Learning Curve: Test Three

A large pharmaceutical company is going to combine the results of all of its depression research studies. This digest is called a ________.

Meta analysis

____________ is a mental disorder that is most likely to lead to poverty.

Schizophrenia

When people suffer from _____, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last minutes, and physical symptoms include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. a) PTSD b) a panic attack c) generalized anxiety disorder d) OCD

b) a panic attack

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which type of drugs? a) mood-stabilizing b) antipsychotic c) antianxiety d) antidepressant

b) antipsychotic

These therapies have been shown to be effective in treating bed-wetting. a) family b) behavioral conditioning c) cognitive d) psychodynamic

b) behavioral conditioning

According to research on factors that determine the likelihood that two people will become friends, which of the following is more accurate? a) opposites attract b) birds of a feather flock together c) absence makes the heart grow fonder d) Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

b) birds of a feather flock together

Muzafer Sherif's experiment showed that how the two groups of campers perceived each other was influenced by: a) GRIT b) competitive and cooperative activities c) self-fulfilling prophecies d) their intelligence

b) competitive and cooperative activities

The process in which self-restraint is reduced is called: a) group thinking b) deindividuation c) social facilitation d) social loafing

b) deindividuation

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by A. A. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often doesn't wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from: a) anxiety b) depression c) bipolar disorder d) mania

b) depression

A new DSM-5 diagnosis for children who are constantly irritable and have frequent outbursts is called: a) major depressive disorder b) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder c) mania d) bipolar disorder

b) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

bulimia

Chase is experiencing depression. He feels terrible and wants immediate relief. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant. How soon will chase get relief? a) 1 day b) 1 hour c) 4 weeks d) 1 week

c) 4 weeks

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood drawn. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it, as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from: a) PTSD b) panic disorder c) a phobia d) generalized anxiety disorder

c) a phobia

_________ share the common problem of emotion regulation. a) Personality disorders, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder b) psychotic and anxiety disorders c) anxiety, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder d) depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders

c) anxiety, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates: a) client centered therapy b) an operant conditioning technique c) aversive conditioning d) exposure therapy

c) aversive conditioning

Marshall frequently expresses his extreme attitude about gun control legislation. He is very knowledgeable about the topic and has a vested interest in the subject. Marshall is likely to: a) behave privately in a way that is just the opposite of the attitudes he has publicly expressed b) talk a lot about this topic but is not likely to take any concrete action c) behave in accordance with his attitude d) behave only in ways that will gain him social acceptance and approval

c) behave in accordance with his attitude

Like all attitudes, prejudice involves: a) emotions b) beliefs c) both beliefs and emotions d) neither beliefs nor emotions

c) both beliefs and emotions

Chelsea's therapist uses active listening within an empathic environment. Her therapist is most likely using: a) psychodynamic therapy b) biomedical therapy c) client-centered therapy d) psychoanalysis

c) client-centered therapy

Regardless of race of ethnicity, moving about the poverty line improves children's outcomes by: a) decreasing stress b) providing more structured activities c) decreasing deviant and aggressive behavior d) improving attachment to one or both parents

c) decreasing deviant and aggressive behavior

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing: a) catatonia b) flat affect c) hallucinations d) a delusion

c) hallucinations

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____ perspective. a) biological b) psychoanalytical c) learning d) humanistic

c) learning

Research on deep brain stimulation has revealed that the source of depression can be ________ in the brain. a) in several places b) in many areas c) localized d) anywhere

c) localized

For the past four weeks, 20-year-old Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from: a) an anxiety disorder b) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder c) major depressive disorder d) a phobia

c) major depressive disorder

Tasha wants to help a family member who suffers from depression and has not found relief with therapy or medication. Tasha would probably recommend __________ as the safest option, because there are few very dangerous side effects. a) psychosurgery b) ECT c) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation d) drug combinations

c) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Psychoanalysts are especially interested in providing insight into the meaning of clients' ______ anxiety-laden material. a) transference of b) free associating c) resistance to express d) interpretation of

c) resistance to express

Support groups focus on _________ or hard-to-discuss illnesses. a) nonpsychological b) commonly occuring c) stigmatized d) unusual

c) stigmatized

David Lykken's saying, "We could avoid two-thirds of all crime simply by putting all able-bodied young men in cryogenic sleep from the age of 12 through 28" demonstrates the understanding that: a) testosterone level and aggressiveness increase with age b) MAOA gene expression and aggressiveness increase with age c) testosterone level and aggressiveness decrease with age d) MOAO gene expression and aggressiveness decrease with age

c) testosterone level and aggressiveness decrease with age

Bob yells at this therapist, "You are an impatient know-it-all, and you only care about yourself!" Bob is MOST likely experiencing: a) interpretation b) resistance c) transference d) free association

c) transference

_____ is to anxiety as a(n) _____ is to a windy day. a) phobia; overcast day b) bipolar disorder; calm day c) schizophrenia; forest fire d) panic disorder; hurricane

d) panic disorder; hurricane

Antidepressant drugs have a different effect on mild versus severe depression because: a) people with severe depression don't exercise b) people with severe depression don't take medication c) severe depression is a brain disorder d) people with mild depression are likely to spontaneously improve

d) people with mild depression are likely to spontaneously improve

For a person recovering from alcohol use disorder, Alcoholics Anonymous may be beneficial because the group meetings: a) increase motivation b) change though processes c) increase focus d) reduce isolation

d) reduce isolation

One cluster of personality disorders expresses eccentric behavior and includes _____ disorder. People with this personality disorder display an emotionless disengagement. a) dissociative identity b) narcissistic personality c) antisocial personality d) schizotypical personality

d) schizotypical personality

Dr. Perez is studying prejudice and discrimination. What type of psychologist is she MOST likely to be? a) cognitive b) developmental c) personality d) social

d) social

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist first encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates: a) unconditional positive regard b) an operant conditioning technique c) client-centered therapy d) systematic desensitization

d) systematic desensitization

To help Tom reduce his fear of flying, a therapist first encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is taking off in an airplane. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates: a) client centered therapy b) unconditional positive regard c) an operant conditioning technique d) systematic desensitization

d) systematic desensitization

At her weekly therapy session, Nia became agitated at her therapist, saying that he was controlling and domineering, just like her father. Nia's behavior illustrates _____.

Transference

The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in people who suffer with: a) OCD b) PTSD c) generalized anxiety disorder d) a specific phobia

a) OCD

This disorder is characterized by repetitive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions. a) OCD b) phobia c) panic disorder d) generalized anxiety disorder

a) OCD

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of: a) a phobia b) panic disorder c) generalized anxiety disorder d) PTSD

a) a phobia

Jill suffers from depression. However, she tends to be depressed in the fall or winter but not during the spring and summer months. This is called: a) a seasonal pattern b) mania c) manic-depressive disorder d) bipolar disorder

a) a seasonal pattern

Why does social facilitation account for the home advantage noted in both college and professional athletic events? a) an enthusiastic audience has an energizing effect on the home team b) the athlete exert less effort c) the athletes lose self-awareness d) the audience scares the opposing team

a) an enthusiastic audience has an energizing effect on the home team

If Roxanne, who suffers from episodic depression, wants to experience the best long-term improvement, which lifestyle change would be LEAST effective? a) aromatherapy b) light therapy c) nutritional supplements d) aerobic exercise

a) aromatherapy

In _________, the goal is to substitute a negative response for a positive responsive to a harmful stimulus. a) aversive conditioning b) virtual reality exposure therapy c) behavior therapy d) token economy

a) aversive conditioning

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterize the person with phrases such as "passive, dependent type" or "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study BEST illustrates the: a) biasing power of diagnostic labels b) unreliability of the DSM-5 c) validity of the medical model d) power of therapy

a) biasing power of diagnostic labels

Jesse, who is attending college in a city far away from home, also does not know any of the other students. According to the principle of proximity, Jesse will be MOST likely to make friends with: a) billy, his roomate b) jamal, who lives across campus c) michael, who lives in the same dorm but two floors below Jesse d) Juan who lives 10 miles away in an off-campus appartment

a) billy his roomate

Mary and Bill are in a romantic relationship and met each other through an online dating service. Their relationship is likely to be: a) both long lasting and satisfying b) neither long lasting nor satisfying c) satisfying d) long lasting

a) both long lasting and satisfying

Ingrid is looking for a new car that is dependable and affordable. She would MOST likely be convinced to buy a particular car based on: a) central route persuasion b) cognitive dissonance c) attribution d) peripheral route persuasion

a) central route persuasion

Glenn suffers from depression. He frequently thinks of situations as overwhelmingly bad, with no hope of future improvement. Glenn would benefit MOST from ________ therapy. a) cognitive b) humanistic c) psychodynamic d) behavioral

a) cognitive

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca BEST illustrates: a) exposure therapy b) client-centered therapy c) aversive conditioning d) an operatn conditioning program

a) exposure therapy

Marya's therapist is nondirective and refers to her as a client. Marya's therapist is operating from a _________ perspective. a) humanistic b) psychodynamic c) behavioral d) cognitive

a) humanistic

In one of their experiments, Jon Darley and Bibb Latane arranged for students in different laboratory rooms to talk over an intercom. When participants heard someone having an epileptic seizure and calling for help, those participants who believed only they could hear the victim were: a) more likely to help b) less likely to care what happened to the person faking the seizure c) likely to care but not likely to try to help d) more likely to turn off their intercom

a) more likely to help

As a young adult, Clarice has difficulty forming relationships because she feels she cannot trust men. She is seeking a therapist who can help her gain insight into her feelings. The therapy that focuses on helping patients to gains insight is: a) psychoanalysis b) psychotherpy c) electric therapy d) biomedical therapy

a) psychotherapy

One of the strengths of the biopsycholosocial approach, in comparison to the medical model, is that it incorporates ____________ into an understanding of psychological disorders. a) the effect of culture b) individual differences c) physical illness d) genetics

a) the effect of culture

Those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup are referred to as: a) the outgroup b) just-world people c) scapegoats d) the ingroup

a) the outgroup

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder, as well as _____.

agoraphobia

Jamal is concerned about his neighbor, Paul. Paul recently killed a cat and hid the body under his front porch. When confronted, he was not sorry and did not seem bothered by his actions. _____ personality disorder may be an appropriate diagnosis for Paul.

antisocial

Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of _____ personality disorder.

antisocial

One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech may have: a) increased selective attention b) a breakdown in selective attention c) increased working memory capacity d) low levels of dopamine

b) a breakdown in selective attention

All psychotherapies offer three basic benefits, including: a) a professional, slightly removed relationship with the therapist b) a new perspective c) the length of the therapeutic relationship d) the goal of insight into unconscious conflicts

b) a new perspective

One seen as barbaric, ________ is performed under controlled conditions using general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment.

electroconvulsive therapy

During a psychoanalytic therapy session, Max focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering him. The therapist tells Max to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Max's therapist is using a technique known as ___________.

free association

The use of sex-selective abortions in Asian countries is an example of _________ prejudice.

gender

An ___________ culture is less sensitive to the power of the situation on behavior.

individualist

_____________ social influence results from a person's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality.

informational

Brooke is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours every day. In particular, the fringe on her living room rug must be straight on both sides. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this task 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

If a person exhibits persistently maladaptive thoughts, feelings, or actions, the person may have a ____________ disorder.

psychological

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has prescribed an antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking its reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

serotonin

Mrs. Cain thinks that all teenagers are reckless, promiscuous, irresponsible delinquents. Her belief illustrates a(n) __________

stereotype

__________ social influence results from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Normative

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Yousafzai suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Yousafzai is most clearly showing signs of _____.

PTSD

Like alcohol, ________ drugs work by depressing central nervous system activity.

antianxiety

Nearly 1 in _____ people will develop schizophrenia. a) 150 b) 100 c) 200 d) 50

b) 100

Lynette is released after a four-week stay in a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she cannot afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, how should she describe herself? a) negative attitudes toward those labeled "mentally ill" exist only in Western Europe, so shed doesn't need to worry about telling potential landlords she was in a psychiatric hospital b) She should not volunteer that she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled "mentally ill" c) she should volunteer that she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react more positively and empathically toward those labeled "mentally ill" d) it is against the law for her to not disclose that she was in a mental hospital

b) She should not volunteer that she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled "mentally ill"

Donald is a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia. He has struggled with mental illness since childhood, when he had anxiety and impaired judgment. He began experiencing psychotic symptoms at age 19, which have been only partially controlled by medication. What is Donald's prognosis? a) he is likely to remain stable b) his condition is likely to deteriorate over time c) his condition will improve d) his prognosis is unclear

b) his condition is likely to deteriorate over time

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were generic in origin? a) it varies with chronological age b) it is observed in all cultures c) it displays distinctive symptoms d) it occurs in adulthood

b) it is observed in all cultures

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trail to test the efficacy and safety of an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. Its work is MOST aligned with the _________ model. a) biopsychosocial b) medical c) psychoanalytic d) epigenetic

b) medical

Nearly 25 percent of heterosexual couples have met: a) through family b) online c) at work d) at school

b) online

Aliya and Vaughn just met. Which will affect their first impression of each other? a) personality b) physical attractiveness c) intelligence d) sincerity

b) physical attractiveness

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but has a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which of these factors MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder? a) stressful school experience b) poverty c) race d) lack of relationship with father

b) poverty

"I think my problem is an overactive superego!" This kind of proclamation is likely to come from someone who has received: a) psychotherapy b) psychoanalysis c) biomedical therapy d) an eclectic approach

b) psychoanalysis

Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? a) she can set up the learning laboratory in a room above a restaurant b) she can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph. D. from a prestigious university c) she can make sure the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure d) She can have a second confederate in the room who is a role model for defiant behavior

b) she can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph. D. from a prestigious university

Mary Ann, a woman in her fifties, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medication starting in her twenties. She has used this medication continuously since then. What serious side effect is she MOST at risk for? a) auditory hallucinations b) tardive dyskinesia c) insomnia d) dry mouth

b) tardive dyskinesia

Along with members of her church youth group, Tameka volunteers twice a week at a homeless shelter. Her volunteerism is an example of: a) a social trap b) the social-responsibility norm

b) the social-responsibility norm

Morris has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with _____ disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about 2 in 10 that Morris will also suffer from this disorder at some point in his life.

bipolar

The symptoms of phobias begin to appear at a median age of: a) 25 b) 20 c) 15 d) 10

d) 10

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _________ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to attain its full effect. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

d) 4

Attribution theory was proposed by: a) David Goethals b) Philip Zimbardo c) Leon Festinger d) Fritz Heider

d) Fritz Heider

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get him involved in any activities. Most days Victor sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior is: a) delusional thinking b) a positive symptom c) disordered thinking d) a negative symptom

d) a negative symptom

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of: a) systematic desensitization b)client-centered therapy c) psychoanalysis d) cognitive therapy

d) cognitive therapy

Professionals who focus on preventing psychological disorders are called ___________ psychologists. a) counseling b) forensic c) clinical d) community

d) community

Padma and Luke have been married for over 50 years and have four children and eight grandchildren. They are currently experiencing: a) friendship b) mirror-image perceptions c) passionate love d) companionate love

d) companionate love

When Scott's friend makes a crude remark about Muslim women, Scott asks her why she feels that way. Her response is that the 9/11 terrorist attacks could happen again at any time. Scott's colleague is experiencing a) hostile emotions toward Muslims b) stereotypical beliefs regarding Muslims c) discrimination against Muslims d) fearful emotions regarding Muslims

d) fearful emotions regarding Muslims

Shortly after learning he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is BEST explained in terms of: a) just-world phenomenon b) other-race effect c) scapegoat d) frustration-aggression principle

d) frustration-aggression principle

Barry is watching golf and sees Jordan Spieth scowl after a missed putt. He would be making the fundamental attribution error if he assumed that Jordan: a) was in a tough situation b) was thrown off by the flash of a camera c) just made a double bogey d) has an angry and volatile personality

d) has an angry and volatile personality

These therapies aim to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance. a) psychoanalytic b) psychodynamic c) behavioral d) humanistic

d) humanistic

Marcus' twin brother and maternal grandmother both have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This means that Marcus' risk for developing schizophrenia: a) is no more than average b) is not calculable c) will depend on whether his twin is identical or fraternal d) is much higher than average

d) is much higher than average

Elaine feels that her life is empty. Over the last few months, she has lost interest in her career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from: a) an anxiety disorder b) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder c) a phobia d) major depressive disorder

d) major depressive disorder

Women are more vulnerable to disorders involving _____ states.

internalized

Marian was upset because her boss promised her a raise a few weeks ago but gave the raise to Marian's rival instead. Marian told her husband she believed "what comes around goes around" and that both will "get theirs." Marian's belief illustrates the ___________ phenomenon.

just-world

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with _____.

learned helplessness

Bipolar disorder is much _____ common than major depressive disorder, but it is often more dysfunctional.

less

Many South Asians use only the right hand's fingers for eating. This is an example of a(n) __________.

norm

The risk of _____ is greatest for those diagnosed with depression when they begin to rebound and feel capable of following through with their plans.

suicide

Aidan, a man in his fifties, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medication starting in his twenties. He has used this medication continuously since then. He is most at risk for _____.

tardive dyskinesia

Aggressive behavior in males has been linked with high levels of ___________.

testosterone