haven for people tired of the hectic pace of city life.

prejudicial

(adj) harmful or influencing people unfairly: The judge decided that allowing the video as evidence would be prejudicial to the outcome of the trial.

interracial

(adj) involving different human races: an interracial marriage/relationship The government must act to stamp out interracial hatred and violence.

presentable

(adj) looking suitable or good enough, esp. in the way you are dressed: You need to look presentable for the interview. Giulio was looking quite presentable in a suit and tie. I need to have a wash and make myself presentable for our guests.

unprecedented

(adj) never having happened or existed in the past: This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. This covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown is unprecedented.

monotonous

(adj) not changing and therefore boring: a monotonous job a monotonous voice The music became monotonous after a while.

murky

(adj) not clear,dark or cloudy: murky waters The movie has dumb characters and a murky plot (= it is difficult to understand).

benevolent

(adj)1-kind and helpful: He was a benevolent old man and wouldn't hurt a fly. 2- charitable

modest

(adj)1-not large in size or amount, or not expensive: They live in a fairly modest house, considering their wealth. There has been a modest improvement/recovery in housing conditions for the poor. Just a modest portion for me, please. 2- humble, down-to-earth: He's very modest about his achievements.

repugnant

(adj)If behavior or beliefs, etc. are repugnant, they are very unpleasant, causing a feeling of disgust: I find your attitude toward these women quite repugnant.

unconscionable

(adj)Not guided by conscience; morally wrong unconscionable conduct

superfluous

(adj)exceeding what is sufficient or required, excess or unnecessary

obnoxious

(adj)highly offensive, arousing strong dislike

prolific

(adj)productive, fruitful

pertinent

(adj)relevant

therapeutic

(adj.) having the power to heal or cure; curative

defunct

(adj.) no longer in existence or functioning He was a reporter for the defunct New York newspaper.

sporadically

(adv): occasionally: Though she likes to work, she has only done so sporadically. sporadic(adj): sporadic gunfire = erratic(adj) : She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you. The machine is working erratically(adv) - there must be a loose connection.

indecently

(adv)in a way that is morally offensive and relates to sex: A student was indecently assaulted at a train station.

hieroglyph(ics)

(n) Egyptian writing system

flair

(n)1-natural ability to do something well: He has a flair for languages. 2-a situation in which something is done in an exciting and interesting way: He played with great imagination and flair. It's a competent enough piece of writing but it lacks flair.

adultery

(n)A sexual act between a married person and someone other than their marriage partner

dichotomy

(n)Two opposite parts of one whole There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.

blueprint

(n)a detailed outline or plan for sth

counterpart

(n)a person or thing that does the same job or has the same function as a person or thing in a different organization, etc.: Why should women in top managerial positions earn less than their male counterparts?

subset

(n)a set that is part of a larger set

convulsion

(n)a shaking movement of the body that cannot be controlled, often caused by illness or drugs: The syndrome brought on convulsions.

pastoralist

(n)a sheep or cattle farmer, a farmer who breeds and takes care of tamed animals, especially in Australia: Arab pastoralists moved their herds(flock) across the land.

fraction

(n)a small part of something, or a small amount: Juries often hear only a fraction of the story. Although sexual and violent crimes have increased by 13 percent, they remain only a tiny/small fraction of the total number of crimes committed each year. They can produce it at a fraction of the cost of (= much more cheaply than) traditional methods. Could you just move a fraction to the right, so I can get by?

lien

(n)an official order that allows someone to keep the property of a person who owes them money until the money has been paid back.

edict

(n)an official order, especially one that is given in a forceful and unfair way: The City Council issued an edict against spitting in the street.

apprehension

(n)anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen

emnity

(n)hostility; hatred

lockstep

(n)in complete agreement with someone or something: Usually Republicans are in lockstep with their party's candidate, with 85% or 90% support. (adj)an inflexible procedure, someone, sth, etc. He was unable to endure the lockstep, buttoned-down(old-fashioned) culture.

preliminary

(n)introductory, preparatory

siege

(n)military blockade

contrariety

(n)opposition or inconsistency between two things. "questions that involved much contrariety of opinion"

accomplice

(n)partner in crime

alimony

(n)payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce

Naturalization

(n)the process of becoming a citizen by means other than birth, as in the case of immigrants

intestacy

(n,law) The condition resulting from one's dying not having made a valid will.

gleam

(n,v)to produce or reflect a bright light: He polished the table until it gleamed. His eyes gleamed with/in triumph. the gleam(n) of silver candlesticks.

aspersion

(n.) a damaging or derogatory statement; the act of slandering or defaming to cast doubt/aspersions on sb/sth

misgiving

(n.) a feeling of worry, doubt, or uncertainty

beacon

(n.) a light or other signal that warns and guides; a lighthouse; anything that guides or inspires: As part of the centennial(after 100 years, 1000:millennial) celebrations a chain of beacons was lit across the region. She was a beacon of hope in troubled times.

carbon offsetting (schemes)

(noun U) the process of trying to reduce the damage caused by releasing carbon dioxide into the environment by doing other things that remove carbon dioxide, for example, by planting trees: (or you should pay money to the government If you are going to use air travel)

collide

(v)(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently: The two vans collided at the crossroads. It was predicted that a comet would collide with one of the planets. collision(n):1- the same meaning: There has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the highway. *2- a strong disagreement: There was a collision of interests/opinions. The two countries are on a collision course which could lead to war.

patrol

(v)(especially of soldiers or the police) to go around an area or a building to see if there is any trouble or danger:

superintend

(v)to be in charge of something and make sure that everything is working, being done, etc. as it should be, supervise

atrophy

(v)to become weaker: After several months in a hospital bed, my leg muscles had atrophied. In the 1980s, their political power gradually atrophied I think I've studied French very extensively; I've let it atrophy unfortunately.

degrade

(v)to cause to feel have no value Pornography degrades women. to spoil or destroy the beauty or quality of something: Every day the environment is further degraded by toxic wastes. (n)degradation

encompass

(v)to include several different things: The plan encompasses repaving the street and planting 40 new trees.

abet

(v.) to encourage, assist, aid, support, incite (especially in something wrong or unworthy)

substantive

1(adj)important, serious 2(adj)substantive law is the law that creates or defines rights, duties, obligations, and causes of action that can be enforced by law

distill

1(v)to heat a liquid until it changes to a gas and then make it liquid again by cooling: distilled water/whiskey 2(v)To distill something said or written is to reduce it but keep the most important part: She distilled the report into a paragraph.

stultify

1(v)to make ineffective or useless the performance of the Authority's functions had been stultified by the agent's conduct. 2-cause to lose enthusiasm and initiative, especially as a result of a tedious or restrictive routine. he stultifies her with too much gentleness.

prejudice

1(v)to unfairly influence a person or matter so that an unreasonable opinion or decision results: Both sides pledged not to do anything to prejudice the final outcome. 2(n)an unreasonable opinion, especially about a particular group of people, that is formed without thought or knowledge: prejudice against sb/sth The prejudice against hiring someone 50 or older is unsound, because of the value, wisdom, and experience older people bring to the workforce. racial/religious prejudice (Adj)prejudicial

integrity

1-(n)the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles: He was a man of the highest personal integrity. 2-wholeness and unity: The integrity of the play would be ruined by changing the ending.

amend

(v)to make a change to a law or sth: After that Act was amended to provide for ... amendment(n)

regurgitate

(v)to repeat information without understanding it: People are just regurgitating what they see on TV. 2- to vomit

conjure

(v)to summon or bring into existence as if by magic.

underwrite

(v)to support something that costs money by promising to pay for it, or by promising to pay if necessary to protect others who are risking their money: The museum show was largely underwritten by a grant from the government of Sweden.

endorse

(v)to support,promote

quash

(v,LAW)to state officially that something, especially an earlier official decision, is no longer to be accepted: (quash a conviction/decision/order) His conviction was quashed in March after a lengthy legal battle.

spurt

(v,n)1-to (cause to) flow out suddenly and with force, in a fast stream: His arm was spurting blood where the vein had been severed. 2-(v,n)to increase or grow very quickly

slump

(v,n)a sudden reduction in value, quantity, etc.: Small investors were badly hit by the stock market slump. Sales slumped to an all-time low. 2-to sit or fall heavily and suddenly: She slumped into the chair, exhausted.

go down

1-(of a ship or aircraft) sink or crash. "he saw eleven B-17s go down" 2=be recorded or remembered in a particular way. "his name will go down in history"

thrust(thrust,thrust)

1-(v)to push suddenly and strongly: She thrust the money into his hand. He thrust at me with a stick. 2-(n)the main idea is discussed about: The main thrust of her argument ...

prodigy(n)

A person with great talent; a young genius

anthropological

relating to the study of humankind(adj)

subsoil/ clay/ silt

subsoil#uptoil heavy soil used for making bricks and containers silt: sand or soil that is carried along by flowing water and then dropped, especially at a bend in a river or at a river's opening

shun

to avoid deliberately

supervise

to direct or manage activities

binge

to eat too much of something: I tend to binge on chocolate when I'm watching TV.

associate

to link; to group together

utilize

to make use of

derail

to stop something from succeeding

oval

(adj) egg-shaped : an oval mirror/face

underway

continuing, in progress, already commenced Economic recovery is already underway. It's time to get this project underway (= started)

harness

control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy. young children's innate abilities should be harnessed to make these benefits more achievable. There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power.

epiphany

(n)A moment of sudden revelation(^= realization sth that was secret)

collateral

(n)A security pledged for the repayment of a loan. She put up her house as collateral for the loan.

dynasty

(n)A series of rulers from the same family The Mogul dynasty ruled over India for centuries.

knack

(n)A special talent or skill; ability to do something easily

ratification

(n)Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty

fee simple

(n)The highest interest in real estate recognized by the law; the holder is entitled to all rights to the property.

feud

(n.) a bitter, long-term quarrel; (v.) to fight or quarrel with

see out

(v)last until the end of (a period of time): Some of Norway's most serious offenders see out the final years of their sentences here

corporal

(adj)bodily corporal punishment, such as lashes

bewilder

(v)to confuse someone: The instructions completely bewildered me. (adj)bewildering

construe

(v)to interpret That comment could be construed in either of two ways.

rescind

(v)to repeal, to cancel, take back a decision, or say that an agreement no longer exists: rescind a law/contract/decision

exponential

(adj)increasing rapidly We are looking for exponential growth in our investment.

benign

(adj)kind and gentle; harmless

matrimonial

(adj)marital, related to marriage or people who are married

vestigial

(adj)not developed

commensurate(with)

(adj)proportional, equivalent

pecuniary

(adj)relating to money, monetary non-pecuniary losses

exhaustive

(adj)thorough; complete an exhaustive study/report

meandering/rambling

(adj)too long and confused (a ... speech) moving slowly in no particular direction : a meandering river a rambling roses/house

oblivious

(adj)totally unaware

dire

(adj)very serious or extreme: These people are in dire need of help.

upfront

(adj, adv)speaking or behaving in a way that makes your intentions and beliefs clear: She's very upfront about her feelings. please give the feedback upfront. paid or obtained in advance: The roofer wants 20% of the money upfront.

fiercely

(adv)extremely: She's fiercely competitive/independent. (adj) fierce

devilishly

(adv)extremely: That's a devilishly difficult question.

concurrently

(adv)occurring at the same time, simultaneously

legibly

(adverb) in a way that can be read easily You need to learn how to write more legibly.

precedent

(law,n)a decision about a particular legal case that makes it likely that other similar cases will be decided in the same way: The judgment on pension rights has established/set a precedent. (this word can be used out of law contexts as well) Some politicians fear that agreeing to the concession would set a dangerous precedent.

infringe

(law,v)to break(breach) a rule, law, etc.: Copying videos infringes copyright law. The senator is opposed to any laws that infringe on a citizen's right to free speech.

downhill

(moving) towards the bottom of a hill: It's so much easier running downhill! The route is all downhill from here to the finishing line. #uphill

repeal

(v,n)to cancel an act or law = annul(v) or annulment(n)

promiscuous

(adj) (of a person) having a lot of different sexual partners or sexual relationships, or (of sexual habits) involving a lot of different partners: I suppose I was quite promiscuous in my youth. promiscuously(adv) Some people enjoy promiscuously casual sex in later life. #monogamous

bimbo

a young woman considered attractive but stupid

pathetic

arousing pity, especially through vulnerability or sadness.

fed up with

bored, annoyed, or disappointed, especially by something that you have experienced for too long

evoke

bring or recall to the conscious mind

could be relieved by

could be rescued by/ become less by

abrupt

(adj):sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant: an abrupt change/movement Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room. abruptly(adv): He stood up abruptly and went outside. The talks ended abruptly when one of the delegations walked out in protest.

contention

1- disagreement; 2- thesis(the main opinion of a speaker) 3-competition

cross your mind

think about something for a short time

amble

to walk slowly

heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual

(adj)straight, attracted to both men and women, gay

perverse

(adj)strange and not what most people would expect or enjoy: Jack was being perverse and refusing to agree with anything we said. She took a perverse pleasure in hearing that her sister was getting divorced.

averse

(adj)strongly disliking or opposed to: I'm not averse to (= I like) the occasional glass of wine myself. Aversion(n): I felt an instant aversion to his parents.

paraplegic

(adj,n) paralyzed from the waist down (paralyze(v): to cause a person, animal, or part of the body to lose the ability to move or feel, or figuratively to cause sth to stop working or acting normal: A sudden snowstorm paralyzed the city)

bloated

(adj.) - swollen, bigger than desired and rounded because of containing too much air, liquid, or food: a bloated stomach a bloated (= uncomfortably full) feeling a bloated capitalist I feel bloated from having too much to eat.

turgid

(adj.) 1-swollen, bloated, filled to excess; 2- overdecorated or excessive in language turgid prose turgid rain clouds

buoyant

(adj.) able to float easily 2-(Adj)cheerful, hopeful: he was in a buoyant mood. 3-(Adj)booming: The car sales were not buoyant

salutary

(adj.) beneficial, helpful; healthful, wholesome

integral

(adj.) essential or necessary parts of a whole, necessary for completeness Without the integral ingredient of flour, you wouldn't be able to make bread.

forthright

(adj.) frank, direct, straightforward, honest

counterfeit

(adj/n/v)fake /forgery/ forge

drudgery

(n) hard boring work: the drudgery of housework

Risk factor (determinant)

(n) is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection Other studies point to high calorie fast food. But Levi says there are other risk factors. Soil and climate are the main determinants of how land is used.

onomatopoeia

(n) the act of creating or using words that include sounds that are similar to the noises the words refer to

convoy

(n): a group of ships or vehicles that travel together, esp. for protection: a convoy of supply ships aid convoy

equation

(n)In the 'equation' 3x - 3 = 15, x equals 6. I tried Arabic to get the other half of the equation of the history of the Middle East. When you're starting your own business, difficulties and frustrations are part of the equation.

consignment

(n)a batch of goods destined for or delivered to someone

monarch

(n)a king or queen: a hereditary/constitutional monarch

anarchy

(n)a lack of organization and control in a society or group, esp. because either there is no government or it has no power: Civil war has led to anarchy. Belief in freedom doesn't make you an anarchist.

amplitude

(n)a large amount or wide range: The sheer amplitude of the novel invites comparisons with Tolstoy.

conglomeration

(n)a large group or mass of different things gathered together, a collection of unrelated things: The dish is a wonderful conglomeration of sausage, chicken, seafood, and rice.

trade-off

(n)a situation in which you balance two opposing situations or qualities: There is a trade-off between doing the job accurately and doing it quickly. She said that she'd had to make a trade-off between her job and her family. 2-a situation in which you accept something bad in order to have something good: For some car buyers, lack of space is an acceptable trade-off for a sporty design.

vent

(n)a small opening that allows air, smoke, or gas to enter or leave a closed space( Ross got it open when they wanted to get out of the locked room :D)

watershed

(n)an event or period that is important because it represents a big change in how people do or think about something: =^milestone The year 1969 was a watershed in her life - she changed her career and remarried.

condolence

(n)an expression of sympathy esp. for the family of a person who has recently died

idyll

(n)an extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque period or situation, typically an idealized or unsustainable one. (adj) idyllic an idyllic childhood/summer an idyllic village in Iran

angst

(n)anxiety; fear; dread

mayhem

(n)chaos

magnitude

(n)greatness of size, strength, or importance of sth

toil

(n)hard work, especially work that makes you feel physically tired: Lindi has achieved her comfortable life only after years of hard toil. 2-(v)Farm workers have been toiling in the 100-degree heat over the past week.

ramification

(n)implication, consequence( of an action, obviously!)

infidelity

(n)sexual activity outside one's marriage, disloyalty

entity

(n)something that exists apart from other things, having its own independent existence: The museums work closely together, but are separate legal entities. He regarded the north of the country as a separate cultural entity.

wedlock

(n)state of marriage

prolongation

(n)the act of making something last a longer time: More research is being done into the prolongation of life. Given the current situation, this timeframe is prone to more prolongation (v)prolong: to make something last a longer time: We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong our stay by another week. She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, prolonging the pleasure.

rescission

(n)the act of officially ending a law, taking back a decision, or saying that an agreement no longer exists: All investors have rescission rights. They are seeking a rescission of the merger and unspecified damages.

sequestration

(n)the act of taking temporary possession of someone's property until they have paid money that is owed or obeyed a court order: This would do nothing to halt the sequestration of property in the former colony.

hyperbolic

(adj)With exaggeration He wrote in very hyperbolic terms.

plenary

(adj)absolute, complete

arbitrary

(adj)based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason: arbitrary decision-making Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?

laden

(adj)carrying or holding a lot of something: He always comes back from France laden with presents for everyone. The table, as always, was laden with food.

imperative

(adj)extremely necessary; vitally important the constitutional imperative

sweeping

(adj)having broad range or effect, extensive: It is obvious that sweeping changes are needed in the legal system. 2-sweeping win( NBA :D)

impeding

(adj)hindering, sth that hold you back [impede (v); impediment (n)]

gratuitous

(adj)not necessary; with no reasonable cause: There were too many gratuitous personal insults throughout the debate.

rot

(v)to (cause something to) decay: The fruit had been left to rot on the trees. the smell of rotting fruit

engender

(v)to cause, to produce, to create

implicate

(v)to incriminate, to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened: Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?

incense

(v)to infuriate: The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on class. (adj) incensed: He was incensed by the suggestion that .... =(mad, angry, livid, infuriated, furious, )

enjoin

(v)to legally force someone to do something or stop doing something

nepotism/cronyism

(n, U): favors shown by those in high positions to relatives and friends, favoritism shown to friends and associates (as by appointing them to positions without regard for their qualifications)

itinerary

(n, countable) a detailed plan or route of a trip: We planned our itinerary several weeks before the trip.

whiz

(n, infromal) a person with a very high level of skill or knowledge in a particular subject: a computer whiz He's a whiz at poker. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates were whiz kids; they were tech giants.

contain

(v) 1-to have something inside 2- control: More police were sent to help contain the violence.

accrue

(v)1-to accumulate over time: Interest will accrue on the account at a rate of seven percent. 2-if a payment or an advantage accrues to you, you receive it or have the right to receive it: Building societies are mutually owned, and benefits accrue to members rather than shareholders.

abjure

(v)to reject; abandon formally, to renounce

concoct

(v.) 1-to prepare by combining ingredients, make up (as a dish); 2-to devise, invent, fabricate He concocted a story about working late at the office. concoction(n)

absolve

(v.) to clear from blame, responsibility, or guilt =exculpate, clear,exonerate

ensue

(v.) to follow in order, come immediately after and as a result

accrue

(v.) to grow or accumulate over time; Interest will accrue on the account at a rate of seven percent. From imported document accrued(adj)

adjourn

(v.) to stop proceedings temporarily

exhibit

1(v)show sth publicly 2(n)an object that is shown to the public in a museum, etc.: The museum has a fascinating collection of exhibits 3(n,LAW)a thing used as evidence (= proof that something is true) in a trial: Is exhibit C the weapon that you say was used?

hay

(U,noun)tall grass that is cut, dried, and used as animal food or as covering material: a bale of hay

(un)repentant, (im)penitent

(adj)(formal) not sorry or ashamed about something bad you have done:(and vice versa) To this day she remains impenitent about her criminal past.

principal

(adj): first in order of importance: Iraq's principal export is oil (n): a person in charge of a school

futile

(adj)achieving no result; not effective

distraught

(adj)extremely anxious and upset: We were all distraught over the loss of our homes in the flood. 'The missing child's distraught parents' made an emotional appeal for information on TV.

ecstatic

(adj)extremely happy: The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd.

imperative

(adj)extremely necessary; vitally important

stale

(adj)no longer fresh The bread/cookies/cake had gone stale. The morning after the party, their apartment smelled like stale cigarette smoke.

indefeasible

(adj)not able to be lost, annulled, or overturned indefeasible right, title, etc.

incidental

(adj)not essential; minor

patrilineal

(adj)relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father compare to matrilineal (mother)

sparing

(adj)restrained in the use of resources, avoiding waste and using very little of sth(frugal, economical): Be sparing with the butter as there isn't much left. He is sparing with/in his praise sparingly(adv)

boorish

(adj)rude and not considering other people's feelings: I found him rather boorish and aggressive. The boorish behavior of some tourists is embarrassing.

axiomatic

(adj)self-evident, unquestionable: It was axiomatic that prices and interest rates should be kept down. axiomatically(adv)

outrageous

(adj)shocking and morally unacceptable, or just shocking: The judge criticized the "outrageous greed" of some of the bankers. outrageous clothes/behavior

outlaw

(n):a person who has broken the law and who lives separately from the other parts of society because they want to escape legal punishment: Robin Hood was an outlaw who lived in the forest and stole from the rich to give to the poor. (v):to make something illegal or unacceptable: The new law will outlaw smoking in public places.

expatriate

(n)A large community of expatriates has settled there. =expat: a British expat who's been living in Amsterdam for 14 years"

despot

(n)a dictator with absolute power, a tyrant

ordeal

(n)a difficult or painful experience

virtue

(n)a good moral quality in a person or an advantage or benefit: Patience is a virtue. Would there be any virtue in taking an earlier train? 'by virtue of'= because of; as a result of: She succeeded by virtue of her tenacity rather than her talent.

altercation

(n)a heated argument, quarrel

inkling

(n)a hint; a vague notion, a slight suspicion

mob

(n)a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent/ or a group of friend: The angry mob outside the jail was ready to riot. (v)to come together around someone in a crowd to express admiration, interest, or anger: They were mobbed by fans when they arrived at the theater.

writ

(n)a legal document from a court of law which orders someone to do something or not to do something

beam

(n)a line of light that shines from a bright object: The rabbit stopped, mesmerized by the beam of the car's headlights. the beam of the flashlight, light a laser beam, an electron beam

chinwag

(n)a long and pleasant conversation between friends: We had a good chinwag over a bottle of wine.

miscellany

(n)a mixture of various things

paradigm

(n)a model; an example

alarmist

(n)a person who exaggerates a danger, scares and, worries others needlessly

inflammation

(n)a red, painful, and often swollen area in or on a part of your body: Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation.

sect

(n)a religious group that has separated from a larger religion and is considered to have extreme or unusual beliefs or customs: When he was 16 he ran away from home and joined a religious sect.

circuit

(n)a series of events or places that are regularly visited by a particular group of people: a lecture/conference/speaking circuit: For the past two years he has been on the international lecture circuit, ... 2(law) an area under the authority of a particular court

accommodating

(adj.) obliging, helpful(the other meaning=useful

lavish

(adj.) overly generous, extravagant, spending, giving, or using more than is necessary or reasonable; more than enough: lavish spending/praise/... The team has the most lavish training facility in the league. lavishly(adv)

nimble

(adj.) quick and skillful in movement, agile; clever He has a nimble mind. He's so nimble, you can't catch him!

sacrosanct

(adj.) very sacred or holy; inviolable; thought to be too important or too special to be changed: His time with his children was sacrosanct. sacrosanctity(n): sacrosanctity of private property

amenable

(adj.) willing to follow advice or authority, tractable, submissive; responsive; liable to be held responsible they would be held amenable to British law now the island was annexed. He was amenable to suggestion, and really worked hard to improve himself.

contemporary

(adj.): existing or happening now: contemporary literature/music belonging to the same or a stated period in the past: She's been reading contemporary accounts of New York from the early 1900s. (n.): a person who is the same age as you: The language you use with your contemporaries may not be appropriate in the classroom. someone living during the same period as another: Franklin and Jefferson were contemporaries.

morbidly

(adv),(morbid=adj) a way that shows too much interest in unpleasant subjects, especially death: You don't want to spend your life morbidly thinking about your old age and death. 2- in a way relates to or is caused by disease: About 15 million Americans are morbidly obese.

en masse

(adv)all together, as a group (in one mass) = en bloc The store's 85 workers have resigned en masse.

acutely

(adv)completely or extremely: Management is acutely aware of the resentment that their decision may cause. She acutely identified all the main problems. acute(adj)(same meaning as its verb)

clandestinely

(adv)secretly (adj)clandestine

fad

(n)a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time: = trend the latest health fad

ardor

(n)enthusiasm or passion

composite

(n)made up of separate parts, combination or blend

provocation

(n)something that provokes, an action that is intended to cause a reaction, esp. anger or annoyance: a deliberate act of provocation

bum

a person who avoids work, a lazy person, someone who has no home or job and lives by asking other people for money

mastery

complete control of something

in turn

one after the other, in order: She spoke to each of the guests in turn.

ransom

payment demanded for the release of a person or property (n) The kidnappers demanded a huge ransom. Verb to pay money in order to set someone free: Her father ransomed her for a million dollars

tranquil(adj)

peaceful, calm tranquility(n) tranquilize(v) The tranquility of the forest helps me relax.

revitalization

the process of making something grow, develop, or become successful again: revitalization plans/programs/projects

circumcise

to cut the protecting loose skin off a boy's or man's penis or a girl's or woman's sexual organs (=Female genital mutilation) (n)circumcision

gainsay

to deny; dispute; challenge sth

demolish

to destroy

relinquish

to let go, give up He has relinquished his claim to the throne.

to flock back

to migrate back/ to return

shiver

to shake because of cold or fear He shivered with cold in his thin cotton shirt.

reluctant

# (adj) excited, not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it: [ + to infinitive ] I was having such a good time I was reluctant to leave. Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their children. She persuaded her reluctant husband to take a trip to Florida with her.

billet

(n,v)a place, usually a civilian's house or other nonmilitary facility, where soldiers are lodged temporarily, or to accommodate them in such places.

nitty-gritty

(noun) the most basic, important parts or practical details. Let's get down to the nitty-gritty - how much will it cost?

pirated

(of music, movies, computer programs, etc.) illegally copied and sold: a pirated video pirated software (v) pirate

vagaries

(plural noun)unexpected events or changes that cannot be controlled and can influence a situation: The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather.

antagonize

(v)to annoy or provoke to anger

philanthropy

(n)the giving away of money, esp. in large amounts, to organizations that help people: Minnesota has long been considered a beacon of philanthropy. a philanthropic(adj) organization As a philanthropist(n,person) he donated substantial sums to many educational and charitable institutions.

Externality

(n)the impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander (ex: pollution)

preamble

(n)the introduction to a formal document, especially the Constitution

sovereignty

(n)the power of a country to control its own government, similar to autonomy

Solidarity

(n)unity or agreement of feeling or action: Protesters sang the anthem to symbolize solidarity against China.

conjecture

(n,v)A guess or to guess, often one based on inadequate or faulty evidence

appease

(v)to make (someone) satisfied, make peace with, to prevent further disagreement by giving to the other side something that they have demanded

dissuade

(v)to persuade not to do something, deter, discourage

repudiate

(v)to refuse to accept something or someone as true, good, or reasonable: I utterly repudiate those remarks. (n)repudiation

overthrow

(v)to remove forcibly from power The government in Chile was overthrown by the army.

stipulate

(v)to say exactly how something must be or must be done: The law stipulates that new cars must have seat belts for the driver and every passenger. We have signed a contract which stipulates when the project must be completed.

(on) remand

(v)to send someone accused of committing a crime away from court until his or her trial begins: The accused was remanded in custody (= kept in prison before the trial began) for a week.

startle

(v)to slightly scare or surprise (sth,sb) startled(adj)

disfigure

(v)to spoil the appearance of something or someone, especially their face, completely: She was horribly disfigured by burns.

disseminate

(v)to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people: One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the disease.

ignite(reignite)

(v)to start burning, or to cause something to start burning: The fuel spontaneously ignites because of the high temperature and pressure. (fig) to ignite a controversy

stagnate

(v)to stay the same and not grow or develop: The electronics industry is showing signs of stagnating after 15 years of growth. My music career has stagnated.

stomp on sb/sth

(v)to step down hard on someone or something: (figuratively or literally) I stomped on his toes and ran away. This is another example of the big companies joining together to stomp on small businesses. (to treat and defeat someone or something badly)

trample

(v)to step heavily on or crush someone or something (or figuratively to act without any respect for someone or something:) The commuter in a hurry tramples anyone who gets in the way. fig. An employer cannot trample on the rights of employees (= damage or destroy them).

admonish

(v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty His mother admonished him for eating too quickly.

improvise

(v.) to compose or perform without preparation

foster

1- to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings: I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children. 2- to take care of a child, usually for a limited time, without being the child's legal parent: Would you consider fostering (a child)?

hail

1. (noun,v) pellets of ice, or if it hails ... 2. (verb) greet, call out 3. (verb) praise

spout

1. to send out something, especially a liquid, in a stream with great force; to come out of something in this way: The volcano spouted flames and red-hot rocks. 2. (inf)to speak a lot about something; to repeat something in a boring or annoying way: He spouts a load of pretentious nonsense and people are stupid enough to believe him! I really don't want to listen to Mike spouting on/off all afternoon. 3-a tube-shaped opening that allows liquids to be poured out of a container: a teapot with a spout

extramarital

An extramarital sexual relationship is one between a married person and someone who is not their husband or wife: an extramarital affair

appurtenant

Belonging; pertinent secondary buildings that are appurtenant to the main building

permissive inference

If you find the existence of fact A, then you "may" (but need not) infer the existence of fact B.

eclectic

Methods, beliefs, ideas, etc. that are eclectic combine whatever seem the best or most useful things from many different areas or systems, rather than following a single system: an eclectic taste in literature

hit me

One day it hit me that I have to build my future with becoming a lawyer! (Sudden strong realization or discovery )

Tipping point, threshold level

The time at which a change or an effect cannot be stopped: The earth has already passed the tipping point in terms of global warming.

adapted

To change something to make it fit a new use; to adjust to something new, converted He drives a specially adapted car. Both trees are well adapted to London's dry climate and dirty air.

insulate(v), insulation(n)

To cover with a material that keeps electricity, heat, or sound from escaping.

notion

a belief or idea: [ + that ] The show's director rejects the notion that seeing violence on television has a harmful effect on children. I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living.

superstition

a belief that is not based on reason or scientific thinking and that explains the causes for events in ways that are connected to magic

offshoot

a branch, something that has developed from something larger that already existed: It's an offshoot of a much larger company based in Sydney.

observatory

a building designed for observing the stars and planets

tweak

change in small ways

equestrian(adj)

connected with the riding of horses equestrian trails

perilous

dangerous

suffocate

deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing Or to (cause someone to) die because of not having enough oxygen

frantic

done in a very great hurry and often in a state of excitement or confusion: Rescuers made frantic efforts to dig out people buried by the mudslide. people shopping at a frantic pace

predominantly

mainly(adv) a predominantly Muslim community

underfed

not getting adequate food "some breeders intentionally underfeed their pups to keep them small"

usufructuary

one having the use or enjoyment of something.

scarce

rare scarce resource

set out

to start a journey

nutty

1-taste like nut 2- silly

whip sth up

1-to encourage or cause people to have strong feelings about something: She criticized the organization for trying to whip up anti-immigrant prejudice. 2-to make food or a meal very quickly and easily: I have just enough time to whip up an omelet.

obstetrician (OB)

A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, labor, and delivery

euphoria (n.)/euphoric (adj.)

A feeling of great happiness or well-being

plunge

1-(n,v)jump or dive quickly and energetically( it can be used literally or figuratively) We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea. Two months before his finals, he suddenly plunged into his studies. 2-push or thrust quickly: he plunged his hands into his pockets *plunge(sth,sb) into sth: to suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness, or to make someone or something suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness: The country was plunged into recession. He was plunged into despair when his wife left him.

leap

1-make a large jump or sudden movement: He leaped out of his car and ran toward the house. 2-to provide help, protection, etc. very quickly: He leaped to his friend's defense. Mr. Davies leaped in to explain.

asylum

1-protection or safety, especially that given by a government to people who have been forced to leave their own countries for their safety or because of war: to seek/apply/ask for political asylum 2-a hospital for people with mental illnesses: a lunatic asylum

temporal

1-relating to practical matters or physical things, rather than spiritual ones, secular 2-relating to time

sunshade

a type of umbrella used for protecting your face and head from the sun

set aside

set aside sth: 1-to save for a particular purpose: He sets aside some time every day to read to his children. 2-to decide not to consider something or say sth is no longer in effect: The court of appeals set aside his conviction.

Sensation

stimulation of sense organs

oracy

the ability to speak clearly and grammatically correctly: Debating helps students develop their oracy skills.

Suspension

the act of making someone leave a job or school or stop doing an activity, usually as a punishment or the act of stopping something happening, operating, etc. for a period of time: [ C ] Stevens will begin his three-day suspension Tuesday. The union is protesting about the suspension of a restaurant worker. suspension bridge (look the picture of that up on the Internet)

interrogation

the act of questioning (someone, esp. a suspect or a prisoner) either aggressively or formally

implementation

the act of starting to use a plan or system implementation of the law/agreement =execution

Pollination

the process in which pollen is taken from one plant or part of a plant to another so that new plant seeds can be produced

cogency

the quality of being clear, logical, and convincing; lucidity The message lacks cogency. cogent(adj) or lucid(adj)

transparency

the quality of being easy to see through: This plastic has the transparency of glass.

tide

the rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean high/low tide

stub

the short piece of paper left in a cheque book after a cheque has been removed, or sth like that for cigarette, pencil, ... pay stub

maternity

the state of being a mother Maternity dress

come along

to arrive or appear at a place Go now and I'll come along later. a chance like this doesn't come along every day.

impair

to damage or weaken something so that it is less effective: Lack of sleep impaired her ability to think clearly. impairment(n) damaged or weakened: She attended a school for the visually impaired (= people who cannot see well). (adj)

wreck

to destroy

cherish

to feel or show great love for; to value highly; to take special care of That is the memory that I will always cherish.

whisper

to speak very quietly, using the breath but not the voice, so that only the person close to you can hear you: She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.

stray

to start thinking or talking about a different subject from the one you should be giving attention to: I think we've strayed too far from our original plan. Sorry - I've strayed from the subject. to travel along a route that was not originally intended, or to move outside a limited area: They got lost when they strayed too far from the path.

keep up

to stay level or equal with someone or something: You run too fast - I can't keep up. I read the papers to keep up with what's happening in the outside world. They pioneered the product, but now they have to keep up with the competition as regards innovation and price.

frown

(#smile) a facial expression of dislike or displeasure: (v):She frowned at me, clearly annoyed. He frowned as he read the instructions, as if puzzled. (n):"Leave me alone!" she said with a frown.

infectious

(Adj)contagious,able to be passed from one person an infectious laugh infectious enthusiasm an infectious disease

tiresome

(Adj)tiring; boring; annoying

discursive

(adj) 1-involving discussion: a discursive essay (formal) 2- talking about or dealing with subjects that are only slightly connected with the main subject for longer than necessary, digressing from subject to subject: a discursive writer/speech students often write dull, second-hand, discursive prose.

heavyset

(adj) Someone who is heavyset has a large, wide, strong body. He is a heavyset man.

tentative

(adj)uncertain tentative conclusion

immutable

(adj)unchangeable #mutable

futile

(adj)useless; pointless

rein

(n) a long, thin piece of material, especially leather, that helps you to control and direct a horse: You pull on both reins to stop or slow a horse, but only the left rein to turn left.

reveler

(n)a celebrant who shares in a noisy party

endowment

(n)a gift of money that will provide an income for a college or university, a hospital, or other organization: We are trying to set up an endowment to support the library. endowment effect: an emotional bias that causes individuals to value an owned object higher, often irrationally.

shortcoming

(n)a weakness or fault, a failure to reach a particular standard: Like any political system, it has its shortcomings.

liability

(n)reponsibility,the fact that someone is legally responsible for something: He denies any liability for the damage caused.

prerequisite

(n)requirement

indicia

(n)signs, indications, or distinguishing marks

hail

(n)small, hard balls of ice that fall from the sky like rain

janitor

(n)someone employed to clean and maintain a building

predecessor

(n)someone or something that came before another

admiralty

(n)the jurisdiction of courts of law over cases concerning ships or the sea and other navigable waters.

stoic

(n,adj)someone who does not complain or show their emotions: We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude. Local people were stoic about the damage caused by the hurricane. My father is a stoic by nature and found it hard to express his grief when my mother died.

curtail

(v)To cut short or reduce The governor's lawmaking abilities were curtailed by the Chief Justice

constrict

(v)to become tighter and narrower, or to make something become tighter and narrower: The drug causes the blood vessels to constrict. He hated wearing a tie - he felt it constricted his breathing.

conflate

(v)to combine into one

expound

(v)to explain in detail; to clarify

refute

(v)to prove to be false to refute a person/theory/argument/claim

thwart

(v)to stop something from happening or someone from doing something: Our vacation plans were thwarted by the airline pilots' strike The city council thwarted his reform efforts. =rule out

postulate

(v)to suggest or accept that a theory or idea is true as a starting point for reasoning or discussion: Astronomers postulate that the comet will reappear in 4000 years.

bolster

(v)to support or improve something or make it stronger

underpin

(v)to support or strengthen Falling unemployment was likely to underpin consumer confidence.

dismantle

(v)to take a machine apart or to come apart into separate pieces: She dismantled the washing machine to see what the problem was, but couldn't put it back together again. he government voted to dismantle its nuclear warheads.(the end of a bomb or missile that contains explosives)

brandish

(v)wave or flourish (something, especially a weapon) as a threat or in anger or excitement: a man leaped out brandishing a knife.

remit

(v, law)1-to refer a matter to someone in authority to deal with: She remitted the case to a new tribunal for reconsideration. 2-to send money to someone: He worked as a builder in Chicago and remitted half his monthly wage to his family in the Philippines.

canvass

(v.) 1-to go through an area in order to procure votes, sales, or opinions 2-to go over in detail; to discuss

scavenge

(v.) To search through or pick over, looking for something usable,to look for or get food or other objects in other people's rubbish: The flood has left people and animals desperately scavenging for food.

attune

(v.) adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with My ears are beginning to attune to the subtle differences in intonation. (adj)attuned to

evolve

(v.) to develop or change gradually; to rise to a higher level

ostracize (v) , ostracism (n)

(v.) to exclude from a group, banish, send away

oust

(v.) to remove, drive out of a position or place: The president was ousted (from power) in a military coup in January 1987. Security of Payment Act ousted the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to make an order.

diffuse

(v.) to spread or scatter in many directions and widely; (adj.) not clear or easy to understand; or scattered and widely spread we should work on the most important tasks, rather than diffusing our time on less important things. The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water. a diffuse literary style a diffuse light

slip in

1 : to include especially without warning or in a way that is not obvious He managed to slip in a few jokes during his speech. 2 : to enter a place without being noticed She slipped in through the back door.

distorted

1 pulled or twisted out of shape; contorted. 2 giving a misleading or false account or impression; misrepresented: his report gives a distorted view of the meeting.

generic

1(adj)relating to or shared by a whole group of similar things; not specific to any particular thing: Jazz is a generic term for a wide range of different styles of music. 2-(adj,n)generic products do not have a brand name and do not legally belong to a particular company,

deed

1(law)the official document transferring ownership from seller to buyer 2 an act whether good or bad

raft

1(n)a flat floating structure for traveling across water, moved by paddles a rubber/inflatable raft 2-a large number or range; a lot: a raft of data

blunt

1(v,n):A blunt pencil, knife, etc. is not sharp and therefore not able to write, cut, etc. well. to make something less sharp 2(v): My recent bad experience has blunted my enthusiasm for travel. 3(n)saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings: I'll be blunt - that last piece of work you did was terrible. I'm a blunt person.

issue

1- an important topic or problem for debate or discussion 2- to produce or provide something official: the school issued a statement about its plans to the press

refugee

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

oasis

1-(literally, noun) small area in a desert where water and vegetation are found 2-(figuratively) a pleasant or peaceful area or period in the midst of a difficult or hectic place or situation. the park is an oasis of calm in the center of the city

sketch

1-(n)a simple, quickly made drawing(or a description): a pen and ink sketch My mother made a (pencil) sketch of my brother reading a book. a biographical sketch 2-a short, humorous part of a stage, television, or radio show: She helped write a sketch for a comedy show.

miscarriage

1-(n)an early, unintentional end to a pregnancy when the baby is born too early and dies because it has not developed enough:(#it's not the same as abortion) I had two miscarriages before I gave birth to my daughter. 2-A miscarriage of justice is a wrong decision in a court of law, or any unfair decision: He spent nine years in prison for a crime he didn't commit - it was a great miscarriage of justice. (v) for both meanings: miscarry

concession

1-(n)compromise: Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterday's talks. He stated firmly that no concessions will be made to the terrorists. 2-the act of admitting defeat: The former president's concession came even before all the votes had been counted.

menstruating(v)

Having a period, as a part of a menstrual(adj) cycle

quota

a limited or fixed number or amount of people or things, in particular.

enterprise

an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan: Don't forget this is a commercial enterprise - we're here to make money. eagerness to do something new and clever, despite any risks: We need someone with enterprise and imagination to design a marketing strategy.

an alien abduction

being secretly kidnapped by nonhuman figures

poise(n)

calm confidence in a person's way of behaving, or a quality of grace (= moving in an attractive way) and balance in the way a person holds or moves their body: He looked embarrassed for a moment, then quickly regained his poise. Her confidence and poise show that she is a top model.

Landlocked

completely surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea My country is not landlocked!

immersive

completely surrounding someone; placing someone fully into a certain environment( for media, theatre, game, .. )

Kinesthetic

connected with the ability to know where the parts of your body are and how they are moving: It was claimed there were three main learning styles: visual, auditory and kinesthetic.

splendid

excellent, or beautiful and impressive: We had splendid food/a splendid holiday/splendid weather. You look splendid in that outfit.

perjury

false testimony under oath

sawdust

he dust and small pieces of wood that are produced when you cut wood with a saw :)

apathy/apathetic

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern

olfactory

relating to the sense of smell/ability of smell

relentlessly (adv)

remaining strict or determined

impulsive

showing behavior in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have:(could be positive and negative) Don't be so impulsive - think before you act. impulsively(adv)

detract from

to make something seem less valuable or less deserving of admiration these quibbles in no way detract from her achievement.

vote with your feet

to show your opinion by leaving an organization or by no longer supporting, using, or buying something: When the price of skiing doubled, tourists voted with their feet and just stopped going.

patronize

to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important: Stop patronizing me - I understand the play as well as you do.

despotic

(adj)tyrannical, authoritarian

craze

fad, trend

invincible

(adj)unbeatable

envision

(v)predict: He envisioned a partnership between business and government. The company envisions adding at least five stores next year.

manifold

many and various(adj)

append

(v)attach; add as a supplement

parol

(n)Legal term that distinguishes oral statements from written statements. parol evidence Testimony of the parties

infraction

(n)Minor violation of a rule or law traffic infraction

contour

(n)Shape or outline of a shape the rugged contour of the coast I really need to know the contours of legal right.

bicameral

(n)A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses

drainage

Removal of groundwater or surface water, or of water from structures, by gravity or pumping. drainage system / dental drainage

intimidate

To frighten, especially by threatening someone

startle

To scare or surprise ( shock )

Cave

Verb: informal:to agree to something that you would not agree to before, after someone has persuaded you or threatened you: After protests from customers, the company caved and removed the item from its stores

catch-22

a dilemma or difficult circumstance from which there is no escape because of mutually conflicting or dependent conditions. But it is a catch-22 situation - you can't get people without funding, but you can't get funding without the people there in the first place.

tranquilizer

a drug that makes people or animals calm = almost like as painkiller ( pain reliever )

hedgehog

What sort of animal is the video game character Sonic?

lagoon

an area of sea water separated from the ocean by a reef (= a line of rocks and sand)

hangman

an executioner who hangs condemned people

Straighten up

a) to sit up or stand tall. b) to groom or tidy oneself b) to behave oneself or be mature a)Alright everyone, straighten up. We have a special guest today. b) You look a bit disheveled, perhaps you can go and straighten up before the presentation to managers. c) Teacher: Please straighten up, or you will not be allowed into the palace.

inland

adj. Remote from the sea.

relentless

adj. continuing in a determined way without any interruption: the relentless pursuit of wealth and power relentlessly(adv)

perseverant

adj. determined to finish, not to give up

disparate

adj. different/ diverse

concise

adj. short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words

exert

make a great effort at a mental or physical task

miser

mean, stingy, scrooge

nomadic

moving from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time: a nomadic life/existence

unidirectional

moving in one direction a unidirectional wind

a tycoon/ a magnate/ a bigwig

n. A wealthy and powerful businessperson.

scrutiny

n. Close examination.

upbringing

n. The care and training a child gets while growing up.

to the exclusion of (all others)

not allowing someone or something else to be included

striking

noticeable, remarkable

munitions

noun [plural] military weapons such as guns and bombs: a munitions factory

noose

one end of a rope tied to form a circle that can be tightened round something such as a person's neck to hang (= kill) them: They put him on the back of a horse and looped a noose around his neck.

poised(adj)

ready to do a particular thing at any moment: The military forces are poised for attack. 2- same as poise (n) Angela is a polite, poised young woman.

trolley

= cart ( US )

vest(v)

= confer legislative power vested by the Constitution

notwithstanding

=despite

rebut

=refute, to argue that a statement or claim is not true: He appeared on TV to rebut the charges against him. irrebutable(adj) ,irrebuttably(adv) sth that impossible to rebut

lucrative

(adj) (especially of a business, job, or activity) producing a lot of money: The owner and general manager offered the player a lucrative lifetime contract. = profitable

misdemeanor

(n)a crime considered to be one of the less serious types of crime: He was convicted in court on a misdemeanor charge. #felony: a felony charge He was convicted of a felony.

faucet

(n)a device that controls the flow of liquid, especially water, from a pipe: the hot/cold faucet Turn the faucet on/off. (=tap UK)

schadenfreude

(n)a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction when something bad happens to someone else

spartan

(Adjsevere with no comfort,comfortless a spartan diet/meal

impeccable

(adj)flawless

unwed

(adj)unmarried

impoverishment

(n)the condition of being or becoming very poor

glacier

A large mass of moving ice and snow on land

attachment(law)

A legal process by which a court of law, at the request of a creditor, designates specific property owned by the debtor to be transferred to the creditor, or sold for the benefit of the creditor.

gobsmacked

(inf,adj)utterly astonished, so surprised that you cannot speak: He was completely gobsmacked when he won the award.

compromise

(n and v):1- an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree: It is hoped that a compromise(n) will be reached in today's talks. let's compromise at/on $350. 2- to allow your principles to be less strong Don't compromise your beliefs/principles for the sake of being accepted. 3-to risk having a harmful effect on something

margin

(n)1-the amount by which one thing is different from another: The Senate approved the use of military force by a margin of 52 votes to 47. 2-the outer edge of an area:(literally or figuratively): If I have any comments to make, I'll write them in the margin. Using cheap labor increases profit margin

circulation

(n)1-the movement of blood inside the body 2- is the movement of air or water in a space or system: (U)The fans in the air circulation system make a lot of noise. 3-A magazine or newspaper's circulation is the number of people who read it: (C)The Chronicle has a daily circulation of 505,000. 4-If something is in circulation, it is available: (U) Are the new dollar coins in circulation yet? 5-If something is out of circulation, it is not available: (U) The company takes its movies out of circulation, then shows them again. (U, fig.infml) She's been out of circulation since her accident.

restoration

(n)the act or process of returning something to its earlier good condition or position(similar to renovation, compare to remodeling), or to its owner: Restoration work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling is now complete. A large majority of the population is demanding the restoration of the former government.

ejectment

(n)the action or process of evicting a tenant from property: the landlord shall serve a writ in ejectment.

copywriting

(n)the activity or occupation of writing the text of advertisements or publicity material. I've started freelance(self-employed) copywriting in the evenings and at weekends

deficit

(n)the amount by which money spent is more than money received: The theater has been operating at a deficit of over $150,000 a year. The UK's deficit in manufactured goods fell slightly in the last three months

morale

(n)the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation: A couple of victories would improve the team's morale enormously. There have been a lot of job losses recently, so morale is fairly low.

remit

(n)the area that a person or group of people in authority has responsibility for or control over: The remit of this official inquiry is to investigate the reasons for the accident. (v)1- to send money to someone, especially as a payment for something 2-to order a legal case to be dealt with in a different court of law: be remitted to the court/tribunal 3-to state legally that someone does not have to do something, for example pay a debt: The fine was calculated at £3,500 but was subsequently remitted. She has had part of her sentence remitted.

undoing

(n)the cause of someone's failure, or of someone's loss of power or money: Greed has been the undoing of many a businessman.

captivity

(n)the condition of being imprisoned or confined (adj)captive= captive animals, soliders, etc.

genocide

(n)the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

girth

(n)the distance around something The oak was six feet in girth

brink

(n)the edge or verge of something(figuratively or literally) Scientists are on the brink of (= extremely close to) a major new discovery. the brink of the cliffs/abyss/...

altitude

(n)the elevation (height) above sea level We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 meters.

termination

(n)the end of something: All benefits and cover cease upon reaching the termination date of the loan.

influx

(n)the fact of a large number of people or things arriving at the same time: Turkey is expecting an influx of several thousand refugees over the next few days. =inflow

compliance

(n)the fact of obeying a particular law or rule, or of acting according to an agreement: He pointed to the building's lack of compliance with building standards for the disabled. We've been working hard to remain in compliance with all air pollution control laws. It is the job of the inspectors to enforce compliance with the regulations.

ambiguity

(n)the fact of something having more than one possible meaning and therefore possibly causing confusion: We wish to remove any ambiguity concerning our demands. There are some ambiguities in the legislation. (adj)ambiguous

preponderance

(n)the largest part or greatest amount, prevalence The preponderance of evidence suggests that he's guilty.

seniority

(n)the length of time you have worked for an organization, and the advantages that you get from this: Pay ranges from $23,000 to $110,000 a year, depending on duties and seniority.

forefront

(n)the most noticeable or important position: His team is at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines.

vincity

(n)the nearby or surrounding area The detonation happened in the vincity of a number of buildings in Melbourne.

probate

(n)the official proving of a will

rank and file

(n)the ordinary members of an organization as opposed to its leaders (can be used before noun either) rank-and-file police officers

persona

(n)the particular type of character that a person seems to have and that is often different from their real or private character: He had a shy, retiring side to his personality that was completely at odds with his public persona.

domicile

(n)the place or home where a person lives = dwelling

the status quo

(n)the present situation: Certain people always want to maintain the status quo.

Understatement

(n)the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. #exaggeration It's an understatement to say the workers are worried about their futures.

outreach

(n)the process of an organization building relationships with people in order to advise them, for example about health or financial problems: We're now doing a lot of outreach in the local community. outreach programs/campaigns/efforts.

acquisition

(n)the process of getting something: The acquisition of huge amounts of data has helped our research enormously. Language acquisition starts at a very young age.

litigation

(n)the process of taking legal action. The company has consistently denied responsibility, but it agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense of lengthy litigation.

Plagiarism

(n)the process or practice of using another person's ideas or work and pretending that it is your own: She's been accused of plagiarism. (v)plagiarize:The book contains numerous plagiarized passages. If you compare the two books side by side, it is clear that the author of the second has plagiarized (from the first).

novelty

(n)the quality of being new and unusual: The novelty of these toys soon wore off and the children became bored with them. In Britain in the 1950s, television still had novelty value. Tourists are still a novelty on this remote island.

homogeneity

(n)the quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind, uniformity

turnover

(n)the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people: The large number of temporary contracts resulted in a high turnover of staff. They've had a lot of turnover at the factory recently.

abundance

(n)the situation in which there is more than enough of something: There was an abundance of food at the wedding. #scarcity

internment

(n)the state of being confined as a prisoner, especially for political or military reasons. an internment camp

inquest

(n)Legal or judicial inquiry(investigation), especially before a jury and especially made by a coroner into the cause of someone's death; the results of such an inquiry a coroner's inquest An inquest is always held if murder is suspected.

incarceration

(n)the state of being confined in prison; imprisonment. incarcerate(v) Thousands of people have been interrogated or incarcerated.

paternity

(n)the state of being someone's father

legibility

(n)the state or quality of being easy to read legible( adj) legibly (adv) I should try to speak legibly. The letter was faded and barely legible.

Paternalistic

(n)the system of governing a country (or an organization) as a father would a child

Protagonist/Antagonist

(n)The main character in a literary work (the good guy)/The character who presents a challenge to the main character (the bad guy)

Biometrics

(n)The measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity.

Foreclosure

(n)The seizure of property from borrowers who are unable to repay their loans foreclose(v)

cask

(n)a barrel-shaped, cylindrical-shaped container, especially one for holding liquids

leg up

(n)to have an advantage over someone or something: If you've studied Persian, you probably have a leg up when you start learning Arabic. A recent ruling will give terrestrial broadcasters a leg up in competing with satellite radio.

miscreant

(n)villain; criminal

remuneration

(n)wage,payment for work or services: They demanded adequate remuneration for their work. In return for some caretaking duties, we are offering a free apartment and a small remuneration.

frailty

(n)weakness and lack of health, morality, or strength: Though ill for most of her life, physical frailty never stopped her from working. Most of the characters in the novel exhibit those common human frailties - ignorance and greed.

fiasco

(n, fiascoes ) something planned that goes wrong and is a complete failure, usually in an embarrassing way: The show was a fiasco - one actor forgot his lines and another fell off the stage. The entire political campaign was a fiasco, and at the end he drew only 30% of the votes.

restitution

(n,LAW)payment made for damage or loss: (demand/pay/seek)She was also ordered to pay restitution. The insurance company has a responsibility to make full restitution to the policyholders for their loss.

sequestration

(n,LAW)the act of taking temporary possession of someone's property until they have paid money that is owed or obeyed a court order: This would do nothing to halt the sequestration of property in the former colony. The union was ordered to to withdraw the instruction or face the sequestration of its funds and assets.

forfeiture

(n,LAW)the loss of rights, property, or money, especially as a result of breaking a legal agreement: He was deep in debt and facing forfeiture of his property.

mnemonic

(n,adj) sth helping you to remember something(such as a special word) EGBDF - use the mnemonic Every good boy deserves fun. He uses mnemonic devices to help him remember his parking spot.

obverse

(n,adj)1-the side of a coin or medal bearing the head or principal design.(obverse, reverse) 2-*the opposite or counterpart of a fact or truth. true solitude is the obverse of true society. the obverse(adj) fates of the principals

requisite

(n,adj)=required; necessary He lacked the requisite(adj) skills for the job. A good book is a requisite(n) for long trips. Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites(n) of independence.

bootleg

(n,adj)a product that is illegally made, copied, or sold: bootleg CDs/liquor (=pirated ...) File-sharing isn't a crime, trading the bootlegs is. bootlegger(the person...)

savvy

(n,adj)having or showing practical knowledge and experience: tech savvy Teenagers are savvier about handling their digital information than adults.

apathy/apathetic

(n,adj)lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern widespread apathy among students

concomitant

(n,adj)naturally accompanying or associated: she loved travel, with all its concomitant worries some of us look on pain and illness as concomitants of the stresses of living.

reactionary

(n,adj)sth is opposed to political or social change or new ideas: Reactionaries are preventing reforms. Reactionary(adj) forces/elements in the industry are preventing its progress toward greater efficiency.

racketeer

(n,person)charlatan, someone who makes money from organized illegal activities: He achieved worldwide notoriety as a racketeer during the prohibition era in Chicago. (n,act)They have been accused of racketeering.

contraband

(n,uncountable) illegal traffic, smuggled goods; (adj.) illegal, prohibited The plot of this game centers around a man named Joel. He smuggles contraband items.

redress

(n,v) = compensate redress the balance: to make a situation fairer and more equal:

docket

(n,v) a court's list of cases to be heard, or enter (a case) on a list of those due to be heard. the case may be docketed for the fall term

quarrel

(n,v) argument (DISAGREEMENT),dispute They had a bitter quarrel about/over some money three years ago.

bolt

(n,v)1- a metal bar on a door or window that slides across to lock it closed: I closed the window and drew the bolt Have you locked and bolted the door? (v)2- to move very fast, especially as a result of being frightened: Frightened by the car horn, the horse bolted.

courier

(n)a person or company that takes messages, letters, or parcels from one person or place to another: I want to have this package delivered by motorcycle courier. (v)to send something using a courier: I'll courier the relevant documents to you this afternoon.

broker

(n)a person who does not take title to goods and whose function is to bring buyers and sellers together and assist in negotiation a land broker

cartoonist

(n)a person who draws cartoons: cartoon: a drawing, especially in a newspaper or magazine, that tells a joke or makes a humorous political criticism 2- a drawing made especially in preparation for a painting

draftee

(n)a person who has been ordered by law to join the armed forces # volunteer for sth

pollster

(n)a person whose job is to ask people their opinions on a subject, as part of a poll (= opinion study)

chattel

(n)a personal possession

canvas

(n)a piece of cloth on which an artist paints Two valuable canvases hung in the room.

apron

(n)a piece of clothing worn over the front of other clothes to keep them clean when doing a dirty or messy job, esp. cooking

orchard

(n)a piece of land planted with fruit trees an apple orchard

ballot

(n)a piece of paper or a device on which you write a secret vote 2-The ballot is also a system or occasion of secret voting: Issues need to be considered in open debate or put on the ballot.

sancturary

(n)a place of safety or shelter, haven

repository

(n)a place where things are stored and can be found This book/ She's a repository of knowledge about our family history.

prophecy

(n)a prediction of the future compare to prophet(n)

hurdle

(n)a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress:^=barrier Getting a work permit was the first hurdle to overcome.

spectrum

(n)a range of objects, ideas, or opinions: The idea has support across the political spectrum. A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting.

curfew

(n)a rule that everyone must stay home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of political trouble: to impose/lift a curfew a midnight curfew He was shot for breaking (= not obeying) the curfew.

tip-off

(n)a secret warning or piece of secret information: Acting on a tip-off, the police arrested the drug dealers.

ritual

(n)a set of fixed actions and sometimes words performed regularly,a ceremonial act; a customary procedure Coffee and the newspaper are part of my morning ritual. The defense case was that Magennis had performed a procedure on C1 and C2, but that it was merely ritualistic.(adj)

vignette

(n)a short piece of writing, music, acting, etc. that clearly expresses the typical characteristics of something or someone: She wrote several vignettes of small-town life.

standoff

(n)a situation in which agreement in an argument does not seem possible: The standoff between potential buyers and sellers has effects throughout the economy.

bead

(n)a small, coloured, often round piece of plastic, wood, glass, etc. with a hole through it. It is usually put on a string with a lot of others to make jewellery: She wore a necklace of brightly coloured wooden beads.

prerogative

(n)a special right or privilege Skiing used to be the prerogative of the rich

equilibrium

(n)a state of balance: I try to find an equilibrium between increasing my knowledge in certain languages and also adding on more. we should create an equilibrium between not transgressing animal rights and consuming them in regard to our reliance upon them.

editorial

(n)a statement in a newspaper or magazine, or on radio or television, that expresses the opinion of the editors or owners on a subject of particular interest: an editorial on the new tax proposal (adj)relating to editors or editing: an editorial staff (v)editorialize: to express a personal opinion, especially when you should be giving a report of the facts only: she never misses a chance to editorialize on the issues of the day—even the ones she knows nothing about

crutch

(n)a stick with a piece that fits under the arm, that you lean on for support if you have difficulty in walking because of a foot or leg injury: Rodney broke his leg and has been on crutches for the past six weeks.

hatred

(n)a strong feeling of dislike; hate: He has an extreme hatred of taxes and tolls.

monument

(n)a structure or building that is built(erected) to honor a special person or event

onslaught

(n)a violent attack; a sudden rush of something With the nice weather, the beach towns are expecting an onslaught of tourists.

hooligan

(n)a violent person who fights or causes damage in public places: Hooligans had sprayed paint all over the car. football hooligans

caveat

(n)a warning or caution file a caveat

dough

(n)flour mixed with water and often yeast, fat, or sugar, so that it is ready for baking: bread dough pastry dough

sit-in

(n)form of protest where participants sit and refuse to move Students staged a sit-in in the university offices as part of their protest campaign.

consensus

(n)general agreement among a group of people, unanimity (similar to consent) The general/broad consensus in the office is that he can't do his job.

pasture

(n)grass or similar plants suitable for animals such as cows and sheep to eat, or an area of land covered in this: The sheep were grazing on the pastures. Some fields are planted with crops for several years, and then returned to pasture for the cattle.

gusto

(n)great enjoyment Everyone joined in the singing with great gusto.

torment

(n)great mental suffering and unhappiness, or great physical pain: The family said they had endured years of torment and abuse at the hands of their neighbors. Waiting for the result of the medical tests was sheer torment. He spent the night in torment, trying to decide what was the best thing to do.

congruence

(n)harmony, or correspondence, the quality of being similar to or in agreement with something: the congruence of the two systems (adj)Our goals are congruent; there is no conflict.

proceeds

(n)he amount of money received from a particular event or activity, taking, yield The proceeds of today's festival will go to several local charities.

fringe

(n)he outer or less important part of an area, group, or activity: the southern fringe of the city fringe benefit(perk,in addition to your pay, that is not in the form of money)

inducement

(n)incentive

propaganda

(n)information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people's opinions: political/wartime propaganda At school we were fed communist/right-wing propaganda. One official dismissed the ceasefire as a mere propaganda exercise. (mere=The mere thought of it (= just thinking about it) makes me feel sick.)

vexation

(n)irritation, annoyance

incompetence

(n)lack of ability to do something successfully or as it should be done: Management have demonstrated almost unbelievable incompetence in their handling of the dispute. politial incompetence #competence

longevity

(n)living for a long time, the ability to last for a long time: To what do you attribute your longevity? For longevity in car design, you really need to keep it simple.

allegiance

(n)loyalty and support for a ruler, country, group, or belief: Soldiers have to swear/pledge allegiance to the Crown/the King/the flag.

headquarters (HQ)

(n)main offices (v): to have the main offices of an organization in a particular place: The airline is headquartered in Seattle.

diaspora

(n)people who have spread or been dispersed from their homeland. the Ukrainian diaspora flocked back to Kiev

parole

(n)permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well: He's been released on parole. She hopes to be eligible for parole in three years. Reynolds was sentenced to life without parole.

tenacity

(n)perseverance, persistence, the determination to continue what you are doing

welfare

(n)physical and mental health and happiness: We were concerned for our parents' welfare when we heard about the storm in Florida. The police are very concerned for the welfare of the missing child. the welfare state 2-help given, esp. money, by a government to people who are poor and who do not have jobs: Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay. The family had to go on welfare. (receiving financial help from the state because you are poor or have not been employed for a long time)

premediation

(n)planning or plotting in advance of acting

courtesy

(n)polite behavior; thoughtfulness: He could at least have had the courtesy to say sorry. (by) courtesy of: 1-by permission of: Jessie J appears courtesy of Universal Records. 2-because of: He got his black eye courtesy of a guy he insulted at the bar last night.

seisin

(n)possession of land by freehold: Richard did not take seisin of his lands until 1480.

hypocrisy

(n)pretending to believe what one does not hypocrite(person), hypocritical(adj), hypocritically(adv)

dowry

(n)property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage

orator

(n)public speaker, lecturer

retribution

(n)punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act retributive(adj)

catalyst

(n)q-a condition, event, or person that is the cause of an important change The high suicide rate acted as a catalyst for change in the prison system. 2- A catalyst is also a substance that causes or speeds a chemical reaction

insurgent

(n)rebel, someone who is fighting against the government in their own country

diminution

(n)reduction in size or importance: Regular exercise can result in a general diminution in stress levels.

renunciation

(n)rejection; abandonment

fiduciary

(n)relating to the responsibilities of a person or organization that manages property or money belonging to another person or organization: fiduciary duties/obligations

deference

(n)respect shown for another person esp. because of that person's experience, knowledge, age, or power: The standard of review is the amount of deference given by an appellate court to various determinations made during an earlier part of the adjudication. (adj)deferential: A smart lawyer is always deferential to a judge.

counterintelligence

(n)secret action taken by a country to prevent another country from discovering its military, industrial, or political secrets

trauma

(n)severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience: the trauma of marriage breakdown (adj)The death of someone we love is a traumatic event. (v)She is still traumatized by the car accident she had.

fundamentalist

(n)someone who believes in traditional forms of a religion: She is a Muslim/Christian fundamentalist

stoic

(n)someone who does not complain or show their emotions, (adj) not showing or feeling that emotions: My father is a stoic by nature and found it hard to express his grief when my mother died. The interview showed her appearing unnaturally stoic about her son's death.

informant

(n)someone who gives information to another person or organization: a police/secret informant Our survey is based on information from over 200 informants.

apostate

(n)someone who has given up their religion or left a political party

nuisance

(n)something or someone that annoys you or causes trouble for you: I've forgotten my umbrella - what a nuisance! It's such a nuisance having to rewrite those letters.

incentive

(n)something that induces(persuade) a person to act, to courage, a motivation There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transportation remains so expensive.

rhetoric

(n)speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people: I was swayed by her rhetoric into donating all my savings to the charity. rhetorical(adj): repetition, that tedious rhetorical device rhetorical question

anomaly

(n)sth that deviates from what is normal, unusual The anomaly of the social security system is that you sometimes have more money without a job. (adj)anomalous

denomination

(n)subcategory or subgroup, esp a religious one!

ancillary

(n)subordinate or supplementary, providing support or help: ancillary staff/workers an ancillary role Campaigning to change government policy is ancillary to the charity's direct relief work.

patron

(n)supporter, or a person who uses a particular store, restaurant, hotel, etc., especially regularly: ^=customer

subsistence

(n)survival, existence, the state of having what you need in order to stay alive, but no more: they depend for subsistence on fish and game he raised a total of $2,000 toward his own travel and subsistence

competence

(n)the ability to do something successfully or efficiently: Her competence as a teacher is unquestionable. competent(adj)

insulation

(n)the act of covering something to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering, or the fact that something is covered in this way: The animal's thick fur provides very good insulation against the arctic cold. Glass fibre is often used as roof insulation. mental insulation

resurrection

(n)the act or fact of bringing someone back to life, or bringing something back into use or existence: the resurrection of his political career In the Christian religion, the Resurrection is Jesus Christ's return to life after his death.

froth

(n,v)1-a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid I like the froth on the top of the coffee. The waves frothed as they crashed onto the beach. 2-(n)(fig)no real value, but is entertaining or attractive: His books are just froth, but they're enjoyable enough.

distress

(n,v)a feeling of extreme worry, sadness, or pain, or the state of being in danger or urgent need:: She claimed that the way she had been treated at work had caused her extreme emotional and psychological distress. Many of the horses were showing signs of distress at the end of the race. Four men were rescued from a fishing boat in distress off the coast. a distress signal/call (v)I hope I haven't distressed you with all these personal questions.

spur

(n,v)act as an incentive, to stimulate

subcontract

(n,v)an agreement for an outside person or organization to do work that might normally be done within an organization: Most of the work has been subcontracted out to another company. Another organization provides IT services to the school though a subcontract.

stroll

(n,v)idle and leisurely walk; ramble, amble, to walk in a slow relaxed way, especially for pleasure:

mandate

(n,v)official permission or the right to do something, usually given as the result of a vote: The government claimed that it had a mandate to raise taxes. The region is already under federal mandate to reduce air pollution. In Ohio, every bridge is mandated to be inspected annually. The department was mandated to proceed with the project.

cue

(n,v)signal or hint With a nod of his head, the drummer cued(v) the lead singer in.

quiver

(n,v)to shake slightly, often because of strong emotion: Lennie's bottom lip quivered and tears started in his eyes. The opening bars of the music sent a quiver of excitement through the crowd.

arbitrator

(n.) - one who settles controversy between two sides,someone who has been officially chosen to make a decision that ends a legal disagreement without it having to be solved in court arbitral(Adj) : arbitral clauses

infirmity

(n.) a weakness or ailment (physical, mental, moral, etc.)

connoisseur

(n.) an expert; one who is well qualified to pass critical judgments, especially in one of the fine arts and wine

atrocity

(n.) an extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel act; something very bad or unpleasant (adj) atrocious

mendicant

(n.) beggar; (adj.) depending on begging for a living

solace

(n.) comfort, relief; (v.) to comfort, console, soothe

disarray

(n.) disorder, confusion Ever since the oil crisis, the industry has been in (a state of) disarray. The news had thrown his plans into disarray.

relish

(n.) enjoyment or satisfaction; something that adds a pleasing flavor; (v.) to enjoy greatly(ing after)

interim

(n.) in the meantime; (adj.) temporary An interim government was set up for the period before the country's first free election. The new secretary starts in June, but in the interim we're having to type our own letters.

proximity

(n.) nearness, closeness: The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.

allegiance

(n.) the loyalty or obligation owed to a government, nation, or cause

demarcation

(n.) the marking of boundaries or categories, separatation Different cultures have different demarcations of good and evil

rebate

(n.v)to pay back an amount of money to customers after they have bought something

compound

(n/adj): a chemical that combines two or more elements v: to make a problem or difficult situation worse His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.

interfere (v) , interference (n)

(negative): to involve yourself in matters connected with other people without being asked or needed: Interfering in other people's arguments is always a mistake. She seems to regard any advice or help from me as interference. The government's interference in the strike has been widely criticized.

duvet

(noun) a warm bedcover : a quilt or comforter.

jargon

(noun,U)words and phrases used by particular groups of people, esp. in their work, that are not generally understood: technical jargon legal/computer jargon

enclosed

(of a place) surrounded by a wall and often covered: It's the largest fully-enclosed shopping center in the world.

rampant

(of something bad) (adj)getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way: Rampant inflation means that our wage increases soon become worth nothing. Disease is rampant in the overcrowded city.

amenities

(plural noun) something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel, or other place: The council has some spare cash, which it proposes to spend on public amenities. basic amenities: things considered to be necessary to live comfortably, such as hot water: The 200-year-old jail is overcrowded, understaffed, and lacking in basic amenities.

the outskirts

(plural noun): (of cities and towns) the areas that form the edge: the outskirts of town

intervene (v) , intervention (n)

(positive): action taken to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse: Half the people questioned said they were opposed to military intervention (in the civil war). The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate. [ + to infinitive ] The minister intervened personally to stop the museum from being closed.

plead

(v) 1- to beg, to make an urgent, emotional statement or request for something: He was on his knees, pleading for mercy/forgiveness. [ + speech ] "Give us more time," they pleaded. 2-to make a statement of what you believe to be true, especially in support of something or someone or when someone has been accused in a law court: The defendant pleaded not guilty/innocent to robbery with violence.

roll in

(v) If something such as money rolls in, it arrives in large amounts: Business was great, and the money was rolling in. to arrive: Fog rolled in overnight.

determine

(v) [ T often passive ] to decide what will happen: The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. Your health is determined in part by what you eat. Eye colour is genetically determined. [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played. She determined that one day she would be an actor. People should be allowed to determine their own future. 2-discover(formal) The police never actually determined the cause of death.The jury determined that the men were guilty.

topple (over)

(v) to (cause to) lose balance and fall down: The statue of the dictator was toppled (over) by the crowds. The tree toppled and fell.

comply

(v) to act according to an order, set of rules, or request, to obey: He refuses to comply. There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.

underscore

(v) to emphasize (or, literally, to underline a text)

overlook

(v) to have or give a view of something from above: Our hotel room overlooked the harbor. overlook verb [T] (NOT NOTICE) to fail to notice something: His film was nominated for an Oscar, but Reiner himself was overlooked as best director. No one will be overlooked when we select players for the team.

insinuate

(v) to imply, to express but not directly state something: What exactly are you insinuating? [ + (that) clause ] She insinuated (that) I'm getting fat.

agitate

(v) to make (someone) troubled or nervous, to upset or disturb

enliven

(v) to make sth active to enliven the Court's discretionary power

exacerbate

(v) to make worse or more severe

furrow

(v) to make wrinkles or grooves or (n) wrinkles and grooves The wheels of the heavy tractor furrowed the soft ground. The pain of the headache made him furrow his brow(forehead) He tried to smooth the furrow(n) out of his jacket.

scatter

(v) to move apart in many directions, or to throw something in different directions: [ I ] We grew up in a small town, but now we're scattered all over the country. ( can be parallel to migration ) The protesters scattered at the sound of gunshots.

sway

(v) to move slowly from side to side: The trees were swaying in the wind. A drunk was standing in the middle of the street, swaying uncertainly and trying hard to stay upright.

persevere

(v) to persist,to try to do or continue doing something in a determined way, despite having problems: It looks as if the policy will be a success, providing that the government perseveres and does not give in to its critics. The education director is persevering in his attempt to obtain additional funding for the school. Despite receiving little support, the women are persevering with their crusade to fight crime. (n)perseverance: Perseverance accounts for much of their success. (adj)perseverant

undo

(v) to remove the effects of something that happened earlier: It's difficult to undo the damage caused by a father who abandons his child. undoes , undid, undone, undoing

mend

(v) to repair

spring up

(v) to start to exist suddenly: Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years.

withdraw

(v) to take something back, or to remove something: [ T ] He asked that his name be withdrawn from nomination for a Golden Globe Award. [ T ] Democrats threatened to withdraw (= stop giving) their support of the tax bill. [ T ] I have to withdraw (= take out) some money from an ATM machine.

reversionary

(adj) relating to the right, especially of the original owner or their heirs, to possess or succeed to property on the death of the present possessor or at the end of a lease.

damp

(adj) slightly wet damp socks a cold, damp day # dry atmospheric condition

taken aback

(adj) surprised, shocked

insular

(adj) xenophobic, close-minded and not willing to accept different or foreign ideas

chronic

(adj)(especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time: chronic diseases/conditions There is a chronic shortage of teachers.

spry

(adj)(especially of older people) active and able to move quickly and energetically: He was amazingly spry for a man of almost 80.

lodge

(v)(lodge a claim, complaint, protest, etc.) to make an official complaint about something: The U.S. lodged a formal protest against the arrest of the foreign reporters. Lawyers said last night that they would be lodging an appeal against the sentence.

superficial

(adj)(of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important, or on the surface only; not deep: He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial. The driver only received superficial injuries/cuts/wounds. Her book on the history of cars in America was extremely superficial.

rolling/undulating

(adj)(of hills) gently rising and falling = undulating The road undulates for five miles before a steep climb. the undulating countryside

neanderthal

(adj)(of people or beliefs) very old-fashioned and not willing to change: He criticized what he described as the "neanderthal tendencies" of the right wing of the party.

Self-contained

(adj)(of someone or something) having everything necessary to be independent or to work independently: a self-contained environment a self-contained, independent person a self-contained apartment/accommodation (#shared)

innermost

(adj)(of thoughts) most strongly felt and most private, or (of objects) nearest to the center: They told her their innermost secrets. The spacecraft will fly through the innermost rings of Saturn.

funky

(adj)1- fashionable in an unusual and noticeable way 2-style of music 3-having bad smell

sequel

(n) 1: a book, film, or play that continues the story of a previous book, etc.: The movie sequel did even better at the box office than the original. I'm reading the sequel to "Gone with the Wind". 2: an event that happens after and is the result of an earlier event: ( a sequel to sth ) Yesterday's vote was a controversial sequel to the decision to change the guidelines.

vat

(n) A large container such as a tub or barrel used for holding liquids.

spark

(n) I KNOW this meaning: (FIRE/ELECTRICITY) (v) to cause the start of something, especially an argument or fighting: This proposal will almost certainly spark another countrywide debate about immigration. The recent interest-rate rises have sparked new problems for small businesses.

predicament

(n) a difficult or unpleasant situation She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament. I'm in a bit of a predicament because I've accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the same night.

blend

(n) a mixture of different things or styles: a rich blend of the finest coffee beans Their music is a blend of jazz and African rhythms.

volitional

(adj)acting as a result of a decision or choice; done because someone has decided or chosen to do it: mental processes over which we have volitional control #involuntary

hasty

(adj)actions are done in a hurry, sometimes without the necessary care or thought: =^ sloppy He warned against making hasty decisions/ hasty in sth hastily(adv)

indictable

(adj)an indictable crime is one that someone can be accused of in a court of law: an indictable offense (v)indict: to accuse someone officially of a crime: Five people were indicted ''on charges of'' ''for'' robbery.

preacher

(n) a person who gives a religious speech, esp. one whose job is to do this

utensil

(n) a tool with a particular use, especially in a kitchen or house: In the drawer was a selection of kitchen utensils - spoons, spatulas, knives, and whisks.

slum

(n) a very poor and crowded area, especially of a city: an inner-city slum She was brought up in the slums of Lima. informal disapproving a very untidy or dirty place: This house would be an absolute slum if I wasn't here to clean it.

euphemism

(n) a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word: "Senior citizen" is a euphemism for "old person". The article made so much use of euphemism that often its meaning was unclear. like: sleep around :D WHICH means having sex promiscuously with people.

accord

(n) agreement, harmony; a peace accord / The project is completely in accord with government policy. (v.) to grant someone status, power, ... = Certainly in our society teachers don't enjoy the respect that is accorded to doctors and lawyers. Accord with = to agree with something: His version of events does not accord with witnesses' statements.

wilderness

(n) an area of land that has not been farmed or had towns and roads built on it, esp. because it is difficult to live in as a result of its extremely cold or hot weather or bad earth: Large parts of Canada are still wilderness.

injunction

(n) an official order given by a law court, usually to stop someone from doing something: [ + to infinitive ] The court has issued an injunction to prevent the airline from increasing its prices. [ + -ing verb ] She is seeking an injunction banning the newspaper from publishing the photographs.

macho

(adj)behaving forcefully or showing no emotion in a way traditionally thought to be typical of a man: He's too macho to admit he was hurt when his girlfriend left him. I can't stand macho men. He's too macho to admit that a woman can do his job as well as he can.

nonchalant

(adj)behaving in a calm manner, often in a way that suggests you are not interested or do not care: a nonchalant manner/shrug nonchalantly(adv): The driver of the car was nonchalantly smoking a cigarette.

egalitarian

(adj)believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life: an egalitarian society (n)egalitarianism

cynical

(adj)believing that people act only out of selfish motives (n)He's often been accused of cynicism, but he says he's just realistic.

fatalistic

(adj)believing that people cannot change the way events will happen and that events, especially bad ones, cannot be avoided: She was fatalistic about the future. He had a fatalistic acceptance of his bad luck in life. (n)fatalism: Do you believe in fatalism?

intrinsic

(adj)belonging naturally; essential, being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing: Math is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum. Each human being has intrinsic dignity and worth. intrinsically(adv)

substandard

(adj)below a satisfactory standard: There's plenty of substandard child care available. ubstandard housing/accommodation substandard work/goods

dreary

(adj)boring and making you feel unhappy: a dreary little town She had spent another dreary day in the office.

onerous

(adj)burdensome; heavy; hard to endure

pro-rata

(adj)calculated according to, or as a share of, the fixed rate for a larger total amount: a pro rata payment/pay/increase/refund It's $20,000 pro rata, but I'm only working half time, so I'll be getting $10,000.

indelible

(adj)cannot be removed, washed away or erased, permanent

captivating

(adj)capable of attracting and holding interest; charming, fascinating (v)captivate: With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

rigorous

(adj)careful to look at or consider every part of something to make certain it is correct or safe: rigorous testing/checking/methods rigor(n):high standards: She studied ways to improve academic rigor in high schools.

formidable

(adj)causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult: a formidable obstacle/task a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent The university entrance exam is formidable!

ineluctable

(adj)certain, inevitable, inescapable

unequivocal

(adj)clear and firm: The answer is an unequivocal "Yes."

belated

(adj)coming later than expected: I owe you a belated apology! They did make a belated attempt to reduce the noise. Belated birthday greetings!

full-blown

(adj)complete, matured, fully developed

intricate

(adj)complicated, complex intricacy(n): I enjoyed the film, but I couldn't follow all the intricacies of the plot.

premeditated

(adj)considered beforehand, deliberately planned: premeditated murder, attack, etc.

prized

(adj)considered valuable and important: The 1961 vintage is highly prized among wine connoisseurs. Her photograph is among my most prized possessions. Americans would have to give up things that are so prized, like exceptionalism and competitiveness.

miscellaneous

(adj)consisting of a mixture of various things that are not related to each other: The magazine did a price comparison of 17 miscellaneous items sold at both stores. The job helps me pay for food and miscellaneous expenses.

homogeneous

(adj)consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are of the same type: a homogeneous group/society The population of the village has remained remarkably homogeneous. homogeneous mixture a tiny, ethnically homogeneous country

communicable

(adj)contagious, transmittable (disease, ...)

contingent(on,upon)

(adj)depending on something else in the future in order to happen: Outdoor activities are, as ever, contingent on the weather. Our success is contingent upon your support.

culpable

(adj)deserving blame, worthy of condemnation a culpable state of mind culpability(n)

resolute

(adj)determined: She's utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize. resolutely(adv)

premise

(n) assumption, an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based: [ + that ] They had started with the premise that all men are created equal. The research project is based on the premise stated earlier.

invidious

(adj)likely to cause unhappiness or be unpleasant, especially because it is unfair: Such a difficult choice placed her in an invidious position.

conducive

(adj)making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night's sleep.

sobering

(adj)making you feel serious and think carefully Jail has had a sobering effect on Hicks soberingly(adv)

depraved

(adj)morally corrupt; wicked depraved heart murder

paramount

(adj)most important, predominant, overriding Everybody agrees that education is the paramount issue.

cardinal

(adj)most important; chief

inalienable

(adj)not able to be taken away or transferred to others inalienable right

inalienable

(adj)not able to be taken or given away, inextricable an inalienable right

lenient

(adj)not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected: They believe that judges are too lenient with terrorist suspects. In view of the quantity of drugs involved, 16 years was the most lenient sentence the judge could impose. Some felt that five years in prison was lenient, considering the suffering he had caused. (n):leniency The defense lawyer asked for leniency for her young client. leniently(adv)

unencumbered

(adj)not having any burden or impediment; free of debt or other financial liability

temerity

(n) audacity, courage or confidence of a kind that other people find shocking or rude: It took a lot of temerity/audacity to stand up and criticize the chairman. He had the temerity/audacity to blame me for his mistake!

discrepancy

(n) difference, inconsistency The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.

patent

(n) exclusive rights over an invention; copyright; (v) to arrange or obtain such rights; (adj.) plain, copyrighted

nourishment

(n) food that you need to grow and stay healthy: Young babies obtain all the nourishment they need from their mother's milk. nourish(v): Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them. She looks happy and well nourished. nourishing(adj) = nutritious: a nutritious diet / Sweets aren't very nourishing # malnourished(adj)= weak and in bad health because of a lack of food or a lack of food that is good for you: By the time we saw the child, she was extremely malnourished.

imprimatur

(n) official permission to do something that is given by a person or group in a position of power, formal approval,endorsement

apprentice

(n) someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills: Most of the work was done by apprentices. an apprentice carpenter a bit like as an assistant

bargain

(n) something sold for a price that is lower than usual or lower than its value This coat was half-price - a real bargain (v) to try to reach agreement with someone in order to get a lower price: You can usually bargain with antique dealers.

disruption

(n) the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected: The accident brought widespread disruption on the roads. It would cause a tremendous disruption to our work schedule to install a different computer system.

commencement

(n) the beginning of something: Would passengers please turn off their mobile phones before the commencement of the flight.

emancipation

(n) the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.

venue

(n) the place where a public event or meeting happens: The hotel is an ideal venue for conferences and business meetings. The stadium has been specifically designed as a venue for World Cup games.

prosperity

(n) the state of being successful and having a lot of money

articulation

(n) the way in which you pronounce words or produce sounds: A good singer needs to have good articulation (= a clear way of pronouncing words).

hindsight

(n) understanding of a situation or event only after it has happened or developed It's easy for us to say that the war was wrong, but we have the advantage of hindsight. With (the benefit/wisdom of) hindsight, I should have taken the job. In hindsight, it would have been better to wait.

bigotory

(n) unreasonable beliefs and disliking other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life bigot: the person who .... (a religious bigot)

treasure

(n) very valuable things (V)to take great care of something because you love it or consider it very valuable: I will always treasure those memories of my dad. This pen that my grandfather gave me is one of my most treasured possessions.

self-effacing

(adj)not making yourself noticeable, or not trying to get the attention of other people: The captain was typically self-effacing when questioned about the team's successes, giving credit to the other players. I can't get over the fact that this is the smallest 7-11 sign on the planet. Even the advertising is self-effacing.

subliminal

(adj)not recognized or understood by the conscious mind, but still having an influence on it: The leader was interviewed in front of a factory to give the subliminal message that he was a man of the people. (n)subconscious

vulgar

(adj)not suitable, simple, dignified or beautiful; not in the style preferred by the upper classes of society: Isn't it rather vulgar to talk about how much money you earn? It was an extremely vulgar joke.

ineluctable

(adj)not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable

esoteric

(adj)obscure, intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest

blatant

(adj)obvious; too conspicuous(#inconspicuous)

arboreal

(adj)of or living in trees: arboreal animals

looming

(adj)of something unwanted or unpleasant) about to happen soon and causing worry: the looming crisis, ...

condescending

(adj)patronizing, treating someone as if you are more important or more intelligent than them

tetraplegic

(adj)permanently unable to move or feel your arms or legs, usually because of a severe injury to the spine this disease will render a person tetraplegic Tetraplegia(n)

feasible

(adj)possible, able to be done, practicable

viable

(adj)practicable, capable of developing Rising oil prices have made alternative energy sources more economically viable Home-working offers a viable solution to the work/family conflict

pervasive

(adj)present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place: The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books. Reforms are being undermined by the all-pervasive corruption in the country. (n)pervasiveness

invaluable

(adj)priceless; having a value too great to be measured The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.

immemorial

(adj)reaching back beyond the bounds of memory; extremely old

responsive

(adj)reacting quickly and well to something or someone: The most effective IT function is one that is responsive to the needs of the business it serves. The management offer an efficient and responsive service to local companies. (n)responsiveness-(Adv)responsively:The organization is not responsively run.

Antitrust

(adj)relating to efforts to prevent companies from working together to control prices unfairly or to create a monopoly (= a single company or group of companies that is the only supplier of something)

probative

(adj)relating to information that can prove something: She had no first-hand knowledge of any of the probative facts in the case.

affective

(adj)relating to moods, feelings, and attitudes, = emotional He has no affective ties to his family.

dyadic/triadic

(adj)relating to or comprising a set of two/three related people or things.

exogenous

(adj)relating to or developing from external factors: technological changes exogenous to the oil industry. #endogenous.

carnal

(adj)relating to physical appetite, especially sexual: carnal desires

reticent

(adj)reserved, unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings, similar to reluctant He is very reticent about his past. Most of the students were reticent about answering questions.

complacent

(adj)self-satisfied; smug

altruistic

(adj)showing a wish to help or bring advantages to others, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself: I doubt whether her motives for donating the money are altruistic - she's probably looking for publicity. =selfless #self-centered

senile

(adj)showing poor mental ability because of old age, especially being unable to think clearly and make decisions: He spent many years caring for his senile mother. I'm always losing my keys these days. I think I must be going senile. similar to dementia(is a medical state)

akin

(adj)similar to They speak a language akin to French.

scanty

(adj)small or insufficient in quantity or amount

partial

(n)1-not complete: The general has ordered a partial withdrawal of troops from the area. 2-influenced by the fact that you personally prefer or approve of something, so that you do not judge fairly: The reporting in the papers is entirely partial and makes no attempt to be objective. (impartial)

austere

(adj)very simple, with only the things that are absolutely necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods: Despite their wealth, they lead an austere life. austerity(n): maintain austerity in prosperous times

meager

(adj)very small in amount or number; only as much or not as much as is needed or thought to be suitable: The food at my grandmother's house was meager and barely edible.

orderly

(adj)well arranged or organized: She put the letters in three orderly piles.

unabated/ abate

(adj)without any reduction in intensity or strength The fighting continued unabated throughout the night. (v)to become less strong: The storm/wind/rain has started to abate.

uninitiated

(adj)without special knowledge or experience, inexperienced

upscale(upmarket)

(adj,)goods and products are of very high quality and intended to be bought by people who are quite rich: an upscale brand name The old hotel has gone upscale in recent years. #downscale(downmarket)

implied

(adj,LAW)if something is implied, it is understood to be true or to exist, although it is not stated directly or in a legal agreement Some judges are of the opinion that there must be an express or implied agreement between the parties before the defence can operate.

per capita

(adj,adv)If you express an amount per capita, you mean that amount for each person: France and Germany invest far more per capita in public transport than Britain. The per capita income in the country is very low.

ad valorem

(adj,adv)in proportion to the estimated value of the goods or transaction concerned. "the subsidy may be calculated ad valorem as a specified percentage of the price per unit" "ad valorem stamp duty at the rate of 1 per cent is payable"

awry

(adj,adv)not in the intended way: Anything that goes awry (= goes wrong) in the office is blamed on Pete.

pursuant

(adj,after verb) according to: The fact that a person acted pursuant to an order of his government does not relieve him from responsibility under international law.

meritorious

(adj.) - deserving of praise or merit: an award for meritorious service a meritorious hobby.

strenuous

(adj.) - requiring tremendous strength or energy: strenuous exercise

myriad

(adj.) in very great numbers; (n.) a very great number a myriad of sth / myriad (problems, etc.)

ultimate

(adj.) last, final; most important or extreme; Your ultimate goal is to play the game as well as you can. Some people believe that he is the ultimate painter of this century.

perennial

(adj.) lasting for a long time, persistent; this is my perennial ( long-lasting ) problem.

transient/transitory

(adj.) lasting only a short time; (n.) one who lives only a short time # durable

legitimate

(adj.) lawful, rightful; reasonable, justifiable

subordinate

(adj.) lower in rank or position, secondary; a subordinate role, the condition of motherhood often makes women subordinate to men in the workplace. (n.) one who is in a lower position or under the orders of someone else; He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates. (v.) to put in a lower or secondary position or treat somebody/sth like this: Japan has a tradition of subordinating individual desires to group goals.

defunct

(adj.) no longer in existence or functioning: She had once worked for the Traveller hotel chain (now defunct).

hereditary

(adj.) of or passed down by inheritance from an ancestor; transmitted from parent to child It is a hereditary title/disease heredity(n) Diet and exercise can influence a person's weight, but heredity is also a factor.

sedate

(adj.) quiet, settled I don't prefer sedate pop tunes to rock music. (v.) to administer a tranquilizer I was sedated, so I wasn't able to see what was happening

workhouse

(n)1-piece of equipment that do a lot of work: The company has begun to look at how its workhorse, the 737, may develop in the future. 2-(informal) someone who works very hard or who works very long hours

impulse

(n)1-sudden desire to do something: I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Nonsense!" 2-on impulse: because you suddenly want to, although you haven't planned to: "I didn't know you were looking for some new shoes." "Oh, I wasn't - I just bought them on impulse."

traction

(n)1-the ability of a wheel or tire to hold the ground without sliding: I reduce the air pressure in all four tires during winter for better traction on slick, icy roads. 2-the fact of an idea, product, etc. becoming popular or being accepted: it's actually an economic concept ''gaining'' a lot of traction around the world.

initiative

(n)1-the ability to judge what needs to be done and take action, esp. without suggestion from other people: Lisa showed initiative on the job and was soon promoted. 2-a new attempt to achieve a goal or solve a problem We should take initiative, take risks, and move forward to become successful.

gross

(adjective, adverb): A person's gross income is the money they earn before tax is deducted from it. Once wrapped, the gross weight of the package is 2.1 kg. She earns £30,000 a year gross. (v)to earn as a total before expenses are subtracted: The film grossed over $200 million.

Stereotypically

(adv) cliched, having the qualities that you expect a particular type of person to have ( even though this idea is often wrong ) Stereotypically, Americans are very patriotic. he fits the stereotypical(adj) masculine image of toughness.

duly

(adv)rightfully; suitably

abreast

(adv)side by side and facing the same way. the path was wide enough for two people to walk abreast. 2-(keep abreast of sth) to make sure you know all the most recent facts about a subject or situation: I try to keep abreast of any developments.

begrudgingly

(adv)unwillingly, often because you have no choice: She begrudgingly admitted that he had made the right decision. begrudging(adj)

sparsely

(adv)with only a small number or amount of people or things: sparsely furnished/populated The event was sparsely attended. sparse(adj)

downright

(adv.) thoroughly; (adj.) absolute, complete, sheer, out-and-out I think the way she was treated is a downright disgrace. Their working conditions were downright unhealthy.

wag

(especially of a tail or finger) to move from side to side or up and down, especially quickly and repeatedly, or to cause this to happen: The little dog's tail wagged in delight. With a single wag of her finger she managed to convey her total disapproval.

flee

(flee,fled,fled)to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear: She fled (from) the room in tears. In order to escape capture, he fled to the mountains.

resent

(v)to dislike or be angry at something or someone because you have been hurt or not treated fairly: She resented being treated like a child. (adj)a resentful look She was resentful of anybody's attempts to interfere in her work. resent, resentful, resentfully, resentfulness

incite

(v)to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent: [ + to infinitive ] She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers. They denied inciting the crowd to violence.

savor

(v)to enjoy food or an experience slowly, in order to appreciate it as much as possible: He wanted to savor his time with Henrietta and their grown children. It was the first chocolate he'd tasted for over a year, so he savored every mouthful.

uproot

(v)to eradicate, to pull a plant including its roots out of the ground or to remove someone from his or her home or usual surroundings: The war has uprooted almost two thirds of the country's population.

barter

(v)to exchange goods for other things rather than for money: He bartered his stamp collection for her comics. We spent a whole hour bartering with stallholders for souvenirs. (n)The currency has lost so much of its value that barter has become the preferred way of doing business.

convey

(v)to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people: His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion. Please convey our condolences to the family. I tried to convey in my speech how grateful we all were for his help. You don't want to convey the impression that we're not interested.

renege

(v)to fail to honor a commitment; to go back on a promise If you renege on the deal now, I'll fight you in the courts.

replenish

(v)to fill up again, refill Food stocks were replenished by/with imports from abroad. replenishing(adj)

retrieve

(v)to find and bring back something: We taught our dog to retrieve a ball. Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.

tailgate

(v)to follow another vehicle too closely

inflict

(v)to force someone to experience something very unpleasant: The harm that the family had inflicted on the girl was severe. (n)the deliberate infliction of pain on others

to wipe; to mop

(v)clean or dry (something) by rubbing with a cloth, a piece of paper, or one's hand. (n)an act of wiping: I'd better give the floor a quick wipe before someone slips on it. a piece of soft, wet cloth or paper that you use for wiping: baby wipes a floor mop a dish mop

indemnify

(v)compensate for loss, damage, or injury; reimburse; repay, redress

malign

(v)defame, vilify

disentitle

(v)deprive (someone) of a right: he was disentitled to gain damages for the injuries.

entrench

(v)establish this country is entrenched in a litigation mentality

yearn

(v)long for sth; long to do sth Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval. Sometimes I just yearn to be alone. (n)yearning:I guess it's because I live in a city that I have this yearning for open spaces.

flinch

(v)make a quick, nervous movement of the face or body as an instinctive(natural) reaction to surprise, fear or pain.

deploy

(v)move weapons or military forces to where they will be used when they are needed, or to put something into use: When airbags deploy, they save lives. The UN is deploying observers. deployment(n)

deregulate

(v)reduce the powers of regulatory(controlling) agencies, to remove national or local government controls or rules from a business or other activity: (n) deregulation

unshackle

(v)release from a shackle (anything that confines the legs or arms); set free; liberate

propagate

(v)reproduce, spread Such lies are propagated in the media. Most house plants can be propagated from stem cuttings.

repeal

(v)the act of removing the legal force of a law: We're campaigning for a/the repeal of the abortion laws.

treason

(v)the crime of betraying one's country

halt

(v)to (cause to) stop moving or doing something or happening: "Halt!" called the guard. "You can't go any farther without a permit." Production has halted at all of the company's factories because of the pay dispute. 'Security forces' halted the demonstrators by blocking the road.

embrace

(v)to accept something enthusiastically: This was an opportunity that he would embrace.

accede

(v)to agree

promulgate

(v)to announce; to make sth known officially

bombard

(v)to attack a place with continuous shooting or bombs: The troops bombarded the city, killing and injuring hundreds. (figuratively) As a result, we are bombarded by inputs of all sorts, 24-7.

impute

(v)to attribute or credit sth to someone, to say that someone is responsible for something that has happened, or that something is the cause of something else: They imputed the error to the lawyer who was handling her case. his imputed(adj) anti-regime sentiments

intertwine

(v)to be connected so as to be difficult to separate: The town's prosperity is inextricably intertwined with the fortunes of the factory. as with most traditions, fact and fiction have become inextricably intertwined

deteriorate

(v)to become worse: She was taken into the hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated. (adj)deteriorating

transgress

(v)to break a law or moral rule: Those are the rules, and anyone who transgresses will be severely punished. (n)Who is supposed to have committed these transgressions? Adolescence is a period marked by fascination with the transgression of rules.

breach

(v)to break a law, promise, agreement, or relationship: They breached the agreement they had made with their employer. He was sued for breach of contract.

crumble

(v)to break, or cause something to break, into small pieces: She nervously crumbled the bread between her fingers. 2-to become weaker in strength or influence: Support for the government is crumbling.

render

(v)to cause someone or something to be in a particular state: His rudeness rendered me speechless. New technology has rendered my old computer obsolete.

plague

(v)to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time: My shoulder's been plaguing me all week.

acculturate

(v)to change so that you become more like people from a different culture, or to make someone change in this way: How did Hispanics acculturate to life in America? Indian acculturation(n)

swindle

(v)to cheat someone out of money or property They swindled local businesses out of thousands of dollars. swindle(n)=fraud

equate

(v)to consider one thing to be the same as or equal to another thing: He complained that there was a tendency to equate right-wing politics with self-interest. People sometimes equate money with happiness.

deem

(v)to consider or judge something in a particular way: The area has now been deemed safe. We will provide help whenever you deem it appropriate. Anyone not paying the registration fee by 31 March will be deemed to have withdrawn from the offer.

constrain

(v)to control and limit something: The country's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward. (n)constraint

restrain

(v)to control the actions or behavior of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something: When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain him. She was so angry that she could hardly restrain herself. You should try to restrain your ambitions and be more realistic. Growth in car ownership could be restrained by increasing taxes.

acquit

(v)to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime: She was acquitted of all the charges against her. Five months ago he was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. She was acquitted. The jury acquitted him. #convict

prepetuate

(v)to make permanent or long-lasting, to keep going The movie perpetuates stereotypes of small-town life. self-perpetuating(adj)capable of continuing or renewing oneself indefinitely : capable of perpetuating oneself or itself a self-perpetuating problem

extradite

(v)to make someone return for trial to another country or state where they have been accused of doing something illegal extradition(n) (compare to deport or deportation)

incriminate

(v)to make someone seem guilty, especially of a crime: A secret report incriminating the company was leaked last week. He refused to say anything on the grounds that he might incriminate himself. (adj) incriminating: They planted blood and other incriminating evidence.

console

(v)to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy: He tried to console her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault. I tried to console her with a box of chocolates.

mitigate

(v)to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad: It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island. #exacerbate

temper

(v)to make something less strong, extreme, etc.: My enthusiasm for the venture was tempered by my knowledge of the hard work that would be involved. (n)the state of mind: don't lose your temper / He has a really bad temper /keep your temper

fraternize

(v)to meet someone socially, especially someone who belongs to an opposing army or team, or has a different social position: Do the doctors fraternize much with the nurses here? The soldiers were accused of fraternizing with the enemy.

schlep

(v)to move (carry) yourself or an object with effort and difficulty

recede

(v)to move farther away into the distance, or to become less clear or less bright: McLaughlin expects to go home again when the flood waters recede. The painful memories gradually receded in her mind.

drag

(v)to move something by pulling it along a surface, usually the ground: Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you! She dragged the canoe down to the water. 2-to make someone go somewhere they do not want to go: She had to drag her kids away from the toys. I really had to drag myself out of bed this morning.

nod

(v)to move your head up and down, especially to show agreement, approval Many people in the audience nodded in agreement. When I suggested a walk, Elena nodded enthusiastically.

confiscate

(v)to officially take something away from someone, sometimes for a limited period, because they have done something illegal: Miss Edwards confiscated my phone! His passport was confiscated by the police to prevent him from leaving the country.

heed

(v)to pay attention to, to listen to The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines.

reimburse

(v)to pay back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you: The airline reimbursed me for the amount they had overcharged me. reimbursement(n) They're seeking reimbursement of all medical bills.

beguile(literary)

(v)to persuade, attract, or interest someone, sometimes in order to deceive him or her: He was completely beguiled by her beauty. The salesman beguiled him into buying a car he didn't want. (adj)beguiling: interesting or attractive, but perhaps not to be trusted: That's a beguiling argument, but I'm not convinced by it.

engulf

(v)to surround and cover something or someone completely: The war is threatening to engulf the entire region. Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night.

reminisce

(v)to talk or write about past experiences that you remember with pleasure: My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy.

ponder

(v)to think carefully about something, especially for a noticeable length of time: She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game. She ponders the reaction she'll receive.

toss

(v)to throw something carelessly: He glanced at the letter and then tossed it into the garbage. Andrew tossed him the ball. Let's toss (a coin) to see who'll go first.

transmute

(v)to transform, to change or alter in from

encroach

(v)to trespass or intrude, intrusion on a persion's territory, rights, etc. These devices are encroaching on people's privacy. encroachment(n)

extrapolate

(v)to use existing information to discover what is likely to happen or be true in the future: We as economists tend to just predict the future by extrapolating from the past.

blaspheme

(v)to use offensive words or make statements that show no respect for God or religion (n)Messi fans think that any criticism of her is blasphemy. :D

desecrate

(v)to violate the sacredness of a thing or place desecration(n)

rehash

(v)to write, say, do, etc. something again with no new ideas or improvements: We could simply rehash the published facts - but that would be dull.

copulate

(v, formal))have sexual intercourse

offset

(v, n) counteract, compensate for (verb); a counterbalance (noun)

disintegrate

(v, no object) to decay; decompose; break up and fall apart: The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the earth's atmosphere.

corroborate

(v,formal)to confirm: Recent research seems to corroborate his theory. Without corroboration(n) from forensic tests, it will be difficult to prove that the suspect is guilty.

preclude

(v,formal)to prevent The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time. His contract precludes him from discussing

garnish

(v,in law) to take an amount from someone's wages (= money paid every week to an employee) or bank account in order to pay back money they owe: Debt collectors can garnish funds from your checking account. garnishment(n)

stack

(v,n) 1-to arrange things in an ordered pile: Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretaker began stacking (up) the chairs. He chose a cartoon from the stack of DVDs on the shelf. 2-(v)to fill something with objects: I got a job stacking shelves in a supermarket. Will you stack the dishwasher and switch it on, please? you can stack multiple particles onto a word, and have a very long word.

sublet

(v,n) to have a person other than the original tenant take over the rental unit and payments for the remaining term of the lease

disguise

(v,n) to hide He disguised himself by wearing a false beard. Minor skin imperfections can usually be disguised with a spot of make-up. I couldn't disguise my disappointment. He put on a large hat and glasses as a disguise and hoped no one would recognize him. (adj) disguised

blockade

(v,n) to surround a country or place with soldiers, ships, etc. to stop people or goods from going in or out French farmers lifted their blockade of the Channel Tunnel yesterday. Fishermen began blockading ports to protest the high cost of diesel fuel.

gallop

(v,n)(of a horse) to run fast so that all four feet come off the ground together in each act of forward movement, or (of a person) to ride a horse that is running in this way: We galloped through the woods. At the sound of gunfire the horse suddenly broke into a gallop.

dismiss

(v)to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering: I think he'd dismissed me as an idiot within five minutes of meeting me. Let's not just dismiss the idea before we've even thought about it. Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind - they're crazy and not worth thinking about.

disavow

(v)to deny responsibility for or connection with: The Act expressly disavowed any claim or title whatsoever to dominion or sovereignty over any such islands or places.

pinpoint

(v)to discover or establish something exactly: They were unable to pinpoint the source of the noise. It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.

geophysicist

a person who studies geophysics(the study of the rocks and other substances that make up the earth and the physical processes happening on, in, and above the earth)

money spinner

a product, business, or idea that makes a lot of money money-spinning(adj) You may have a money-spinning idea, but you will need the capital to implement it.

at sb's behest/at the behest of sb

a request Congress adopted the budget resolution at the behest of the president. / at the president's behest

plum

a small, round fruit with a thin, smooth, red, purple, or yellow skin, sweet, soft flesh, and a single large, hard seed: plum jam very good and worth having: How did you manage to get such a plum job? :D

subpoena

a writ ordering a person to attend a court., to order someone to go to a law court to answer questions: A friend of the victim was subpoenaed as a witness by lawyers representing the accused. They were subpoenaed to testify before the judge.

memorandum

a written report prepared especially for a person or group of people and containing information about a particular matter: Ann will send a memorandum to the staff outlining the new procedures. (plural= memoranda)

vernacular

=infromal, everyday language (adj,n) vernacular(adj) or colloquial (everyday) speech among friends differs from official, formal speech. The Spanish I learned in school is very different from the local vernacular(n) of this Mexican village.

pinnacle

=peak (HIGHEST POINT): (n) the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement: By the age of 32 she had reached the pinnacle of her career.

clawback

A clawback is a contractual provision whereby money already paid to an employee must be returned to an employer or benefactor, sometimes with a penalty

covenant not to compete

A contractual promise of one party to refrain from conducting business similar to that of another party for a certain period of time and within a specified geographical area. covenant(v,n) = (to make) an agreement

adversial system

A legal system where two advocates represent their parties' case or position before an impartial person or group of people, usually a judge or jury.

log

the verb "to log" is used to refer to anything that you might record, whether or not you actually record it. I can say "I logged 60,000 airline miles last year" if I flew that many, whether or not I kept a record, because I could have written them down in a book.

humbug

to deceive

unscramble

to decode, to discover the meaning of information given in a secret or complicated way: You need a decoding device to unscramble some of the signals sent out by satellite and cable TV.

strive

to devote much energy or effort, try hard

every now and then (again)

sometimes but not often, occasionally

glittering

sparkling; gleaming, exciting or admired by many people The glittering lights of Hollywood don't promise hope or help for everyone!

exemption

special permission not to do or pay something Candidates with a qualification in chemistry have exemption from this course

began to spring up

started developing, appeared Cities and towns began to spring up across Europe and Asia.

lofty

sth which is high or a high moral standard: a lofty ceiling/mountain/wall lofty sentiments/ideals {a lofty attitude/tone: disapproving,think you are better than other people}

someone stretches someone else enough

sufficiently challenge someone

non-negotiable

that cannot be discussed or changed

pursuit

the act of chasing or seeking

sidetrack

to direct a person's attention away from an activity or subject toward another one that is less important: Ruth was looking for an envelope in a drawer when she got sidetracked by some old letters. The students sidetracked their teacher into talking about her hobby.

diversify

to divide up money into different investments so that if one area turns for the worse then you will be protected, to give variety to, to devolve into Farmers are increasingly diversifying into other activities to supplement their incomes.

deviate

to do something that is different from the usual or common way of behaving: The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of year. He never deviated from his strict vegetarian diet. (n) deviation: The letter cited 'significant deviations from current good manufacturing practice'.

devour

to eat something eagerly and in large amounts so that nothing is left: The young cubs (a young lion, bear, wolf, etc.) hungrily devoured the deer. She loves to read - she devours one book after another. She devoured the novels of Jane Austen.

matriculate

to enroll in a degree program, especially at a college, or to be formally admitted to study at a university or college

Jurisdiction

the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments : The court has no jurisdiction in/over cases of this kind. School admissions are not under/within our jurisdiction.

lifespan ( or attention span )

the length of time for which a person, animal, or thing exists: The average human lifespan in the developed countries has increased over the last hundred years. Attention span is the amount of concentrated time a person can spend on a task without becoming distracted.

pond

an area of water smaller than a lake, often artificially made: My high school had a duck pond in its huge yard :)

dispute

an argument or disagreement: [ C ] Management and the union are trying to resolve the dispute over working conditions. The unions are in dispute with management over pay. Her skill is not in dispute (= there is no disagreement about her skill), but she doesn't produce enough work. He is beyond all dispute (= certainly) the finest actor in Hollywood today. verb: [ + that clause ] I don't dispute that his films are entertaining, but they don't have much depth.

coordinated(adj)

bring the different elements (of a complex activity or organization) into a relationship that will ensure efficiency or harmony. The largest coordinated anti-war rallies coordinate(v): We need someone to coordinate the whole campaign.

ecstacy

intense joy or delight

high-stakes

involving the possible loss of a large amount of money: a high-stakes poker game involving serious risks if there is no success: a high-stakes negotiation the stakes are high!

mountainous terrain

land that has high mountains

sloth

laziness; sluggishness unwillingness to work or make any effort: The report criticizes the government's sloth in tackling environmental problems.

rote learning vs learning by heart

learning something in order to be able to repeat it from memory, rather than in order to understand it She learned multiplication by rote!

merchandise (formal)

n: goods that are bought and sold v: to encourage the sale of goods by advertising them or by making certain that they are noticed: She had to merchandise the new product line.

inadvertently (adv)

not done on purpose; unintentionally; thoughtlessly; accidentally; carelessly

fussy

not easily satisfied fussy eater / "Why am I still single?" "You're too fussy - that's your problem!"

caught up in something

so involved in an activity that you do not notice other things, or be involved in an activity that you did not intend to be involved in: I was so caught up in my school work, that I didn't realize what was happening with my sister.

Intermediary, go-between

someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet

Monk

someone who withdraws from ordinary life, and lives alone or in a community, in order to devote oneself to prayer and work in total dedication to God

attendant

someone whose job is to be in a place and help visitors or customers: a cloakroom/museum attendant

entity

something that has a real or independent existence The museums work closely together, but are separate legal entities

bleed over

something that starts as one thing, then progresses or extends into something else, or escalates into something more serious. Her confidence would often bleed over into bossiness. The words you learn from TV shows really help because that bleed over into conversation.

encrouch on sth

to gradually take away someone else's rights, or to take control of someone's time, work, etc.: What the company is proposing encroaches on the rights of individuals.

set out/forth sth

to give the details of something or to explain it in a clear Your contract will set out the terms and conditions of your employment. ...., where the whole statute was not set forth at length.

entrust

to give trust(responsibility) to someone: He didn't look like the sort of man you should entrust your luggage to. entrust sb to do sth/ entrust sb with sth

submerge

to go below or make something go below the surface of the sea or a river or lake: The submarine submerged when enemy planes were sighted. She was taken to the hospital after being submerged in an icy river for 45 minutes.

descend

to go down or come down something: [ I ] The path descends to the valley below. [ T ] Jane descended the stairs slowly in her wedding gown.

hemorrhage

to lose large amounts of something such as money or blood over a period of time and be unable to stop this happening: The business has been hemorrhaging money for several months.

ameliorate

to make bad situations better,alleviate # compound

rectify

to make right, correct I am determined to take whatever action is necessary to rectify the situation.

tuck sb in

to make someone comfortable in bed, especially a child, by arranging the covers around them: Daddy, if I go to bed now will you tuck me in? The children are safely tucked up in bed.

infuriate

to make someone extremely angry: His sexist attitude infuriates me. (adj) infuriating

alleviate

to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe: The medicine did nothing to alleviate her discomfort.

sanitize(v)

to make something completely clean and free from bacteria sanitation(n) public health

to play down something

to make something seem less important than or not as bad as it really is: The doctor tried to play down the seriousness of my father's illness, but we weren't fooled. American authorities played down the viruses.

fund(v,n)

to provide money for(v) The company has agreed to fund my trip to Australia. an amount of money saved, collected, or provided for a particular purpose(n): The hospital has set up a special fund to buy new equipment.

decry

to publicly criticize something as being undesirable or harmful Mitchell decried the high rate of unemployment in the state.

seize

to take something quickly and keep or hold it: I seized his arm and made him turn to look at me. He seized the chance/opportunity of a free flight with both hands (= with eagerness or enthusiasm). to take using sudden force: The rebels have seized ten soldiers to use as hostages. *seize on/upon something: to use or bring attention to something for your advantage: Immigration issues have been seized on by conservative politicians

deprive

to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone: Some parents deprive themselves of many pleasures so that their children can have the best of everything. He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights. They used sleep deprivation as a form of torture. (n)

lash out

try to hit or attack someone suddenly and violently; or to speak angrily to or against someone: I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face.

terse

using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly, or sometimes brief and to the point "Are you feeling any better?" "No!" was the terse reply. He was shouting terse orders for vehicles to pull over. "Storm coming," he said tersely.(adv)

excel

v. To do well; to be better or greater than others.

knead

v. to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture, firmly and repeatedly with the hands and fingers

desert

verb: to go away from (a place) : to leave (a place) ▪ The inhabitants had deserted the town

hound

verb: to pursue relentlessly =harras The reporters wouldn't stop hounding her. 2-a type of dog (GOT :D)

propound

to put forward(an idea,...), offer, suggest for consideration; to set forth

don

to put on, wear Nahid hastily dons a headscarf

extinguish

to put out a fire; to bring to an end

to cordon off an area

to put something around it in order to stop people from entering it: They had cordoned off the road with yellow barricade tape.

vindicate

to show something to have been right or true, or to show someone to be free from guilt or blame: In order to vindicate their pre-emptive rights ...

scold

to speak to someone angrily because you disapprove of their behavior: His mother scolded him for breaking her favorite vase

embark on(upon)

to start something new or important / She graduated in 1962 and embarked on a career as a teacher.

churn(up)

to stir up, or to damage the surface of the ground, especially by walking on it or driving a vehicle over it The lawn had been churned up by the tractor.

suppress

to stop by force to Suppress protestors/ revolt / rebellions

go off something

to stop liking something I have gone off one of my friends.

exploit

to take advantage of

affiliation

(n)An association with a group or organization

denote

(v)be a sign of; indicate: this mark denotes purity and quality.

perpetrate

(v)carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action) perpetrator(the person ....)

radiant

(adj) expressing great happiness, hope, or beauty: He gave a radiant smile when he heard her news. The bride looked radiant on her wedding day.

cookie-cutter

(adj) having the same configuration or look as many others of a given kind; identical: rows of cookie-cutter houses (n) a sharp metal or plastic device used to cut cookies into shapes before they are cooked

covert

(adj) hidden; undercover: # Overt

imminent

(adj) impending, likely to happen very soon: imminent disaster/danger

shabby

(adj) in poor condition through long or hard use or lack of care = worn(adj)

disposed

(adj) inclined to, to be willing or likely to do something: After all the trouble she put me to, I didn't feel disposed to help her.

extraneous

(adj) irrelevant,not directly connected with or related to something: extraneous information These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.

diffident

(adj) lacking self-confidence,shy and not confident of your abilities: You shouldn't be so diffident about your achievements - you've done really well!

insolvent

(Adj)(especially of a company) not having enough money to pay debts, buy goods, etc., bankrupt #solvent insolvency(adj)

treacherous

(Adj)1-If the ground or sea is treacherous, it is extremely dangerous, especially because of bad weather conditions: Snow and ice have left many roads treacherous, and drivers are warned to use caution. 2-deceives someone who trusts them, or has no loyalty: I feel a bit treacherous to my own sex if I ever make general criticisms of women. He was treacherous, or at least sneaky.

peculiar

(Adj):unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way: She has the most peculiar ideas. What a peculiar smell! It's peculiar that they didn't tell us they were going away. 2-belonging to, relating to, or found in only particular people or things: hey noted that special manner of walking that was peculiar to her alone. This type of building is peculiar to the south of the country.

mainstream

(Adj)accepted by or involving most people in a society Deaf children can often be included in mainstream education. the mainstream political parties mainstream European languages

ethnocentric

(Adj)believing that the people, customs, and traditions of your own race or nationality are better than those of other races

outreach

(Adj)bringing medical or other services to people at home or to where they spend time outreach services

cut-and-dried

(Adj)clear and simple and removing any further uncertainty or difficulty: Unfortunately, there is no cut-and-dried answer to the problem of immigration.

comprehensive

(Adj)complete and including everything that is necessary: We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business. Is this list comprehensive or are there some names missing? He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome.

cognitive

(Adj)connected with thinking or conscious mental processes: Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.

unruly

(Adj)difficult or impossible to control; disobedient Her unruly behavior caused chaos in class.

susceptible

(Adj)easily influenced or likely to be hurt by something: Some people are more susceptible to peer pressure than others. He's very susceptible to colds/this virus. =be prone to sth

inclined

(Adj)having a tendency: Tom is inclined to be lazy. No one seemed inclined to help.

enamored

(Adj)liking something a lot:, fond of I have to say I'm not exactly enamored with/of this part of the country.

attentive

(Adj)listening or watching carefully: an attentive audience The children listened attentively(adv) to the story.

unobjectionable

(Adj)not objectionable; acceptable

tenacious

(Adj)persistent,unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something: Seles is a tenacious opponent - she never gives in. tenacity(n)

potent

(Adj)powerful; highly effective This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.

rife

(Adj)prevalent and full of something unpleasant The office was rife with rumors.

esthetic

(Adj)relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty: The new building has little esthetic value/appeal.

inextricable

(Adj)unable to be separated, freed, or escaped from: There's an inextricable bond between twins. In the case of King Arthur, legend and truth are often inextricable. (adv)inextricably

despondent

(Adj)unhappy and with no hope or enthusiasm: She started to feel despondent about ever finding a job. despondency(n)

berserk

(Adj)very angry or out of control: My mother will go berserk when she finds out I've ruined her favorite dress.

glaringly

(Adv)in a highly obvious or conspicuous manner. the theft glaringly exposes the lack of security

liberating

(adj) making you feel free and able to behave as you like: Taking all your clothes off can be a very liberating experience. (n): liberty: the freedom to live as you wish and go where you want: [ C ] individual liberties [ U ] Our group is fighting for independence, liberty, democracy, and peace.

vicious

(adj) malicious, deliberately cruel or violent The few who disagreed became the targets of vicious written attacks on the Internet.

subtle

(adj) not obvious or noticeable, can also mean small but important The subtle nuances of English pronunciation are hard to master.There are subtle differences between the two. Subtlety(n) / subtly (adv)

indemnity

(LAW,n) protection against having legal responsibility for something: The doctors were given an indemnity against prosecution for performing abortions.

Reconciliation

(N)the act of agreement after a quarrel, the resolution of a dispute

gadgetry

(U,n)a collection of small devices or machines with a particular purpose: We have a juicer, a blender, a coffee grinder - all kinds of kitchen gadgetry. He surrounded himself with the latest, most expensive electronic gadgetry.

relapse

(V)to become ill or start behaving badly again, after making an improvement: She managed to stop using drugs for a month, but then relapsed. He looked happy for a brief while, before relapsing into silent misery.

disincentivize

(V)to discourage: Critics say universal basic income could actually disincentivize people from getting another job (n)High taxes are a disincentive to business.

fare

(V)to get along, to progress or to be in a particular condition: Middle-income families will fare better/worse under the new tax laws. (n)the price you pay for a trip on a bus, train, plane, etc.: How much is the fare to Brussels?

retaliate

(V)to hurt someone or do something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you: If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes the situation worse. The terrorists retaliated against the government with a bomb attack. =fight back, hit back, avenge, revenge (n)retaliation:She suffered severe retaliation for writing articles for the newspapers.

tame

(V,adj)to make a wild animal tame or to control something dangerous or powerful: He tames wild horses. He'll need to tame his temper if he wants to succeed. (esp. of animals) (adj) not wild or fierce, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans: Their goats seem very tame.

cluster

(V,n): a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something: Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph. There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs. People clustered around the noticeboard to read the exam results.

obscene

(ad)offensive to accepted standards of decency or modesty (n)obscenity: The people who made that movie could be prosecuted for obscenity.

fluid

(adj of flow)smooth and continuous: fluid movements It's more fluid

bleak

(adj) (esp. of a place or the weather) cold and not welcoming: It was a bleak, unpleasant day in December. also means without hope: With no job, the future looked bleak.

exuberant

(adj) (esp. of people and their behavior) very energetic, and showing the happiness of being alive: He is an exuberant dancer.

snug

(adj) 1-warm, comfortable, and protected: Are you nice and snug in that sleeping bag? 2- fitting closely or tightly: snug blue jeans

chronological

(adj) arranged in or relating to time order Give me the dates in chronological order. (=sequential) His respiratory age is younger than his chronological age

stilted

(adj) artificially formal, stiff, contrived

Caucasian

(adj) belonging to the races of people who have skin that is of a pale color:(white person) I am Caucasian and I am dating a Korean girl. All the subjects participating in our study were Caucasians.(n)

far-reaching

(adj) broad, extensive, widespread

prudent

(adj) careful, cautious

radical

(adj) completely different, unique, extreme radical action, He was known as a radical reformer/thinker/politician. These people have very radical views. We need to make some radical changes to our operating procedures. I'm just having my hair trimmed - nothing radical.

incessant

(adj) constant, ceaseless, never-ending, perpetual

obscure

(adj) difficult to see, vague, unclear and difficult to understand: Official policy has changed for reasons that remain obscure.

skeptical

(adj) doubting that something is true or useful: Many experts remain skeptical about/of his claims. I'm a bit skeptical about his chances of success.

incongruous

(adj) out of place, inappropriate

liable

(adj)1-(LAW)having (legal) responsibility for something or someone: The law holds parents liable if a child does not attend school. If we lose the case we may be liable for (= have to pay) the costs of the whole trial. He is still liable for repaying his student loan. 2-very likely to do something: The areas of town near the river are liable to flooding He's liable to make a fuss if you wake him.

lush

(adj)1-A lush area has a lot of green, healthy plants, grass, and trees: lush green valleys 2-very attractive to look at, taste, smell, etc.: the lush sound of the orchestra the lush taste of ice cream

rusty

(adj)1-covered with rust (= metal decay): a rusty car 2-If a skill you had is rusty, it is not as good as it was because you have not practiced it: My Italian is a bit rusty these days.

sloppy

(adj)1-very wet or liquid, often in a way that is unpleasant: The batter (paste) was a little sloppy so I added some more flour. She covered his face with sloppy kisses. Maybe it will rain and the track will be sloppy. 2-not taking care or messy: Spelling mistakes always look sloppy in a formal letter. Another sloppy pass like that might lose them the whole game. At home I tend to wear big sloppy(loose and do not look neat) sweaters and jeans. in a sloppy way of saying...

seamless

(adj)1-without a seam; without anything to indicate where two things were joined together; smooth: seamless stockings/socks 2-happening without any sudden changes, interruption, or difficulty: The intention is to achieve a seamless transition with a continuity of management. The conversation flowed seamlessly(Adv)

communal

(adj): belonging to or used by all members of a group: The neighborhood council organized voluntary communal patrols. (n): a group of families or single people who live and work together sharing possessions and responsibilities: She left her husband to join a women's commune.

inquisitive

(adj): curious, wanting to discover as much as you can about things an inquisitive child an inquisitive mind Our neighbors are too inquisitive.

emphatic

(adj): done or said in a strong way and without any doubt: Poland reached the finals of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5-0 victory over Italy. The governor has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation. emphatically(adverb) He emphatically denied the rumors.

undue

(adj): more than is acceptable or necessary,unwarranted or inappropriate because excessive or disproportionate: Another rise in interest rates so soon would risk spreading undue alarm among businesses and consumers. (undue pressure/strain/hardship) A council member said the package was the best deal the city could offer the company without putting undue strain on the city's finances. (an undue burden/risk/delay) Opponents have argued that the bill is an undue burden on business.

faint

(adj):not strong or clear; slight: a faint sound/noise/smell The lamp gave out a faint glow. (v)to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down: He faints at the sight of blood.

elaborate

(adj)= detailed:containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts: You want a plain blouse to go with that skirt - nothing too elaborate. They're making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding. He came out with such an elaborate excuse that I didn't quite believe him. (v)= expatiate, to add more information to or explain something that you have said: The congresswoman said she was resigning, but refused to elaborate on her reasons for doing so.

sacred

(adj)= holy: sacred relics/temples This area is sacred to the Apaches. considered too important to be changed: His daily routine is absolutely sacred to him.

deductible

(adj)A deductible amount can be taken away from a total: Expenses like office phone bills are tax-deductible (= you do not have to pay tax on them). deductibility(n)

tenuous

(adj)A tenuous connection, idea, or situation is weak and possibly does not exist: The police have only found a tenuous connection between the two robberies.

agrarian

(adj)An agrarian place or country makes its money from farming rather than industry: This part of the country is mainly agrarian. #industrialized

stupendous

(adj)Extremely impressive; amazing, very large in number

time-barred

(adj)If something is time-barred, it means that the time set for carrying out a particular action has elapsed.

underway

(adj)If something is underway, it is happening now: Economic recovery is already underway. get underway: to begin: The film festival gets underway on July 11.

proportional

(adj)If two amounts are proportional, they change at the same rate so that the relationship between them does not change: Weight is proportional to size. How far you go is directly proportional to how fast you go (= as one thing increases, the other increases at exactly the same rate). There's a false idea that physical prowess and intellectual ability are inversely proportional (= as one gets bigger, the other gets smaller).

frivolous

(adj)Lacking in seriousness or importance the defendants seek an exercise of the inherent jurisdiction of the Court to stay actions which are frivolous and vexatious.

complacent

(adj)Self-satisfied, smug; overly content

law-abiding

(adj)Someone who is law-abiding obeys the law: Such actions against law-abiding citizens will not be tolerated.

counter-intuitive

(adj)Something that is counter-intuitive does not happen in the way you would expect it to: Steering a sailboat is counter-intuitive - you push the tiller the opposite way to the way you want to go. And I found from there, it actually began to get easier, as odd as that sounds. It's a bit counterintuitive.

dormant

(adj)Something that is dormant is not active or growing but has the ability to be active at a later time: The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting. These investments have remained dormant for several years. (lie/remain/sit dormant) The legislation was drafted and then lay dormant in Parliament for months.

indispensable

(adj)absolutely necessary, not to be neglected

elusive

(adj)difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember: The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. Success, however, remained elusive for her. elusive memories (v) elude: The gold medal continues to elude her. They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. They eluded the police by fleeing. I know who you mean but her name eludes me. (n)elusiveness: The work's prime focus is on the elusiveness of identity - how we try to define ourselves. (adv)elusively

demoralized

(adj)discouraged,having lost your confidence, enthusiasm, and hope: After the game, the players were tired and demoralized.

enlisted

(adj)enroll or be enrolled in the armed services.(he/she is not an officer.) an enlisted man = volunteer(v) for sth

over-the-top

(adj)excessive or exaggerated. "failed, over-the-top attempts at humor" over-the-top spending

congenital

(adj)exists at or from birth: a congenital abnormality/disease/ liar(:D)

maddening

(adj)extremely annoying; infuriating, vexing

barbaric(barbarous)

(adj)extremely cruel and unpleasant: She found the idea of killing animals for pleasure barbaric.

immense

(adj)extremely large in size or degree: immense wealth/value They spent an immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.

excruciating

(adj)extremely painful an excruciating headache excruciating to watch

vile

(adj)extremely unpleasant, immoral, and unacceptable

fraught with

(adj)filled with, full of

ingrained

(adj)fixed deeply and firmly, not likely to change: Such ingrained prejudices cannot be corrected easily.

consecutive

(adj)following one after another without an interruption: We've had five consecutive days of rain. =(adj)successive consecutively(adv)

extrinsic

(adj)foreign, coming from outside Extrinsic forces were responsible for the breakdown of the peace talks. #intrinsic

solemn

(adj)formal and dignified the respondent's claim for probate of a will in solemn form.

ubiquitous

(adj)found or existing everywhere: The cell phone, that most ubiquitous of consumer-electronic appliances, is about to enter a new age. (n)ubiquity

gargantuan

(adj)gigantic, enormous,very large: a gargantuan appetite

indebted

(adj)grateful to someone because of help that person has given you: For her encouragement and support, I am especially indebted to my wife, Nancy.

hollow

(adj)having a hole or empty space inside: a hollow tube Hollow blocks are used because they are lighter. 2-without value It was something of a hollow victory - she won the case but lost all her savings in legal fees.

impecunious

(adj)having little or no money impecuniosity(n)

apolitical

(adj)having no connection or interest in politics

determinative

(adj)having power or tendency to determine : tending to fix, settle, or define something regard experiments as determinative of the principles from which deductions could be made

coterminous

(adj)having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning the constitutional concept of an alien is not co-terminous with any persons whom the Commonwealth Parliament chooses to make statutory citizens.

competent

(adj)having the skills or knowledge to do something well enough to meet a basic standard: (=adept / capable / expert / proficient / skillful) All we want is someone competent to manage the staff. (LAW)having enough mental ability for a particular purpose: The judge decided that he was competent to stand trial. He reached a reasonable level of competence(n) in English.

thorny

(adj)having thorns: a thorny rose bush or A thorny problem is one that is full of difficulties: The thorny issue of illegal immigration remains unresolved.

illicit

(adj)illegal, unlawful

irreparable

(adj)impossible to repair or make right again: irreparable damage

better off

(adj)in a more satisfactory situation than you were before( in terms of money, ...) I know you're unhappy that the relationship ended, but you're better off without him. #badly-off

inchoate

(adj)in an initial stage; not fully formed inchoate crimes

untenable

(adj)indefensible This submission is untenable.

paltry

(adj)insignificant; worthless

malicious

(adj)intended to harm or upset other people: malicious gossip a malicious look in his eyes He complained that he'd been receiving malicious phone calls. He was charged with malicious wounding.(n,v:to damage an area of the body)

pairwise

(adj)involving or forming a pair or pairs. "all possible pairwise combinations of the four operations"

tripartite

(adj)involving three people or organizations, or existing in three parts: A tripartite agreement brought together government, industry, and labor unions in an effort to reduce unemployment.

segregated

(adj)kept separate or treated differently according to race, sex, religion, etc. : segregated schools The South was completely segregated then. (n)The community fought to end segregation in schools and housing. the segregation of employment by gender #integrated/integration

humane

(adj)kind, merciful: The humane way of dealing with a suffering animal is to kill it quickly. (adv)humanely #inhumane

invidious

(adj)likely to arouse or incur resentment or anger in others

decent

(adj)socially acceptable or good: Everyone should be entitled to a decent wage/standard of living. I thought he was a decent person. It was very decent (= kind) of you to help. It made quite a decent-sized (= large) hole. After the recent scandal, the priest is expected to do the decent thing and resign from his position. I found that after a month or so, I could have a relatively decent conversation

able-bodied

(adj)someone who is healthy and has no illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult to do the things that other people do: All able-bodied young men were forced to join the army. (n) It is hard for 'the' able-bodied to understand the difficulties that disabled people encounter in their daily lives.

justiciable

(adj)subject to trial in a court of law justiciability(n)

edible

(adj)suitable or safe for eating: Only the leaves of the plant are edible. #inedible

subsidiary

(adj)supplemental; additional; secondary or subordinate

bipartisan

(adj)supported by or consisting of two political parties: a bipartisan committee

makeshift

(adj)temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need: Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps.

tantalizing

(adj)tempting;causing excitement, interest, and desire: a tantalizing question a tantalizing job offer

optimal

(adj)the best or most effective possible in a particular situation: Companies benefit from the optimal use of their resources and personnel. We have found that our workers reach their optimal level of performance around 11 a.m. There is an optimal amount of food and exercise that people eat and engage in.

supervening

(adj)to happen in the middle of a situation that already exists, and change that situation, unforeseen development any plan is liable to be disrupted by supervening events. A limited life expectancy can include plenty of activities with lots of living, until dying (or death) supervenes.

aggregate

(adj)total an aggregate sentence of three years and six months' imprisonment (n)aggregation

fair

(adj)treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable, or treating people equally and not allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment: All he asks is a fair chance to prove his innocence. I'm willing to do my fair share of the work (= equal part). 2-neither very good nor very bad: He's good in physics but only fair in math. 3-large or great in comparison: We still had a fair amount of foreign money when we returned. 4-likely to be correct; accurate: The architect's drawing will give you a pretty fair idea of what the completed house will look like. 5-(of skin) pale, or (of hair) light in color: If you have fair skin, you'll get a sunburn easily. (n)a public event, usually held outside, where goods and sometimes farm animals are shown and sold and where there is often food and entertainment (a county/state/car/book/antiques/toy fair)

objective

(adj)unbiased; not subjective, based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings: an objective and impartial report I can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work. (n)aim, goal, something that you plan to do or achieve: Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power. Can the sales team achieve/meet its financial objectives?

immutable

(adj)unchangeable immutable(mandatory) law

intact

(adj)untouched or not damage; complete and in the original state: The church was destroyed in the bombing but the altar survived intact. they are much more likely to arrive at old age with all their faculties intact.

sun-kissed

(adj)used to describe a place that receives a lot of sun, or a person whose appearance is attractive because they have recently been in the sun A sun-kissed vineyard

brick-and-mortar

(adj)used to describe a traditional business that operates in a building, when compared to one that operates over the internet: brick-and-mortar stores/retailers

divisive

(adj)used to describe something that causes great and sometimes unfriendly disagreement within a group of people: The Vietnam war was an extremely divisive issue in the U.S.

formative

(adj)used to describe the time when someone or something is growing or being formed: She spent her formative years in Africa. a formative experience / a formative period

top-down

(adj)used to refer to a situation in which decisions are made by a few people in authority rather than by the people who are affected by the decisions, starting from the highest levels or from the most general ideas of an organization, system, plan, etc.: a top-down approach/strategy #bottom-up

impending

(adj)used to refer to an event, usually something unpleasant or unwanted, that is going to happen soon: impending disaster/doom/crisis The player announced his impending retirement from international football. (v)impend:A crisis of huge proportions impends in the area.

coercive

(adj)using force to persuade people to do things that they are unwilling to do: The president relied on the coercive powers of the military. coercive measures/tactics

abusive

(adj)using rude and offensive words, or treating someone badly or cruelly, esp. physically: an abusive letter/phone call He was apparently abusive to the flight attendants. The former chairman was found guilty of abusive practices and banned from buying or selling shares.

antithetical

(adj)very different from and in opposition to someone or something or each other: In her view, elite sports are actually antithetical to healthy living.

manifestly

(adj)very obviously: He claims that he is completely committed to the project, yet this is manifestly untrue. (v) manifest: to show something clearly, through signs or actions: The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price.

grid

(n)A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles. A grid is also a system of wires through which electricity is connected to different parts of a region: a power grid

withdrawal

(n) when you take money out of a bank account: The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week. he act or process of taking something away so that it is no longer available, or of someone stopping being involved in an activity: Doctors demanded the withdrawal of the drug (from the market) after several cases of dangerous side-effects were reported. behavior in which someone prefers to be alone and does not want to talk to other people: Withdrawal is a classic symptom of depression. an act of taking something back, removing something, or moving something back: [ C ] a troop withdrawal [ C ] Her sudden withdrawal from the competition surprised everyone.

dividend

(n)(a part of) the profit of a company that is paid to the people who own shares in it: Dividends will be sent to stockholders.

refuge

(n)(a place that gives) protection or shelter from danger, trouble, unhappiness, etc.: These people are seeking/taking refuge from persecution.

cyberjunkie/cyberpunk

(n)(informal) A person who is addicted to computers or the Internet. (n)literature about an imaginary society controlled by computers: cyberpunk science fiction

mutter

(n),(v)1. to speak or say something in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear, especially because you are annoyed about something He muttered something under his breath to the person next to him. 2. a complaint that is made to only a few people: There were mutters that other departments received more money than ours.

stance

(n)1- an opinion about something, esp. one that is publicly expressed: (mindset, mentality, take on sth) The governor's stance on the issue of tax cuts is well known. 2-(n)a way of standing: He had the stance of a baseball player focusing on the ball.

discretion

(n)1- individual choice or judgment (left the decision to his discretion) 2- power of free decision 3-the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offense or revealing private information.

tract

(n)1- short piece of writing: a moral/religious tract 2-a system of tubes and organs in the body that are connected and have a particular purpose: the digestive/urinary tract 3-a large area of land, or a measured area of land: A new hospital will be built on the 60-acre tract.

charter

(n)1-A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company .... despite having an express royal charter from the king. 2-(n,v)an act of renting a vehicle for a special use, esp. by a group of people: Charters with low fares have attracted new airline passengers.

notch

(n)1-a V-shaped cut in a hard surface 2-(v)to achieve or keep a record of something: Her band notched another Grammy Award last night. 3-(n) an imaginary point or position in a system of comparing values, where a higher position is better and a lower position is worse: Among current players, she is rated a notch above (= is better than) the rest. Last year, America came in thirteenth place, behind Israel, and just a few notches ahead of Mexico and Brazil.

dictum

(n)1-a formal pronouncement from an authoritative source: the dicta(plural) of High Court Judges. 2-saying, a short statement that expresses a general truth or principle: the old dictum 'might is right'.

contingent

(n)1-a group of people representing an organization or country, or a part of a military force: The conservative contingent walked out of the convention when their plan was rejected. 2-(adj)depending on something else in the future in order to happen: Outdoor activities are, as ever, contingent on the weather. Our success is contingent upon your support.

recess

(n)1-a period of time in which an organized activity such as study or work is temporarily stopped: Congress returns from its August recess next week. After lunch, the kids have recess. 2-a secret or hidden place: He pointed his flashlight into the dark recesses of the cave.

outlook

(n)1-a person's way of understanding and thinking about something: He has a fairly positive outlook on life. 2-the likely future situation: The outlook for the economy is bleak.

mold

(n)1-a soft, green or gray growth that develops on old food or on objects: There was mold on the cheese. 2-a hollow container with a particular shape into which soft or liquid substances are poured= a cake mold 3-have the characteristics typical of a certain type of person (we use it in persian too!) = He's cast in a very different mold from his brother. (v)1- same as the #2, shape sth into a particular form: She molded the clay into little animals. 2-or figuratively doing so: Parents help mold a child's character.

feast

(n)1-a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people: "What a feast!" she said, surveying all the dishes on the table. a wedding feast 2-something that is very enjoyable to see, hear, experience, etc.: a visual feast

contempt

(n)1-a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something: At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers. You should treat those remarks with the contempt that they deserve. She's beneath contempt (= I have no respect for her)! 2-(LAW)behavior that is illegal because it does not obey or respect the rules of a law court: The tobacco companies may be guilty of contempt of court for refusing to produce the documents. (adj)contemptuous: a contemptuous manner/laugh He was very contemptuous of "popular" writers,... (adv)contemptuously: The waiter smiled contemptuously at....

undertaking

(n)1-an effort to do something, esp. to do a large or difficult job, or the job that is done: 2-pledge(formal promise)

riot

(n)1-an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest, a noisy and violent public gathering: Inner-city riots erupted when a local man was shot by police. (v)Students are rioting in the streets of the capital.

ventilator

(n)1-an opening or a device that allows fresh air to come into a closed space 2-a machine that helps people breathe correctly by allowing air to flow in and out of their lungs: (covid-19 :D) ventilation(system)

conjuction

(n)1-connecting words such as and,but, or 2-the situation in which events or conditions combine or happen together: There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book.

descent

(n)1-the origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality. 2-an act of moving downwards, dropping, or falling. "the plane had gone into a steep descent" 3-the arrival of something or someone, esp. when it is unpleasant or unwanted: The descent of dozens of motorcycles terrified local residents. We weren't prepared for the descent of thousands of journalists on the town.

friction

(n)1-the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. 2-disagreement or dislike caused by people having different opinions: There's less friction in relationships when you use teamwork. frictional, frictionless (adj)

equity

(n)1-the situation in which everyone is treated fairly and equally:(Compare to equality) a society based on equity and social justice 2-(LAW)in English-speaking countries, a system of justice that allows a fair judgment of a case where the laws that already exist are not satisfactory

summit

(n)1-the top or highest point, esp. of a mountain 2-a meeting of government leaders from several countries: The economic summit did not accomplish all that the President had hoped it would.

veteran

(n)1. a person who has served in the armed forces the surviving veterans of World War II (n, adj)2. a person with much experience = seasoned, experienced

legislation

(n)75% of Americans support legislation that includes improved fuel-economy rules. The Data Protection Act is a piece of legislation aimed at protecting the privacy of the individual. (push for/introduce/pass legislation) Legislation was passed in the House earlier this month to double the National Science Foundation grants. (proposed/new/tougher legislation) Under the proposed legislation, businesses will have to provide detailed evidence of how they pay themselves.

burden

(n): 1- something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about: the burden of responsibility My elderly mother worries that she's a burden to me. Buying a house often places a large financial burden on young couples. The war had put an insupportable financial burden on the country. (v)The irony of it is that the new tax system will burden those it was intended to help. (v)I don't want to burden you with my problems. 2- a heavy load that you carry: The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden.

conviction

(n): 1-he fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty: Since it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence. 2-a strong opinion or belief: a deep/strong/lifelong/firm conviction [ + that ] It's my personal conviction that all rapists should be locked away for life.

orientation

(n): 1-the particular things that a person prefers, believes, thinks, or usually does: We employ people without regard to their political or sexual orientation. 2-the particular interests, activities, or aims of an organization or business: the company's new eco-friendly orientation 3-training or preparation for a new job or activity: The department has arranged an orientation session. (orientation week)

Correlation

(n): a connection between two or more things: There is a proven correlation between educational level and income. The study found that weather conditions were not correlated with joint pain. (v) Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated (= connected).

motif

(n): a pattern or design: We chose some curtains with a flower motif.

hostel

(n): a place where people, especially young people, can stay cheaply for short periods when they are travelling, with shared rooms and sometimes some private rooms: We stayed in a lovely hostel just off the main square.

lust

(n): a very powerful feeling of wanting something: her lust for power It's wonderful to see the children's lust for life (= how enthusiastic they are about life).

mettle

(n): ability and determination when competing or doing something difficult: The team showed/proved its mettle in the final round.

nonconformist

(n): someone who lives and thinks in a way that is different from other people (adj): having a way of thinking that is different from other people: nonconformist behavior He remains one of his generation's most nonconformist writers.

autonomy

(n): the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else: Demonstrators demanded immediate autonomy for their region. The universities want to preserve their autonomy from central government. But in Finland, teachers are given far more autonomy. autonomous(adj) = independent

inauguration

(n): the act of officially putting someone into an important position, or the ceremony at which this is done: He watched the inauguration of his country's new president. an inauguration ceremony the act of something officially starting to be used: In 1900 Paris saw the inauguration of the Metro. the beginning of a new period, style, or activity: It was the inauguration of a new era in American life.

implication

(n): the effect that an action or decision will have on something else in the future: The company is cutting back its spending and I wonder what the implications will be for our department. What are the implications of the new law? 2-an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly: [ + that ] From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. (v): implicate: to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened: Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?

crater

(n): the round hole at the top of a volcano, or a hole in the ground similar to this: a bomb crater With a good telescope, you can see craters on the moon. (v)drop or fall suddenly and disastrously; collapse. coronavirus is cratering businesses.

standstill

(n):a condition in which all movement or activity has stopped: The runaway bus eventually came to a standstill when it rolled into a muddy field. Fighting and shortages have brought normal life to a virtual standstill in the city.

exoneration

(n)= exculpate, to clear, as of an accusation; free from guilt or blame, the act of showing or stating that someone or something is not guilty of something exonerate(V): The report exonerated the crew from all responsibility for the collision.

hardship

(n)a condition that causes difficulty or suffering, for example, being without a job or enough money: (financial/economic hardship) The price of cooking gas increased five-fold, worsening the economic hardship. extreme,real,severe hardship The Commission does not believe that the proposed rule change will pose an undue hardship on venture capital firms.

ally

(n)a country that has agreed to give help and support to another, esp. during a war, or a person who helps and supports someone else During the First World War, Turkey and Germany were allies/Turkey was an ally of Germany. He is generally considered to be the prime minister's closest political ally.

fallacy

(n)a false or mistaken idea, misconception

pretext

(n)a false reason, deceptive excuse

disquiet

(n)a feeling of anxiety or worry The leader's decline in popularity is causing disquiet among supporters.

relief

(n)a feeling of happiness that something unpleasant has not happened or has ended: It was such a relief to hear that Marta was found safe and well. After the exam, I felt an incredible sense of relief. "James can't come tonight." "Well, that's a relief!" to seek/find/provide relief from the heat,cold,pain,noise 2-the reduction or end of pain: Aspirin may give you some relief. 3-food, money, or services for people in need: disaster relief

grudge

(n)a feeling of resentment, grievance: Amanda still has/holds a grudge against me for refusing to lend her that money.

hunch

(n)a feeling that something is true even though you do not have any evidence to prove it I had a hunch that you'd be here. 2-(v) to lean forward with your shoulders raised or to bend your back: (=slouch) Stand up straight and don't hunch your back.

premonition

(n)a feeling that something, especially something unpleasant, is going to happen: He had a premonition that his plane would crash, so he took the train. She had a sudden premonition of what the future might bring. a psychic premonition

dogma

(n)a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts borhani is a dogmatic(adj) person :D

dialect

(n)a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a country, containing some different words and grammar, etc.: a regional dialect The poem is written in northern dialect.

indictment

(n)a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime He's currently under indictment for embezzlement.(to secretly take money that is in your care or that belongs to an organization or business you work for) The defendent was tried on indictment.

abdication

(n)a formal resignation and renunciation of powers abdicate(v)

deposition

(n)a formal written statement made or used in a law court: Before the court case, we had to file/give a deposition. Our lawyer took a deposition from us. a sworn deposition

ensemble

(n)a group of people who perform music together, or a collection of things intended to be used together, a group of sth: a woodwind ensemble I admired her ensemble of coat, hat, and shoes. ensemble cast

array

(n)a large group of people or things; an orderly arrangement or display The airport shops offer a wide array of merchandise.

contemplation

(n)a long and thoughtful observation The nuns have an hour for silent contemplation every morning.

hose

(n)a long, usually plastic or rubber pipe that can be bent and is used to move water or other substances: a fire hose a garden hose a radiator hose

foothill

(n)a low mountain or low hill at the bottom of a larger mountain or range of mountains: the foothills of the Pyrenees

stigma

(n)a mark of shame or disgrace

whodunit

(n)a mystery or detective story, a story about a crime and the attempt to discover who committed it: t's one of those whodunits where you don't find out who the murderer is till the very end.

aptitude

(n)a natural ability or skill: My son has no/little aptitude for sports. We will take your personal aptitudes and abilities into account. =flair,gift,talent

propensity

(n)a natural inclination or tendency She's inherited from her father a propensity to talk too much.

disposition

(n)a natural tendency to do something, the particular type of character that a person naturally has: She is of a nervous/cheerful/sunny disposition. a disposition to deceive 2-(law)the way in which a formal process, such as a business deal or a matter dealt with in a court of law, is completed: This describes the principal issues raised in the review and states the Regulation Board's disposition of the proceeding. 3-the process of selling something or formally giving it to someone: We have no control over the disposition of the funds in that account.

parlance

(n)a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest.

Motif

(n)a pattern or design: We chose some curtains with a flower motif. = A recurring theme

probation

(n)a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison: He was fined and given two years' probation. The judge put him on probation for two years. He served a year in prison and was then let out on probation.

fixture

(n)a permanently fixed piece of furniture in a house, such as a bath + you can use it figuratively: They've been together so long he's become a permanent fixture in her life.

casualty

(n)a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war: The train was derailed but there were no casualties, police said. The rebels suffered heavy casualties. 2-a person or thing that suffers as a result of something else happening: She lost her job in 2011, a casualty of the recession. The first casualty of the reorganization will be the bus service, which will be stopped altogether.

caveat

(n)a warning to consider something before taking any more action, or a statement that limits a more general statement: He agreed to the interview, with the caveat that he could approve the final article. One caveat: while the plans can offer an opportunity to accumulate significant wealth over time, they cannot guarantee the safety of employee contributions.

certiorari

(n)a writ or order by which a higher court reviews a decision of a lower court

credence

(n)acceptance, support, or belief that something is true: I'd heard rumors over the years, but I never gave them any credence whatsoever. His bruises added/lent credence to his statement that he had been beaten.

feat

(n)achievement, accomplishment: The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of engineering. He accomplished amazing feats.

conductivity

(n)allowing heat or electricity to go through something, or the degree to which a substance allows this this electrical/thermal conductivity conductive(adj)Aluminum is a conductive metal.

bailout

(n)an act of giving financial assistance to a failing business or economy to save it from collapse. The real reason Boeing didn't take government bailout money. // a bailout package/plan

scandal

(n)an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage: cause/create (a) scandal The politician's behaviour caused a scandal. a financial/political/sex scandal

quantum

(n)an amount of something: quantum of sth: Earnings depend on the quantum of work done by you.

carnivore

(n)an animal that eats meat: Lions and tigers are carnivores. I made mostly vegetarian food but put a couple of meat dishes out for the carnivores (= people who eat meat). (adj)carnivorous: carnivorous plants I gave up my carnivorous diet several years ago. Farmed cod and haddock(two types of fish) are carnivorous and need to be fed other sea fish. #herbivore(n), herbivorous(adj)

summit

(n)an important formal meeting between leaders of governments from two or more countries: a summit meeting World leaders will meet next week for their annual economic summit. 2-the summit the highest, most successful, or most important point in something: I certainly haven't reached the summit of my career. =peak

competency

(n)an important skill that is needed to do a job: managerial competencies

indulgence

(n)an occasion when you allow to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you: Chocolate is my only indulgence. All the pleasures and indulgences of the weekend are over, and I must get down to some serious hard work. His health suffered from over-indulgence in (= too much) rich food and drink.

cleft

(n)an opening or crack, especially in a rock or the ground: Eagles often nest in a cleft in the rocks. divided into two or more parts: He was strikingly handsome, with dark, wavy hair, a cleft chin (= with a deep vertical line), and penetrating blue eyes.

guild

(n)an organization of people in the same craft or trade, similar to union

discrepancy

(n)an unexpected difference, esp. in two amounts or two sets of facts or conditions, which suggests that something is wrong and has to be explained: There were troubling discrepancies between his public and private opinions

tangle

(n)an untidy mass of things that are not in a state of order, or a state of confusion or difficulty: a tangle of wires to become or cause something to become a messy mass of things: I tangled the cables and don't know which is which. Her hair tangles easily. How to Keep Your Headphones From Tangling?!

nuisance

(n)annoyance, that may be able to be solved by the law: noise/odour/public nuisance The EPA says the landfill is a public nuisance because of the odors.

bunch

(n)any particular group of things or people: We ate a whole bunch of grapes. They're a nice bunch of people. infml I've got a bunch of things to do.

podium

(n)area on which a person stands to speak to a large number of people, to conduct music, or to receive a prize in a sports competition: Tears ran down her face as she stood on the winner's podium.

demeanor

(n)behavior; manner of conducting oneself There was nothing in his demeanor that suggested he was anxious.

Denotation and Connotation

(n)connotation is an implied meaning, denotation is the exact definition

dominion

(n)control over a country or people: God has dominion over (= controls) all his creatures.

apogee

(n)culmination, climax At their apogee, the novels of Spillane claimed worldwide sales of over $180 million.

subterfuge

(n)deceit used in order to achieve one's goal

remorse

(n)deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed: He felt no remorse for the murders he had committed. remorseful(adj): I'm still remorseful for having broken it.

delineation

(n)depiction, representation; portrayal

aftermath

(n)events following some occurrence; a consequence of, as a result of Many more people died in the aftermath of the explosion.

outing

(n)excursion an outing to the beach

detonation

(n)explosion

xenophobia

(n)extreme dislike or fear of foreigners, their customs, their religions, etc. (adj)The attacks have been described by police as racist and xenophobic. (Trump :D)

fidelity

(n)faithfulness; loyalty

sentiment

(n)feeling or emotion about sth Nationalist sentiment has increased in the area since the bombing. It's a very bad situation." "My sentiments exactly (= I completely agree)."

anchor

(v)(n)a heavy metal object attached to a boat by a rope or chain that, when dropped into the water and resting on the bottom, keeps the boat from moving: We dropped the anchor and took out our fishing rods. A ship is anchored and ready to set sail for England on my command. (v)(n)to report the news and manage reports: He anchored the morning news for many years. The mayor grants frequent interviews to local news anchors.

befall, befell, befallen

(v)(of something bad) to happen to a person or place: Many natural disasters have befallen that region.

contend

(v)1- to compete in order to win something or to achieve a position of leadership: 2- to claim sth

appeal

(v)1- to make a serious or formal request, especially to the public, for money, information, or help: They're appealing for clothes and blankets to send to the devastated region. The police are appealing to the public for any information about the missing girl. I tried to appeal to (= ask for support based on) his sense of loyalty, stressing how good the company had been to him. [ + to infinitive ] Church leaders have appealed to the government to halt the war. 2-to interest or attract someone: It's a programme designed to appeal mainly to 16 to 25-year-olds. I think what appeals to me about his painting is his use of colour. appeal can be noun as well, with the same aforementioned meanings: a serious or formal request for help, esp. in a public emergency: Many charities issued an appeal for contributions to help victims of the earthquake. Eating out has lost much of its appeal.

appoint

(v)1-I KNOW: to arrange a date 2-to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility

overrun

(v)1-If unwanted people or things overrun, they fill a place quickly and in large numbers: Rebel soldiers overran the embassy last night. 2-(v,n)to continue past an intended limit, especially a finishing time or a cost: My evening class overran by ten minutes.(v) Politicians, facing budget overruns, continue to cut spending.(n)

discharge

(v)1-to allow someone to leave or asked someone to leave her job: Allen was discharged from the hospital yesterday. 2-send out a substance, esp. waste matter: The soapy water from the washing machine will discharge directly into the waste line. 3-to perform a duty, esp. an official one: He continued to discharge his duties as administrator of the fund.

reign

(v)1-to be the king or queen of a country: Queen Victoria reigned over Britain from 1837 to 1901. (n)the reign of Henry VIII 2-a period when a particular person, feeling, or quality is very important or has a strong influence: his successful reign(n) as manager of the team The bomb attacks produced a panic which reigned(v) over the city. Love reigned(v) supreme in her heart.

lull

(v)1-to cause someone to feel calm, sleepy, or safe: The music lulled the infant to sleep. They were lulled into a certain sense of security that says we're okay 2-(n): a short period of calm in which little happens: the lull before the storm

force-feed

(v)1-to force (a person or animal) to eat and drink, often by sending food to the stomach through a tube in the mouth 2-to force (someone) to learn something or accept an opinion or belief: Children should not be force-fed this nonsense in school. Are we being force-fed pre-selected, biased reporting?

detain

(v)1-to force someone officially to stay in a place: A suspect is being detained by the police for further questioning. (n)detention:He claimed that his detention by the authorities was unlawful. 2-To detain someone is also to delay that person for a short period of time: We were detained in traffic and arrived at the theater a little late.

avert

(v)1-to prevent something bad from happening, avoid: to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine to avert disaster/economic collapse The last-minute agreement averted renewed fighting. He argued that the way to avert an economic crisis is for individuals to follow their usual spending habits. 2-to turn away your eyes or thoughts: I averted my gaze/eyes while he dressed. We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems.

wander

(v)1-to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction: We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city. 2-If someone's hands or eyes wander, they touch or look in many different places, especially in a sexual way or when they should not do this: If his hands start to wander, tell him firmly, "No, I'm not ready for this." 3-to have sexual relationships or experiences outside of your marriage or usual relationship: She had enough problems dealing with a wandering husband. ***4- like daydream: Halfway through the meeting my mind started to wander.

unravel

(v)1. if you unravel threads that are twisted, woven, or knit, or if they unravel, they become separated 2. (of a system, plan, relationship, etc.) to start to fail or no longer stay together as a whole: everal months of careful diplomacy were unravelled. 3. to explain something that is difficult to understand or is mysterious; to become clearer or easier to understand

hone

(v)1. to develop and improve something, especially a skill, over a period of time He helps performers hone their skills as dancers and singers. (v)2. to make a blade sharp or sharper

devolve

(v): 1-pass on or delegate to another The company was full of managers known for devolving tasks to lower management, but never doing much work themselves. Rights to the land devolve to one's heirs upon death. (v): 2-to change something large into several smaller parts of a similar type: (devolve sth into sth) A key proposal would devolve the central investigative unit into six regional bodies.

evict

(v): to force someone to leave somewhere: He was evicted from the bar for drunken and disorderly behaviour. (n) eviction After falling behind with his mortgage payments he now faces eviction from his home. In this economically depressed area, evictions are common.

afflict

(v)If a problem or illness afflicts a person or thing, they suffer from it: It is an illness that afflicts women more than men. a country afflicted by civil war

attest

(v)To certify as accurate, genuine, or true, to corroborate

deduce

(v)To draw a conclusion from fact; to infer

derive

(v)To take or receive from a source The institute derives all its money from foreign investments.

allot

(v)to give something, especially a share of something available, for a particular purpose: They allotted everyone a separate desk. They allotted a separate desk to everyone. Three hours have been allotted to/for this task. The museum is planning to increase the amount of space allotted to modern art. (adj)Did you finish your paper in the allotted time?

buttress

(v)to give support to or strengthen something: He looked for things that would buttress the prosecution case and win a conviction.

depart

(v)to go away from a place, esp. on a trip: The last flight to Cleveland departs at 8 p.m. Could you tell me what time the flight to Australia departs? He shook hands and then departed. (n)Our departure was delayed because of bad weather. departure time

suffuse

(v)to gradually spread through or over; permeate Morning light suffused the room. she was suffused with an overwhelming feeling of liberation as her horse broke into a gallop.

to creep in/into sth

(v)to gradually start to be noticeable: Doubts began to creep into my mind about the likely success of the project. A few mistakes always creep in during the editing process

thrive(throve,thriven)

(v)to grow, develop, or be successful: His business thrived in the years before the war. She seems to thrive on stress. I've learned that I thrive with this kind of schedule.

wield

(v)to handle (for example a tool); to exert (for example power) She was confronted by a man wielding a knife. she's a hundred years old, walks where she needs to go, and can wield a machete. He still wields enormous influence in politics.

arise, arose, arisen

(v)to happen: If any complications arise, let me know and I'll help. Should the opportunity arise, I'd love to go to China.

quarrel

(v)to have an angry disagreement with someone, dispute, argue: What did you quarrel about/over? She quarreled with everyone in the neighborhood.

batter

(v)to hit and behave violently toward a person, repeatedly over a long period of time He was battered to death with a rifle butt. (n)a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk, used to make pancakes or to cover food before frying it: fish in batter

ram

(v)to hit or push something with force: He rammed the sweets into his mouth. It's time someone rammed a bit of sense into you.

grapple

(v)to hold someone while fighting with him or her,(figuratively:to fight) He briefly grappled with the police officer. Bad news is something it becomes necessary to grapple with (= deal with). The children grappled for the ball.

mesmerize

(v)to hypnotize,to have someone's attention completely so that they cannot think of anything else: I was completely mesmerized by the performance.

condone

(v)to ignore or accept behavior that some people consider wrong, to pardon or disregard I don't condone such rude behavior.

vitiate

(v)to impair the quality of sth development programs have been vitiated by the rise in population

subsume

(v)to include something or someone as part of a larger group: Soldiers from many different countries have been subsumed into the United Nations peace-keeping force. All the statistics have been subsumed under the general heading "Facts and Figures."

heighten

(v)to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect: The strong police presence only heightened the tension among the crowd. As the excitement heightened, the audience began stomping their feet. The high winds heightened concerns about forest fires. heightened(adj): more intense than normal. "the heightened color of her face"

inculcate

(v)to instill (an attitude, idea, or habit) by persistent instruction: the failures of the churches to inculcate a sense of moral responsibility.

impersonate

(v)to intentionally copy another person's speech, appearance, or behavior: to impersonate a movie star impersonation(n) He does a fantastic impersonation of Charles.

fabricate

(v)to invent or produce something in order to deceive: She fabricated charges that her boss was stealing money. (n)That story is a complete fabrication.

decimate

(v)to kill or destroy a large part of Populations of endangered animals have been decimated.

confine

(v)to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way: Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! Please confine your use of the phone to business calls. By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas). to keep someone closed in a place, often by force: The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world. She spent most of those years under house arrest or close confinement (n).

hinder

(v)to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something: A poor diet can hinder mental and physical growth. I don't know if these changes are going to help or hinder the team. Lack of sleep hinders athletic performance. Bad weather hindered the mountain ascent.(=climb , #descent)

populate

(v)to live in an area or place: The settlers began to move inland and populate the river valleys. The river is populated mainly by smaller species of fish.

sift

(v)to make a close examination of all the parts of something in order to find something or to separate what is useful from what is not: The police are sifting the evidence very carefully to try and find the guilty person. After my father's death, I had to sift through all his papers.

encumber

(v)to make it difficult for someone to do something: Women tennis players are not encumbered with/by long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses. cumbersome(Adj)= difficult to do or manage and taking a lot of time and effort, not effective: cumbersome equipment

impart

(v)to make known, to communicate information to someone: to impart the bad news If the movie has any lesson to impart, it's that parents shouldn't aim for perfection.

conspire

(v)to plan secretly with other people to do something bad, illegal, or against someone's wishes: He felt that his colleagues were conspiring together to remove him from his job. Moore conspired with Graham to rob the bank. conspiracy(n): The three men are accused of conspiracy. She has been charged with conspiracy to murder. I think there was a conspiracy to keep me off the committee.

extol

(v)to praise something or someone very much: His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies. She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.

repress

(v)to prevent feelings, desires, or ideas from being expressed: In the end, it was impossible to repress her emotions. repressed (adj)memories The report dealt with the repression(n) of civil liberties during the period. The military regime was repressive(adj) and corrupt.

resonate

(v)to produce or be filled with clear, continuing sound: The noise of the bell resonated through the building. His voice resonated in the empty church.

tout

(v)to publicly praise or promote something, especially as a way of encouraging people to buy it: He appears in ads touting the benefits of leasing corporate jets. Several insurance companies tout their services on local radio.

propel

(v)to push or drive forward: It will also propel the spacecraft into deep space. That approach seems most likely to propel smart home products in the near future.

instill

(v)to put a feeling, idea, or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way that person thinks or behaves: It is part of a teacher's job to instill confidence in/into his or her students. my parents and teachers instilled conscientious values in me.

reinstate

(v)to put someone back in a job or position previously held, or to put a law or rule back into effect: The High Court reinstated declarations, made by the primary judge.

disown

(v)to refuse to accept as one's own: It's a story set in the last century about a girl whose parents disowned her when she married a foreigner.

defy

(v)to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.: It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers. defiant(adj) defiantly(adv) :a defiant attitude/gesture

unleash

(v)to release a thing or an emotion When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleash their dogs. He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash his feelings.

dislodge

(v)to remove 'something' or 'someone', especially by force, from a fixed position: The earthquake dislodged stones from the walls and the roof. The Red Sox need two wins to dislodge the Yankees from first place.

redact

(v)to remove words or information from a text before it is printed or made available to the public: Some parts of secret files are available to the public, but heavily redacted. (n)redaction

redact

(v)to remove words or information, or a part of picture, from a text, or a video, before it is printed or made available to the public: Officers' names are routinely redacted from any publicly released reports.

withstand (withstood, withstood)

(v)to resist, endure, or bear Second, the people who cannot withstand the killing of animals. a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes Coaches have to be tough to withstand the constant pressure to win.

recite

(v)to say a piece of writing aloud from memory: He was nervous about reciting in front of the class. (n)recitation: a recitation of the ...

designate

(v)to say officially that a place or thing or a person has a particular character or purpose or job: This area of the park has been specially designated for children. Traditionally, the president designates his or her successor. Thompson has been designated (as/to be) team captain. (adj)the Secretary General designate(selected but has not yet started doing it) (compare to elect) (adj)designated (e.g. designated place for ...)

vilify

(v)to say or write unpleasant things about someone or something, in order to cause other people to have a bad opinion of them: He was vilified by the press as a monster.

allege

(v)to say that someone has done something illegal or wrong without giving proof: The two men allege (that) the police forced them to make false confessions. She is alleged to have been at the center of an international drug ring. School districts are alleging the state has not continued to finance schools adequately. (adj): the alleged crime/incident/wrongdoing (adv): The company is being investigated for allegedly falsifying sales records.

diverge

(v)to separate; go in different directions from the same point Although the two organizations have worked together for many years, their objectives have diverged recently. #converge (adj)divergent: widely divergent opinions on ...

nestle

(v)to settle down comfortably, as if in a nest: Bregenz is a pretty Austrian town that nestles between the Alps and Lake Constance.

flaunt

(v)to show off, boast

pontificate

(v)to speak in a pretentiously dignified or dogmatic way, give your opinion about something as if you knew everything about it and as if only your opinion was correct

expedite

(v)to speed up a process expedited shipping

cling

(v)to stick onto or hold something or someone tightly We got so wet that our clothes clung to us. They clung together in terror(extreme fear) as the screams grew louder. (past and pp)= clung, clung

churn

(v)to stir up very hard: The ocean was churned up by heavy winds. 2-fig: If your stomach is churning, you feel sick, usually because you are nervous: I had my driving test that morning and my stomach was churning.

digress

(v)to stray from the main subject, to go off on a tangent

bid

(v,n)1-to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people 2-an offer to do something when you are competing with other people to do it:(similar to the first one) Sydney made a successful bid to host the Olympic Games. 3- (n)an attempt to achieve or get something: Her bid for re-election was unsuccessful.

graze

(v,n)1to touch and rub against something while passing it, causing slight damage: The bullet only grazed his leg. Her legs were covered with cuts and grazes. 2-(v)(of animals) to eat grass, or to cause animals to feed on grass: Cows grazed in the field. The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months.

cap

(v,n)an upper limit on the amount of money that can be spent or charged in connection with a particular activity:impose/remove/place a cap Annual expenses on each fund will be capped at 1.25%.

muddle

(v,n)bring into a disordered or confusing state, to mess sth up "I fear he may have muddled the message" The documents were in a muddle.

blaze

(v,n)to burn brightly and strongly: The fires blazed for days. Three fire companies fought the blaze. Firefighters took two hours to control the blaze. They worked all day in the blazing (adj) sun.

plow

(v,n)to dig land with a plow: Farmers start plowing in the spring. We're going to plow the top field next week. Large areas of grazing land have been plowed up to grow wheat.

buffer

(v,n)to provide protection against difficult situations, problems, angry people, etc.: Interest-rate concerns were buffered by some better-than-expected earnings reports. I bought a house as a buffer against inflation.

shrug

(v,n)to raise your shoulders and then lower them in order to say you do not know or are not interested: "Where's Dad?" "How should I know?" replied my brother, shrugging. He shrugged his shoulders as if to say that there was nothing he could do about it. 'I'm afraid there's nothing I can do about your problem," she said with a shrug. "Well, I guess we'll just have to do what he says," said Kim with a shrug of resignation.(Unresisting acceptance of something as inescapable)

taint

(v,n)to spoil something or give it an unpleasant quality: His reputation was permanently tainted by the financial scandal. The inquiry cleared him of any taint of suspicion/dishonesty.

purport

(v.) - to present an intention that is often FALSE They purport to represent the wishes of the majority of parents at the school.

evince

(v.) to display clearly, to make evident or obvious They have never evinced any readiness or ability to negotiate. In all the years I knew her, she never evinced any desire to do such a thing.

forgo

(v.) to do without, abstain from, give up, forfeit I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week. compare with waive

clutter

(v.) to fill or cover in a disorderly way, #clear The kids always clutter the hall with stuff. // Every shelf is cluttered with ornaments. (figurative) I try not to clutter my mind with useless information. (n.) a state of disorder, mess Sorry about the clutter in the kitchen.

cede

(v.) to give up, surrender; to hand over to another

detest

(v.) to hate, dislike very much, loathe I detest any kind of cruelty. [ + -ing verb ] I detest having to get up when it's dark outside.

negate

(v.) to nullify, deny, to cancel the effect of

commemorate

(v.) to preserve, honor, or celebrate the memory of: A statue has been built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the poet's birthday.

hoard

(v.) to store up, save(more than you need now, often because you think you will not be able to get it later); (n.) a hidden store or supply We found a huge hoard of canned food in the basement.

overhaul

(v./n.): to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should, or the act of examining and fixing Congressional leaders are considering overhauling the Clean Air Act. I took my motorcycle in for an overhaul.

pawn

(v.n)deposit (an object) with a pawnbroker as security for money lent. (or an object left as security for money lent) I pawned the necklace to cover the loan The bank did lend money upon pawns at low interest

tilt

(v.n)to (cause to) move into a sloping position: He tilted his chair backward and put his feet up on his desk. She wore her hat at a tilt. (figurative) There has been a tilt to/toward/away from the Democrats among some groups of young people.

display

(verb and noun both with same meaning): to show something or a collection of things in an organized way for people to see: The museum displays the tools and clothes of native Indians. to let something become known by what you say or do, or how you look: He doesn't display much emotion. Paintings and carvings of birds and animals will be on display in the main ballroom of the hotel. It was an impressive display of unity and goodwill among South Africa's diverse legislators

neigh

(verb) to make a long, loud high-pitched sound like that of a horse. When he laughs he sounds like a horse neighing.

tampering

the illegal act of touching or making changes to something when you should not They were charged with tampering with evidence.

foil

1(n)someone ( something) who (which) acts as a contrast to another thing The first Chief Justice in NSW acted as a foil to governor Darling. 2(n)I know the meaning 3(v) thwart: An attempted coup against the country's military ruler was foiled yesterday.

excise

1(n)tax that is paid to a national or state government on some types of goods such as alcohol, cigarettes, or petrol: excise on sth: Pennsylvania is one of just three states that does not collect an excise on cigars. The burden of tax borne by smokers is greater than that on any other excise goods. 2-(v)to remove by cutting

prompt

1(V)to make something happen: The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Recent worries over the president's health have prompted speculation over his political future. What prompted you to say that? I don't know what prompted him to leave. 2-(adj)done quickly and without delay: They've written back already - that was a very prompt reply.

joint

1(adj)-belonging to or shared between two or more people: a joint bank account 2-(n)a place where two things are fastened together, like your body where two bones are connected: an elbow/hip/knee joint(or put my shoulder, arm, .... out of joint) 3-(inf)a bar or restaurant that serves food and drink at low prices: a hamburger joint

exact

1(adj): exactly(adv) 2(v): to demand and get something, sometimes using force or threats: to exact revenge on someone The blackmailers exacted a total of $100,000 from their victims.

extinguish

1(law)to take something away, for example a right to do something: A deed restriction extinguishes the right to use or develop a property for certain things. 2-to stop a fire or light from burning

herd

1(n) =flock(usually use for sheep, goats, or birds) a large group of animals of the same type that feed, travel, or are kept together: a herd of elephants 2(v) to make animals move together as a group: The shepherd was herding the flock of cattle.

institute

1(n): an organization where people do a particular type of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2(v)to start or introduce a system, rule, legal action, etc.: They promised to institute new guidelines in the wake of the scandal. (#abolish)

gossip

1(n): conversation or reports about other people's private lives that might be unkind, disapproving, or not true: Her letter was full of gossip. I don't like all this idle gossip. I've got some juicy gossip for you. Have you heard the (latest) gossip? 2(n): someone who enjoys talking about other people and their private lives: She's a terrible gossip. 3(v): to talk about other people's private lives: Stop gossiping and do your work. People have started to gossip about us.

void

1(n)a large hole or empty space(figuratively or literally): They tried to describe their attempts to fill the void left by their son's death. Before Einstein, space was regarded as a formless void. 2(adj)having no legal authority and therefore unacceptable: The lawyers declared the contract (null and) void.

warehouse

1(n,v)a large building used for storing goods, or to store something in a warehouse 2(n,v)a large prison, hospital, etc. in which people are kept but given little help with their problems, or to put people in such places: The mental asylum in Romania was a warehouse for the mentally insane. The notion that they would warehouse their seniors is a vile thought here.

stride

1(n,v)to walk with long steps, or long steps 2(n)an important positive development: The West made impressive strides in improving energy efficiency after the huge rises in oil prices during the 70s.

sworn

1(v) past participle of swear 2(adj)formally and officially stated as being true: a sworn testimony/statement/evidence bonus:Sworn enemies are people who are completely opposed to each other.

barricade

1(v) to block off with an object or barrier, 2(n) or that object: Inmates erected a barricade between themselves and the prison guards.

resolve

1(v):to solve or end a problem or difficulty: Have you resolved the problem of transportation yet? The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. 2(v,n,adj,formal)decide: to make a decision formally or with determination: She resolved that she would never speak to him again. The company resolved to take no further action against the thieves. to weaken/strengthen/test someone's resolve(n) (adj)He was resolved to ask her to marry him the next day.

pry

1(v)As a reporter, I was paid to pry into other people's lives. I hope you don't think I'm prying, but has your boyfriend ever lived with anyone before? 2(v)use force in order to move or open (something) or to separate (something) from something else. They reached the window and pried it open together. he pried the oyster open.

fare

1(v)to get along STEM majors (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) fare better in the labor market. 2(n)the money that you pay for traveling on a vehicle such as a bus or train: We shared a taxi and split the fare.

conduct

1(v)to organize and perform a particular activity: We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York. How you choose to conduct 'your private life'/'yourself' is your own business! 2(n)behavior: bad/excellent/disgraceful conduct The club has a strict code (= set of rules) of conduct.

tuck

1(v)to push the ends clothing or material tightly into place: He tucked the sheet under the mattress. Richard needs to tuck in his shirt. 2-If you tuck part of your body, you hold it in a particular position: She sat with her legs tucked under her. 3-to put something into a safe or convenient place: She tucked her doll under her arm. I found the pictures tucked away in a box A group of tiny brick houses is tucked away behind the factory.(to be in a place that is hidden)

strip

1(v)to remove all coverings from sth 2(v)strip sb of sth :to take something important, such as a title, away from someone as a punishment: He was stripped of his knighthood after he was convicted of stealing from the company. 3(n)a long, flat, narrow piece 4(n) similar to striptease (do a strip)

plot

1(v,n): a secret plan to do something that is wrong, harmful, or illegal: The police discovered a plot to rob the bank. I can't believe that he's plotting against his own father. 2(n):a small piece of land that has been marked or measured for a particular purpose: There are several plots of land for sale. 3(v)mark or draw lines showing a route on a piece of paper or a map, or to put numbers on a piece of paper to show how amounts are related: We measured and plotted the amounts of chemicals that were released in the countryside. 4(n)the story of a book, movie, play, etc.: The plots of his books are basically all the same.

intimate

1- (adj)having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship: intimate relationships The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere. 2- (of knowledge or understanding) detailed, and obtained from a lot of studying or experience: She has an intimate knowledge of Tuscany, where she has lived for 20 years. 3-(v) to make clear what you think or want without saying it directly: [ + (that) ] She has intimated that she will resign if she loses the vote.

pivot

1- (v) I know 2- (n)a fixed point supporting something that turns or balances 3-*the central or most important person or thing in a situation: = pivotal(adj) She played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement.

extract

1- (v) to remove or take out: The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking. 2- (n) summary

annex

1- (v)to add, append, attach, join the first ten amendments were annexed to the constitution in 1791 2- take over, take possession of Charlemagne annexed northern Italy, Saxony, and Bavaria

realization

1- I know 2-the process of selling assets, investments, etc. for cash

gravity

1- I know :D 2-seriousness, severity: I don't think you understand the gravity of the situation.

decline

1- I know! (decrease) 2- refuse

break out

1- If something dangerous or unpleasant breaks out, it suddenly starts: War broke out in 1914. Fighting has broken out all over the city. 2-(break out in) to suddenly have red marks or sweat appear on your skin: She broke out in a rash after eating some strawberries. It didn't take much exercise to make him break out in (a) sweat. When I heard the noise I broke out in a cold sweat. 3-to escape from prison: They broke out of prison and fled the country.

discriminate

1- TREAT DIFFERENTLY In order to increase the number of female representatives, the selection committee decided to discriminate in favor of women for three years. Under the law, the state must administer its programs in ways that do not discriminate against anyone based on race. It is illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or age 2- SEE A DIFFERENCE We need to discriminate between stopgap methods and long-term solutions.

stall

1-(n) I know 2-(v) to delay or put off action: They're just stalling, trying to avoid making a decision. I can stall him for a few minutes. 2(v)STOP WORKING My car stalled at the traffic light.

establishment

1- a business or other organization, or the place where an organization operates: an educational/financial/religious establishment 2- the people who have most of the power within government or society or in a particular business or activity: the establishment 3- the process of starting or creating something, for example, an organization: ( U ) Since its establishment in 1945, ... The establishment of new areas of employment is a priority.

resort

1- a place where people go to relax and have fun: a tourist/vacation/seaside/beach/ski resort 2-(v,n) turn to and adopt (a course of action, especially an extreme or undesirable one) so as to resolve a difficult situation: the duke was prepared to resort to force if negotiation failed He got hold of the money legally, without resort to violence.

rally

1- a public meeting of a large group of people, especially supporters of a particular opinion: 5,000 people held an anti-nuclear rally. an election/campaign rally 2- a car race or a continuous exchange of hits between players in tennis, squash or badminton

senate

1- the group of politicians who have the most power to make laws in a government: The US Senate has 100 members. 2-the group of people who control a college or university

outlook

1- the likely future situation: The economic outlook is good. The outlook for today is cloudy and dry at first with showers later. 2- a person's general attitude or way of thinking about something: He has a positive outlook on life.

admit

1- to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly: He admitted his guilt/mistake. [ + (that) ] She admitted (that) she had made a mistake. [ + -ing verb ] She admitted making a mistake. 2-to allow someone to enter a place: She was admitted to the hospital suffering from shock. Each ticket admits one member and one guest.

sever

1- to break or separate, especially by cutting: The knife severed an artery and he bled to death. Her foot was severed from her leg in a car accident. Electricity cables have been severed by the storm. 2- to end a connection with someone or something: The US severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961. The company has severed its connection/links/relationship/ties with its previous partners.

stir up

1- to mix 2-to cause an unpleasant emotion or problem to begin or grow: The teacher told him to stop stirring up trouble. The photographs stirred up some painful memories.

funnel

1- to move or be moved through a narrow space, or to put something in a place or use something for a particular purpose ( or the device of that!): After you grind the coffee, use a funnel to pour it into the jar / The crowd funneled into the theater. 2- like a chimney but for a ship or steam train = smokestack

rivet

1- v: If something rivets someone, it attracts and keeps someone's attention: Her performance riveted the audience. 2- n: a metal pin used to fasten together flat pieces of metal riveter is a person who does this.

cape

1-( geography) a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea 2-( batman :D ) a type of loose coat without sleeves that is fastened at the neck and hangs from the shoulders

tender

1-(adj) gentle, loving, or kind: a tender look/smile 2-(adj)painful, sore, or uncomfortable when touched: My arm was very tender after the injection. 3-(adj) easy to cut or chew My steak was beautifully tender. 4-(v)(formal)to give or offer something: You will have no option but to tender your resignation. He tendered a delivery note for signature. She tendered a plea of no contest.

shady

1-(adj) having shade: It's nice and shady in front of the house. 2-dishonest or illegal: They'd been involved in shady real estate deals.

noble

1-(adj): moral in an honest, brave, and kind way: a noble gesture 2-belonging to a high social rank in a society, especially by birth: a noble family nobality(n)

volatile

1-(adj)likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, or suddenly violent or angry: The stock market was highly volatile in the early part of the year. 2-If a substance, esp. a liquid, is volatile, it will change easily into a gas: volatile chemicals

apt

1-(adj)suitable or right for a particular situation: an apt comment/description 2-(adj)having a natural ability or skill: We have some particularly apt students in the class this year. 3-(adj)to be likely to do something or to often do something: The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.

insure

1-(for this meaning also ensure) to make something certain, or to be certain about something: Because of the importance of the game, we wanted to insure (that) it would be televised. We had reporters check to insure the accuracy of the story. 2-to provide insurance for someone or something: The house is insured for two million dollars. All our household goods are insured against accidental damage. They refused to insure us because they said we're too old. insurer= a person or company that insures someone or something

demur

1-(formal)to express disagreement or refusal to do something: Jack urged me to go, but I demurred. file a demurrer (LAW)a response in a court proceeding in which the defendant does not dispute the truth of the allegation but claims it is not sufficient grounds to justify legal action

pledge

1-(law, n and v)something given to guarantee fulfillment of a promise 2-to make a formal promise to do something: EU leaders pledged $1.2 billion to the region over the next 18 months. All the candidates have given/made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.

binder

1-(law,n) a short document showing an agreement between a buyer and a seller, used for a short period while the complete document is being prepared: a binder agreement 2-a hard cover in which paper documents can be stored Your report will look more professional if it is presented in an attractive binder.

common denominator

1-(math)12 is a common denominator of 1/3 and 1/4. 2-something that is the same for all the members of a group and might bring them together: The common denominator was that we had all worked for the same company.

pound

1-(n) 2 meanings (I know) 2-(v)to hit or beat repeatedly with a lot of force I could feel my heart pounding as I went on stage to collect the prize. He pounded on the door demanding to be let in.

composition

1-(n): something that a person has created or written, esp. a text, a work of art, or a piece of music, or the act of creating or writing something: [ C ] a composition for piano and flute [ C ] In school we had to write a composition (= short piece of writing) on our favorite TV programs. 2-the mixture of things or people that are combined to form something: (arrangement of elements) the composition of the atmosphere The composition of the city's population has changed dramatically in the past 20 years.

determination

1-(n): the ability to continue trying to do something, although it is very difficult: I admired his drive and determination - he never gave up. determination to do sth: She had great determination to succeed. 2-the process of controlling, influencing, or deciding something: The determination of policy is not your business - your job is to implement it. e.g: self-determination the ability or power to make decisions for yourself, especially the power of a nation to decide how it will be governed.

disposition

1-(n)A person's general or natural mood; tendency 2-the final determination of a matter (as a case or motion) by a court 3-transfer to the care, possession, or ownership of another

backdrop

1-(n)Painted cloth or set wall built to serve as a background for the setting on stage. 2-(v) provide a background or setting for. You witnessed amazing creatures backdropped by even more amazing vistas.

reversal

1-(n)a change in something so that it becomes the opposite of what it was before: What led to the reversal of the policy? We are hoping for a reversal in the downward trend of sales. 2-a problem or failure that makes it more difficult for a person or organization to be successful: The resignation of the CEO represents a significant reversal for the company.

rack

1-(n)a frame or shelf, often formed of bars, that is used to hold things: a plate rack 2- I know (a triangle used to arrange the balls at the start of a game of billiards, pool) 3-(v)to cause physical or mental pain, or trouble, to someone or something: He was racked by/with doubts/guilt. nerve-racking(adj)

hedge

1-(n)a line of bushes or small trees planted very close together: a privet hedge 2-(n)a means of protection, control, or limitation: She invested in foreign companies as a hedge against inflation. 3-(v) to limit something severely: Congressmen were warned against hedging their support for the missile program. We've got permission, but it's hedged about/around with strict conditions. 4-(v)To hedge is also to try to avoid giving an answer or taking any action: Officials continued to hedge on exactly when the program would begin. Stop hedging and tell me what you really think.

agenda

1-(n)a list of aims or possible future achievements: Women's rights have been put back on the agenda (= are being discussed publicly again). The subject of safety needs to be placed high on/at the top of the agenda 2-a secret aim or reason for doing something: She felt that some of the group had an agenda. There's no hidden agenda - I'm just trying to help.

stature

1-(n)a person's natural height: a man of short stature / she was small in stature. 2-importance or reputation gained by ability or achievement: an architect of international stature.

allowance

1-(n)money that someone is given regularly by their employer or by the government to pay for a particular thing: Some companies will even give their telecommuting executives an allowance to buy office furniture for their home. 2-an amount of something that someone is allowed to have, use, produce, etc.: luggage/baggage/ emission allowance

ward

1-(n)one of the parts or large rooms into which a hospital is divided, usually with beds for patients: a geriatric(old people)/maternity/psychiatric ward 2-(law)a person, especially a child, who is legally put under the protection of a law court or a guardian: The girl was made a ward of the state to stop her father taking her out of the country.

stream

1-(n)small river (a mountain stream) 2-(n,v)a continuous flow of things or people: blood/income stream There has been a steady stream of phone calls from worried customers. One woman was carried from the scene of the accident with blood streaming(v) from her head.

tenure

1-(n)the period of time during which someone is in an important job or position or the right to remain permanently in a job: Seven years ago, I began my official tenure as lab director. He took a semester off from UA, where he has tenure. 2-the legal right to use a piece of land or a property: They were not granted tenure to the land.

yarn

1-(n)thread used for making cloth or for knitting 2-(n)a story, usually a long one with a lot of excitement or interest: a boys' adventure yarn

smear

1-(n,v)a dirty mark on a surface made by something soft or wet: He had a smear of paint on his shirt.(n) The children had smeared peanut butter all over the couch.(v) Can you explain why the front of your car is smeared with blood?(v) 2-(n,v)an accusation made publicly with the intention of harming a person's reputation: Throughout the election he had to contend with(deal with) smears about his personal life.(n) She was upset by the smear tactics used by her opponents.(n) He was smeared in the newspapers.(v)

dispatch

1-(n,v)to send someone or something to a place for a particular purpose, or the act of sending someone or something somewhere: Within seconds the university police can identify the exact origin of the alarm and dispatch officers to investigate. [ U ] In her latest dispatch, our correspondent reports on new negotiations. [ C ] a military dispatch *If something is done 'with dispatch', it is done quickly.

fray

1-(v) unravel, forming loose threads at the edge or end: Denim frays so easily. 2-If your temper frays or your nerves fray, you gradually become upset or annoyed: Tempers frayed as thousands of drivers began the Christmas holiday with long waits in traffic jams. frayed(adj) can be used for either meaning.

constitute

1-(v)to be or be considered as: The president said that these policies constitute a threat to the United States. 2-(v)to form or make something: Women constitute about ten percent of Congress. The under-18s constitute almost 25 percent of the town's population.

register

1-(v)to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record: I registered the car in my name. Within two weeks of arrival all foreigners had to register with the local police. Students have to register for the new course by the end of April. 2-(n)a book or record containing a list of names: Guests write their names in the (hotel) register. Is your name on the register of voters? 3-(n)the style of language, grammar, and words used for particular situations: People chatting at a party will usually be talking in (an) informal register. a more colloquial register than you get in a textbook.

blossom

1-(v,n)(of a tree or plant) to produce flowers that develop into fruit, or those flowers: The cherry tree is beginning to blossom. / The tree was covered with white blossoms. 2- fig. She has really blossomed recently (= become more confident and successful). (we use it in Persian too)

crunch

1-(v,n):the sound of hard food being crushed between the teeth, or like something being crushed or broken: (n)The woods were silent apart from the crunch of our feet in the snow. She was crunching noisily on an apple. 2-to calculate numbers or process information: The project seems worthwhile, but you have to crunch the numbers to see if it's affordable. 3-an exercise for abdominal muscles.

Initiative

1-ABILITY TO TAKE ACTION Lisa showed initiative on the job and was soon promoted. 2-new attempt to achieve a goal or solve a problem, or a new method for doing this The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.

simmer

1-To cook gently in a liquid just at or below the boiling point 2-If a disagreement or negative emotion simmers, it grows slowly stronger over a period of time and could become more serious at any moment: The strike has been simmering for weeks. She's been simmering with resentment ever since the meeting.

invasion

1-an attack by an armed force to conquer another country 2-an occasion when a large number of people or things come to a place in an annoying and unwanted way: the annual invasion of foreign tourists an action or process that affects someone's life in an unpleasant and unwanted way: an invasion of privacy

call sb out

1-ask a person or organization that provides a service to come and deal with sth for you: We had to call out a doctor. The government called the army out to deal with violent disorder on the streets. 2-to criticize someone or ask them to explain their actions: Always try to call yourself out on your problems before criticizing other people. If he did anything wrong, I'd be the first to call him out on it.

proper

1-before noun: suitable, correct 2-after noun:belonging to the main, most important, or typical part: They live in the suburbs, not in Boston proper.

Vanity

1-excessive pride in or admiration of one's own appearance or achievements He wants the job purely for reasons of vanity and ambition. 2-the quality of being worthless the pomps and vanities of this world

expropriation

1-if a government expropriates property, it takes it for public use, sometimes without payment to the owner Political risk is the risk that an investment abroad may be expropriated(v) by the overseas government. Residents are protesting the expropriation(n) of their lands 2-to illegally take property or money that belongs to someone else

correspondence(n)

1-letters, especially official or business letters: Any further correspondence should be sent to my new address. 2-a connection between two things: The survey found no correspondence between crime and unemployment rates.

hand over

1-pass responsibility to someone else: to hand over control/power/responsibility 2-to give something to someone: hand over money/documents

found

1-past simple and past participle of find 2*= to start a new business, organization, etc.: The airline was founded 25 years ago 3*= to base a belief, claim, idea, etc. on something: I'd like to see the research that these recommendations are founded on.

go into

1-take up in study or as an occupation. he went into bankruptcy law So after that I went into Arabic. I did a month long Arabic program 2-to discuss, examine, describe, or explain something in a detailed or careful way: This is the first book to go into her personal life as well as her work. I'd rather not go into that now. Can we discuss it later? I'm unable to go into detail(s) at this stage because I still have very little information about how the accident happened.

resignation

1-the act of telling your employer that you are leaving your job: There have been calls for his resignation. I handed in/gave in/sent in my resignation this morning. 2-the acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable They received the news with resignation. "Well, I guess we'll just have to do what he says," said Kim with a shrug of resignation. (=We don't have any other choice)

turnaround

1-the amount of time that it takes for a piece of work to be done, a product to be supplied, etc.: Management examined ways to speed up turnaround. 2-a big change that turns a bad situation into a good one: The greatest turnaround in market conditions has been seen in the South East.

apparatus

1-the technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose 2-a system or organization

accession

1-the time when a country officially joins a group of countries or signs an agreement: Poland's accession to the EU 2-the time when someone starts a position of authority, especially a king or queen: 1926 was the year of Emperor Hirohito's accession to the throne.

stifle

1-to (cause to) be unable to breathe because you have no air: He is said to have stifled his victim with a pillow. We almost stifled in the heat of the city. 2-to suppress an emotion

enlist

1-to ask for and get help or support from someone: We enlisted some people to help prepare the food. 2-to join (an organization, esp. the armed forces): If I go back to my home country, I have to enlist in the obligatory military service.

intersect

1-to cross one another: The roads intersect near the bridge. 2-to divide an area into smaller parts by crossing it with straight lines: The gardens are intersected by the line. (n)intersection= junction

chalk up something

1-to have a success or failure: The team chalked up its first regular-season victory chalk up profits/gains/sales Last year its retail stores chalked up sales of more than $1 billion. chalk up debts/losses People are still chalking up huge debts on their credit cards. 2-give credit to something I chalked up his failures to inexperience

hunker down

1-to sit with your knees bent in front of you so that your buttocks are almost resting on your heels: We hunkered down near the campfire. 2-to be prepared to stay in a particular place or situation for as long as necessary: The press have hunkered down for the night outside the palace, waiting for news of the royal birth.

confer

1-to talk together and exchange ideas, often with the intention of reaching a decision about something: I need to confer with my lawyer. 2-to give an honor, official title, or ability to someone: The US Constitution confers certain powers on the president.

plank

1-you know(exercise) 2-a plank of wood (FLAT PIECE)) *3-an important principle on which sth are based: The High Court held that, having rejected the essential planks of the trial judge's reasoning.

acute

1. (adj.) sharp, severe (Arnold could not walk because the pain in his foot was so acute.) 2. (adj.) ACCURATE/CLEVER: an acute sense of smell 3. (noun.) a sign that is written above a letter in some languages, showing you how to pronounce the letter: There's an acute accent on the e in "café".

fiddle

1. (informal) to play music on the violin (as fit as a fiddle :0 ) 2. to keep touching or moving something with your hands, especially because you are bored or nervous He stood there fiddling with his keys.

outlet

1. (n)a way of expressing or making good use of strong feelings, ideas, or energy: Writing poetry was his only form of emotional outlet. 2. (business) a store or an organization that sells goods made by a particular company or of a particular type: a fast-food outlet 3.an organization that broadcasts programs or publishes news: News outlets are sensitive to charges of bias. 4. electrical outlet

harbor

1. (noun) safe place or shelter, particularly for boats 2. (verb) keep or hold in mind: He harbored the suspicion that someone in the agency was spying for the enemy. 3. (verb) give a home to, shelter, or hide someone: They were accused of harboring a fugitive.

turn away

1. (v)Literally, to turn one's body, head, or eyes in a different direction: Don't turn away—look at me! 2. To dismiss, reject, spurn, or refuse someone or something. The store began turning away customers who hadn't already preordered the device.

retract

1. To pull back or in (something) into something larger The pilot retracted the landing gear soon after takeoff. 2. To take back or withdraw (something said or written). She had to retract statements in published articles.

prod

1. to push someone or something with your finger or with a pointed object: She prodded the cake with her fork to see if it was cooked 2. to try to make someone do something, especially when they are unwilling : He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.

ammunition

1.(n)ammo 2.facts that can be used to support an argument: His bad behavior provided plenty of ammunition for his opponents.

vice

1: a moral fault or weakness in someone's character: Greed, pride, envy, and lust are considered to be vices. 2: used as part of a job title when someone has a position directly below the person in charge: She was made a vice-president.

aqueduct

A structure that carries water over long distances

outbreak

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease, prevalence outbreak of plague

semen

A thick fluid containing sperm

giveaway

A thing that is given free, esp. for promotional purposes: You might want to consider other forms of giveaway if your products are unsuitable to offer as samples or gifts. informal word: freebie The journalists were all given a freebie lunch.

tripod

A three-legged stand ( For photographs requiring long exposure times, your camera should be mounted on a tripod.)

whatsoever

At all (used for emphasis)

cannibalism

Cannibalism is the act of consuming another individual of the same species as food

Nevertheless/Nonetheless (adv)

However, even so, despite that I knew a lot about the subject already, but her talk was interesting nevertheless.

unanimous

If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group: The jury returned a unanimous verdict of guilty after a short deliberation. After a lengthy discussion we reached a unanimous decision on the proposal. The new format has unanimous support. (adv)unanimously

materialize

If an idea or hope materializes, it becomes real fulfill/come true She was promised a promotion but it never materialized :(

cut corners

If people try to do something as cheaply or as quickly as possible, often sacrificing quality, they are cutting corners. Don't cut corners on this project—it has to be done thoroughly, no matter the cost.

adhere

Stick (to), such as with glue, or to a plan or belief

advance and retreat

Retreat (verb) - To move back or away (as from something difficult, dangerous, or disagreeable). we retreated to the safety of the cellar at the first sign of the tornado. Advance is an antonym for retreat. the waves retreat / advance

the House of Commons or Lords (the commons) / Senate

Senate: one of the two groups of politicians who make laws in some political systems such as in the U.S., Australia, and France the commons: same meaning but in the U.K. and Canada. The law has no chance of being passed by the Senate. The U.K. doesn't have a senate; it has a House of Lords.

ambit

The range, limit or scope covered by something (such as a law).

infringe

To intrude on an area belonging to another; to trespass, (breach the law)

abstain

To not do something; refrain, desist

broken home

a family in which the parents are divorced or separated

resentment

a feeling of anger because you have been forced to accept something that you do not like: He harbors a deep resentment against his parents for his miserable childhood.

inhibition

a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want: After a couple of drinks he lost his inhibition and started talking and laughing loudly. I want to overcome my inhibitions and raise my self-confidence and self-esteem.

delegation

a group of delegates ( trade delegation ) a person chosen or elected by a group to speak, vote, etc. for them, especially at a meeting: Delegates have voted in favor of the motion.

assembly

a group of people gathered together in one place for a common purpose : Legislative Assembly 2- the process of putting together the parts of a machine or structure(v:assemble)

sewer

a large pipe, usually underground, that is used for carrying waste water and human waste away from buildings to a place where they can be safely gotten rid of: a sewer pipe A complicated system of sewers runs under the city.

ordinance

a law or rule made by a government or authority: City Ordinance 126 forbids the parking of cars in this area.

Aquifer

a layer of rock, sand, or earth that contains water or allows water to pass through it.

procession

a line of people who are all walking or travelling in the same direction, especially in a formal way as part of a religious ceremony or public celebration: a wedding/funeral procession The festival will open with a procession led by the mayor.

Aborigine

a member of the race of people with dark skins who were the first people to live in Australia.

heap

a messy pile or mass of things: a heap of clothes/trash a heap of/heaps of money

drip irrigation

a method of supplying irrigation water through tubes that literally drip water onto the soil at the base of each plant.

Concoction(n)

a mixture of ingredients

faculty

a natural ability to do something faculty of smell a group of departments in a college that specialize in a particular subject or group of subjects: the Psychology/Law Faculty

quotient

a particular degree or amount of something: IQ ( Intelligence quotient )

Guru

a person skilled in something who gives advice: a management guru

foreman

the leader of a work crew, the head man

pin-up

a picture of an attractive, usually famous person, suitable for hanging on a wall, or a person shown in such a picture(like a poster)

takeover

a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares: Huge corporate takeovers were the big financial news this year. They were involved in a takeover last year.

dilemma

a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do: The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis. She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves. a moral/ethical dilemma

boom and bust cycle

a situation in which an economy or business regularly goes through periods of increased activity and success followed by periods of failure: The history of oil is one of boom and bust.

fragment

a small piece or a part, especially when broken from something whole: The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered( broken into very small pieces) window.

pimple

a small raised spot on the skin that is temporary I have a pimple

strand

a string of wire, hair, etc. We weave in one strand at a time

brace

brace(n) : a object for support to support: You will need to brace the walls. brace yourself: to prepare yourself physically or mentally for something unpleasant

litany

a usually lengthy recitation or enumeration, a sizable series or set: a familiar litany of complaints a litany of problems The drug has a litany of possible side effects.

auction

a usually public sale of goods or property, where people make higher and higher bids (= offers of money) for each thing, until the thing is sold to the person who will pay most: a furniture auction

eccentric

adj/n: strange or unusual, sometimes in a humorous way His gregarious ( sociable ) and eccentric personality is the perfect mix for a good television programme.

steadfastly

adv. with firmness; without changing, loyal a steadfast friend/ally The group remained steadfast in its support for... /She was steadfastly in support of ...

higher mathematics

advanced mathematics, such as number theory and topology, as taught at university level.

privilege

an advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because of their position or because they are rich: Healthcare should be a right, not a privilege. an opportunity to do something special or enjoyable: I had the privilege of interviewing Picasso in the 1960s. It was a real privilege to meet her.

seismic(adj) waves

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.

rubber

an elastic, waterproof substance made either from the juice of a tree that grows in hotter parts of the world or artificially: [ U ] rubber boots/gloves [ U ] Tires are made of rubber. Br A rubber is an eraser.

erratum

an error in writing, typo errata(plural)

bruise

an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in color -- related to hickey :D compare to inflammation

gauge(gage)

an instrument for measuring or testing(n); to measure(v)

Scheme

an organized plan for doing something, especially something dishonest or illegal that will bring a good result for you: He has a harebrained(silly)/crazy scheme for getting rich before he's 20.

best-case scenario

being the best that can possibly be expected; optimal

fed up(informal)

bored, annoyed, or disappointed, especially by something that you have experienced for too long: I'm fed up with my job. He got fed up with all the travelling he had to do.

serene

calm, peaceful

surveillance

close watch over a person, group, or area; supervision

baffled

confused

steer

to control the direction of a vehicle: She carefully steered the car around the potholes.

an account of sth

description of an event She gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle.

unrest

disagreements or fighting between groups of people: civil/social/labor unrest

disparate vs desperate

disparate: different in every way: The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. desperate: needing or wanting something very much: They are desperate for help. very great or extreme: desperate poverty I'm in a desperate hurry.

delicate

easily broken or damaged, fragile, needing to be done carefully: Repairing damaged nerves is a very delicate operation/process.

embed(imbed)

embed sth in sth: When you upload a video, you get a code to embed it in your site. A good night's sleep immediately after learning is absolutely required to embed new skills in memory. (nails them down # wash out)

painstaking

extremely careful and correct, and involving a lot of effort: It took months of painstaking research to write the book. He was described by his colleagues as a painstaking journalist.

draconian

extremely harsh and severe

colossal

extremely large,

fume vs. fumes

fume(V): to be very angry, sometimes without expressing it: I saw her a week after they'd had the argument and she was still fuming. fumes(n): strong, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous gas or smoke: exhaust fumes

antagonism; noun

hate, extreme unfriendliness, or active opposition to someone: There's a history of antagonism between the two teams.

irritable

having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed or made angry. Be careful what you say - he's rather irritable today.

symmetry

having the same shape, size, and position on both sides of a dividing line

rectangular

having the shape of a rectangle :D

provided/providing (that)

if, only if (conjunction) We'll be there at about 7.30, provided that there's a suitable train. Provided that there are enough seats, anyone can come on the trip.

capricious(adj)

impulsive and unpredictable

empanel

in a law court, to choose the people who will form the jury for a trial A jury of 13 persons was empanelled.

in cahoots with

in a partnership usually for a dishonest reason A banker and a government minister were in cahoots over a property deal.

frugally

in a thrifty way; economically in a careful way when using money or food: We had very little money, so we ate frugally in cheap cafés. a frugal(adj) lifestyle = an economical lifestyle

recollection

memory

be on the prowl

move around stealthily(adv), trying not to be seen or heard: There was a fox on the prowl earlier.

the (landed) gentry

people of high social class, especially in the past: a member of the landed gentry (= those who own a lot of land)

Consent(n. , v. )

permission to do something

inmate

person confined in an institution, prison, hospital, etc.

Tortfeasor

person who commits a tort

upholsterer

person whose business is covering furniture with fabric

rhinoplasty and ear pinning

plastic surgery of the nose ( nose job )/ the second one is for bale :)

precaution

preventive measure They failed to take the necessary precautions to avoid infection.

forge

produce/build she forged a new career for herself a forge passport ( illegal copy of something )

bring up

raise a child I was brought up by my parents in the capital city of Iran, Tehran.

patellar reflex (knee-jerk response,reaction)

reflex triggered by the knee tap happening or existing as a result of habit, rather than careful consideration: When asked about crime, the mayor's knee-jerk reaction is to call for longer prison sentences.

irrespective of

regardless of

cognitive

related to thinking

trickle-down

relating to the idea that poor people experience positive effects when rich people get richer and spend more money The supposed trickle-down effect of lower taxes for the rich has not yet resulted in greater prosperity for society as a whole.

rugged

rough, (of land) uneven and wild; not easy to travel over

vendor

seller, retailer or supplier

withdrawn

shy and quiet and preferring to be alone rather than with other people: Following her son's death, she became quiet and withdrawn and rarely went out. = introverted

creep up

slowly increase Over the last year, the rate of inflation has crept up to almost seven percent. Such absent-mindedness tend to creep up on us as we age.

detention

the act or condition of being officially forced to stay in a place: [ U ] He claimed that his detention by the authorities was unlawful. Detention is also a punishment in which a student must remain in school for a short time after classes have ended for the day.

culmination

the point at which an event or series of events ends, having developed until it reaches this point: Winning first prize was the culmination of years of practice and hard work. The book was a fitting culmination to his career.

prospect

the possibility that something good might happen in the future: Is there any prospect of the weather improving? There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute. There's every prospect of success.

Consolidation

the process by which memories become stable in the brain ( memory consolidation)

Combustion

the process of burning something (v) to start to burn: The whole ship might spontaneously combust (= start burning without being set on fire).

obscurity

the state of being unknown

concede

to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true: The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster. to admit that you have lost in a competition: He kept on arguing and wouldn't concede defeat. She conceded even before all the votes had been counted. concession(n): make some concession, a concession speech

eschew

to avoid, shun, keep away from

be at the mercy of sb/sth

to be in a situation where someone or something has complete power over you: Poor people are increasingly at the mercy of money-lenders.

preside over

to be in charge of something She has presided over the district during a period of unprecedented growth.

incur

to be made to lose money or have to pay a charge: incur a charge/fine/fee Companies incur additional costs in dealing with non-paying customers. The client will remain liable for any loss incurred by the contractor.

swell

to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount: It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell His chest swelled with pride at being chosen swollen(adj)

squish

to crush something that is soft: Don't sit on that bag - you'll squish the sandwiches. I'm always squished on the train

dissect

to cut apart for the purpose of investigation

wall sth off

to build a wall around a place: The embassy is walled off from the street.

char

to burn and become black or to burn something so that it becomes black: Grill the peppers until the skin starts to char. charred(adj) the charred body was found ...

discolor

to cause a substance or material to change from its original color when you do not want it to: [ T ] Direct sunlight will discolor this fabric.

pose

to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty: Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.

grumble

to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way: She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job.

round up

to find and bring together a group of animals or people: The cowboys rounded the cattle up. I'll just go and round up Andrew and Patrick for the meeting.

cram

to force a lot of things into a small space Eight children were crammed into the back of the car. to do many things in a short period of time: (or you can use it for learning a lot very quickly before an exam) I had to cram three countries into a week's business trip. She's cramming for her history exam.

petrify(v)

to frighten someone a lot, especially so that they are unable to move or speak petrified(adj): She's petrified of being on her own in the house at night.

hustle

to gain by energetic effort The team showed a lot of determination and hustle.

debunk

to prove wrong or false; to invalidate

hold sway(over)

to have power or a very strong influence: Fundamentalist beliefs hold sway over whole districts, ensuring the popularity of religious leaders.

swamp

to have too many of something, or give someone too much to do: Foreign cars have swamped the U.K. market. I'm swamped with work at the moment.

mediate

to help solve a disagreement by talking to the separate people or groups involved, or to communicate information between people: [ T ] to mediate a dispute Negotiators were called in to mediate between the two sides. (n): mediator:a person whose job is to mediate in a disagreement Trained mediators are extremely effective and have reduced bullying dramatically.

grip

to hold something tightly, or stick to something: [ T ] The baby gripped my finger. [ I ] Worn tires don't grip very well on wet roads. If an emotion grips you, you feel it strongly: [ T ] Brady was gripped by fear.

comprise

to include or contain; to be made up of The Pacific Rim comprises countries bordering the Pacific, including the US, Canada, Japan, China, and the Koreas. The ninth district is comprised of (= consists of) 15 cities and towns, including Boston.

incorporate

to include something as part of something larger Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into/in the final design. This aircraft incorporates several new safety features.

augment

to increase the size or value of something: He would have to find work to augment his income. augmentation(n) : breast augmentation

anesthetize

to induce a loss of feeling or sensation with the administration of an anesthetic

intrigue

to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual, or mysterious intriguing(adjective) She has a really intriguing personality.

spring from

to originate from

discern

to perceive or recognize

inherit

to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died: Who will inherit the house when he dies? All her children will inherit equally. 2-to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents: Rosie inherited her red hair from her mother. ''When I took on the job of manager, I inherited certain financial problems.!'' (Rouhani :D) (n); inheritance

scale back/down

to reduce something in size, amount, or production: Sid will have to scale back his plans. i need to scale down my work load in order to have time for my hobbies

allude

to refer to indirectly she had a way of alluding to Jean but never saying her name we will allude briefly to the main points

withhold

to refuse to give something The government is planning to withhold benefit payments from single mothers who refuse to name the father of their child.

subtract

to remove a number from another number: Four subtracted from ten equals six.

denote

to represent or mean something: His angry tone denoted extreme displeasure.

tickle

to touch someone lightly with your fingers, making them slightly uncomfortable and often making them laugh: Stop! You're tickling me! I tickled her feet and she laughed.

hitchhike

to travel to places by getting free rides from drivers of passing cars :D compare to joyriding

Graft sth onto sth

to try to combine one idea, method, etc. with another, especially when the two things are very different: The editors attempted to graft new reporting onto previously published articles. It would be very difficult to graft our company's organizational structure onto a company with a traditional hierarchy.

overcompensate

to try too hard to produce a usual or correct state from one that is not usual, and therefore produce a new difficulty or lack of balance: Chris overcompensates for his lack of height by being a clown.

cling (on) to sth

to try very hard to keep something: He clung on to power for another ten years.

pin down

to understand or describe something exactly

substitute

to use something or someone instead of another thing or person: You can substitute oil for butter in this recipe. Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the game.

hobble

to walk in an awkward way, usually because the feet or legs are injured: The last time I saw Rachel she was hobbling around with a stick. Some of the runners could only manage to hobble over the finish line. the villagers saw a man hobbling on crutches towards the village.

intolerable

too bad or unpleasant to deal with or accept: The situation has become intolerable.

commute

travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis. "he commuted from Corby to Kentish Town" "commuting time"

intrude

trespass; enter as an uninvited person, infringe

prestigious

very much respected and admired, usually because of being important: a prestigious literary award a prestigious university The Harvard presidency is perhaps the most prestigious job in higher education.

prominent

very noticeable, important: She plays a prominent role in the organization. She has a prominent chin/nose.

U-turn