LearningCurve 7b. Forgetting; Memory Construction Errors; Improving Memory

Ebbinghaus himself was the only participant in his studies of memory. Ebbinghaus therefore used the _____ method in his research. a. experimental b. case study c. survey d. naturalistic observation

case study

Sebastian took three years of Latin in high school. In college, he takes three courses in Spanish. By the end of college, he finds it hard to remember much Latin. Sebastian is experiencing _____ interference. a. proactive b. retroactive c. reactive d. progressive

retroactive

New memories are _____; they need to be _____ if one wants to remember them. a. misunderstood; practiced b. weak; exercised c. strong; applied d. strong; rehearsed

weak; exercised

the misinformation effect

The misinformation effect is incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. Remember that people unknowingly revise their own histories.

During a basketball game, Tyree suffered a concussion. Afterwards, he could not remember the game or what happened when he was treated in the hospital. Tyree was experiencing: a. repression. b. retroactive interference. c. consolidation. d. amnesia.

amnesia.

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is BEST explained in terms of: a. proactive interference. b. encoding failure. c. repression. d. retroactive interference.

encoding failure.

Rashad is studying for tomorrow's biology exam. He has been reading and taking notes for hours, and he feels like he cannot study any longer. To avoid retroactive interference, the BEST thing for Rashad to do at this point is: a. watch an exciting documentary on a different topic. b. go directly to sleep. c. stay awake for as long as possible. d. study for his French test.

go directly to sleep.

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes each day, he recalls smoking little more than one pack per day. This poor memory BEST illustrates: a. the spacing effect. b. the misinformation effect. c. the testing effect. d. motivated forgetting.

motivated forgetting.

Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty BEST illustrates: a. proactive interference. b. the spacing effect. c. the testing effect. d. retroactive interference.

proactive interference.

When they are retrieved, memories are often altered before they are stored again. This process is called _____.

reconsolidation

Forest often has vivid dreams. In the morning, he can recall them in great detail. This sometimes gets him in trouble because he can't figure out if he is remembering a dream or something that he actually experienced. This problem is known as _____ amnesia.

source

_____ interference is the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.

retroactive