Learn Smart #8

The condition that arises when one over consumes foods and/ or supplements containing beta-carotene is called ____

Carotenemia

Vitamin C can affect free radicals due to its _____ properties.

antioxidant

Vitamin E

antioxidant defense

Most animals, unlike humans, do not need a daily source of vitamin C because they

are able to synthesize the vitamin

Unlike most animals, humans __ are able to synthesize vitamin C

are not

The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is called

hemoglobin

Microwaving, steaming, and stir-frying are all cooking methods that

preserve vitamin content of foods

A disease has metastasized when cancer:

spreads

Which foods are good sources of vitamin E?

sunflower seeds and plant oils

An agent that causes birth defects is called a ____

teratogen

Synthesis of bile, production of hormones, and immune system function are all roles of ___?

vitamin C

Which vitamin strengthens connective tissue by forming numerous cross-connections between the amino acids in collagen

vitamin C

What vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively?

vitamin K

Which dietary habits can result in a reduction of cancer risk?

-drinking adequate fluids -increased intake of fruits and vegetables -eating a variety of nutritious food

populations at an increased risk of a vitamin K deficiency include

-patients on long term antibiotic therapy -patients with cystic fibrosis -newborns infants

Where does the healthy body store vitamin E?

-skeletal muscle -liver -body fat

Signs of scurvy include

-slowed wound healing -broken blood vessels -bleeding gums

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

-strawberries -potatoes -citrus fruits

Choose the true statements about the dietary adequacy of vitamin K

-the AI for vitamin K is 120 mcg/day for men and 90 mcg/day for women -the AI for vitamin K can be easily met -a RDA for vitamin K has not been established

Patients taking blood thinner medications must be cautious about taking supplements containing which vitamin?

E

Vitamin D

bone health

____ is a fibrous protein that gives strength to connective tissue

collagen

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

fruits and vegetables

A vitamin K deficiency will result in

increased blood clotting time

The brown pigment that reduces the skin's ability to produce vitamin D from sunlight is called

melanin

Vitamin K helps bone-building cells produce ____, a protein needed for normal bone mineralization

osteocalcin

Because there is not a lot of Vitamin D in our food, our bodies must get __ exposure in order to make vitamin D

sun

biotin's roles in the body include

-amino acid breakdown -glucose synthesis -fatty acid synthesis

What are some signs of scurvy?

-bruised skin -swollen gums -loose teeth

menaquinone can

-can be found in sauerkraut and cheddar cheese -can be made by intestinal bacteria -be found in natto and miso (fermented soybeans)

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

-fatty acid production -energy metabolism

A vitamin E deficiency can result in

-nerve damage -reduced immune function

All of the following are good sources of vitamin C except:

-orange chicken -broccoli -red peppers -chicken ***

Which foods are good sources of vitamin D?

-salmon -milk -herring

Name the fat-soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

The body is able to make vitamin ___ when skin cells are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radition

D

Vitamin ____ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus and the production and maintenance of healthy bones

D

When blood calcium levels drop, vitamin ___ works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to signal bones to release calcium

D

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

Vitamin C

Why is a vitamin E deficiency rare?

because the healthy body stores the vitamin in body fat, skeletal muscle and the liver

Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?

biotin

Folate

blood formation

When one consumes excess vitamin D, the body absorbs too much of what mineral?

calcium

In order to make phospholipids and acetylcholine, the body needs the vitamin called

choline

Vitamin C is different than the rest of the B vitamins in that it does not function as part of a

coenzyme

As a person gets older, the vitamin D production _____.

decreases

Inside the cell, Vitamin C functions primarily by

donating electrons to other compounds

Which of the following is true about vitamin K?

it is very stable and resists being destroyed by usual cooking methods

smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because

of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage

Which of the following is true about vitamin E?

only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E is used by the body

the adult form of rickets is called

osteomalacia

Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of _____, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency.

rickets

Which disease is characterized by a vitamin D deficiency and leads to soft and misshapen bones in children

rickets

Where does vitamin C absorption occur?

small intestine

Who should increase their intake of vitamins C

smokers