LearnSmart: Chapter 3- Cellular Form and Function

The general term for the cell process in which the membrane invaginate forming vesicles that bring extracellular particles or droplets of fluid into the cell is known as _______.

endocytosis

The general term for the cell process in which the membrane invaginate forming vesicles that bring extracellular particles or droplets of fluid into the cell is known as ________.

endocytosis

A extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules classified as rough or smooth in the ________. a. centrosome b. cytoskeleton c. golgi complex d. endoplasmic reticulum e. nuclear membrane

endoplasmic reticulum

A pair of membranes enclosing the nucleus, with pores allowing the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus is the nuclear ________.

envelope

Vesicular transport that releases material from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell is called _______.

exocytosis

Carrier-mediated transport that moves a solute down a concentration gradient is called ________ diffusion.

facilitated

The process of using a carrier to passively transport a solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as ______ diffusion.

facilitated

In blood capillaries, blood pressure forces fluid through gaps in the capillary wall in a process called ________.

filtration

When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration ________.

gradient

When the concentration of a substance differs from one area to another, this creates a concentration _________.

gradient

When the concentration of a substance gradually changes from one area to the next, we say it exhibits a concentration _______.

gradient

A physical force generated by a liquid, such as blood or tissue fluid, is known as ________ pressure.

hydrostatic

A(n) ________ solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of cells and tends to cause the cells to undergo osmotic shrinkage.

hypertonic

A(n) ________ solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the intracellular fluid of the cell and tends to cause osmotic swelling and lysis of cells.

hypotonic

Accumulated cell products such as glycogen granules, pigments and fat are types of ________.

inclusions

The movement of specifically water from an are of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane is called ________.

osmosis

Name the membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and oxygen used to oxidize organic material.

peroxisomes

The process of engulfing particles (such as bacteria) by surrounding the particle and drawing it into the cell is referred to as _______.

phagocytosis

The process by which a cell can take in large droplets of ECF (water) is called ________.

pinocytosis

The concentration of solutes in a cell affects the fluid volume and pressure within the cell. This is refers to as the ______ of the solution.

tonicity

In ________ a substance is taken up at one side of cell and released from the other side. This allows substance be transported across an entire cell.

transcytosis

As a solute concentration rises, its rate of transport through a membrane increases up to the point where all the carriers are saturated. This point of saturation is called what? a. equilibrium b. the transport maximum c. the isotonic point

transport maximum

A carrier that transports only one type of solute at a time is called a(n) _________.

uniport

Which salt solution would be isotonic to human red blood cells? a. 0.9% b. 9% c. 0.09%

a. 0.9%

The NaK pump moves ________ Na ions from the ICF to the ECF while simultaneously moving ________ K ions from the ECF into the ICF. a. 3:2 b. 2:1 c. 1:2 d. 2:3

a. 3:2

Name the fine thread-like genetic material (the form of DNA) found within the nucleus of a non-dividing cell. ____________

chromatin

________ are organelles that extend from the cell membrane and propel materials such as mucus, egg cells, or cerebrospinal spinal fluid forward.

cilia

The Golgi complex is composed of about six flattened membranous sacs called _______.

cisternae

Which type of carrier moves two solutes, such as glucose and sodium, in the same direction across the membrane?

cotransport

If an antiport carrier moves solute in opposite directions across a cell membrane without requiring energy, this is called ______.

counter transport

The network of protein filaments and cylinders within the cytoplasm together form the __________.

cytoskeleton

Mitochondria extract energy from organic compounds and transfer it to which of the following for use by the cell? a. glucose b. enzymes c. fat d. ATP

d. ATP

What is a protein that participates in transmembrane transport called? a. a self-identity marker b. an enzyme c. an MHC protein d. a carrier

d. a carrier

Which structure anchored a cilium to the cell? a. rough ER b. golgi complex c. smooth ER d. basal body

d. basal body

The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex are examples of what type of organelles? a. inorganic b. non-membrane c. membranous d. extracellular

c. membranous

Folds of cell membrane; may have actin core a. cilia b. flagellum c. microvilli

c. microvilli

Which organelle contains enzymes needed to neutralize free radical, detoxify alcohol, other drugs, and blood-borne toxins? a. peroxisomes b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. peroxisome d. mitochondrion e. lysosome

c. peroxisome

In which process does the plasma membrane dimple (or cave in) and take in droplets of ECF within a vesicle? a. facilitated diffusion b. phagocytosis c. pinocytosis d. receptor-mediated endocytosis

c. pinocytosis

Which of the following is a form of vesicular transport in which receptors bind a ligand then cluster into pits that pinch off into vesicles? a. phagocytosis b. pinocytosis c. receptor-mediated endocytosis d. facilitated diffusion

c. receptor-mediated endocytosis

Plasma membrane are selectively permeable. What does this mean/ a. all compounds can freely pass through the membrane, but not all the time b. no movement of compounds is allowed through the membrane c. some compounds can permeate (pass through) the membrane whiteout others cannot

c. some compounds can permeate (pass through) the membrane whiteout others cannot

Facilitated diffusion, primary, and secondary active transport are all mechanisms of which of the following? a. energy requiring processes b. vesicular transport c. passive transport d. carrier-mediated transport

d. carrier mediated transport

Which of the following is a short cylindrical assembly of microtubules arranged in nine groups of three? a. spindle b. cytoskeleton c. flagellum d. centriole

d. centriole

What is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration called? a. exocytosis b. group translocation c. counter transport d. diffusion e. filtration

d. diffusion

The TEM uses a beam of what instead of light to see the cell's ultrastructure? a. photons b. quarks c. protons d. electrons

d. electrons

Which cytoskeletal elements form the axonemes of the cilia and flagella? a. microvilli b. intermediate filaments c. microfilaments d. microtubules

d. microtubules

At tissue capillary beds, fluid leaves the capillaries by filtration while it moves back into the capillaries by which process? a. bulk transport b. endocytosis c. active transport d. osmosis

d. osmosis

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? a. to generate energy b. to bind ligands c. to synthesize proteins d. to synthesize lipids

d. to synthesize lipids

Which of the following moves large particles and fluid droplets across the cell membrane? a. passive transport b. simple diffusion c. osmosis d. vesicular transport

d. vesicular transport

Oxygen passes into the bloodstream across the membranes in the lung by the process of _______.

diffusion

What is the large centrally located organelle visible with a light microscope called? a. mitochondria b. centriole c. golgi complex d. nucleus e. nucleolus

e. nucleus

Transport mechanisms like filtration, facilitate diffusion, and osmosis are examples of which of the following forms of transport? a. idle b. endocytosis c. second messenger d. active e. passive

e. passive

________ ________ is an enzyme which converts ATP to cyclic AMP.

Adenylate cyclase

TRUE or FALSE: The cytoskeleton is composed of calcium salts.

False

_________ filaments are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments and participate in cell-to-cell adhesion.

Intermediate

TRUE or FALSE: There are no smaller living subdivisions of an organism than a cell.

TRUE, cell is the smallest unit of living matter

TRUE or FALSE: Nearly every human cell has a single, non-motile primary cilium a few micrometers long.

TRUE, the exact role of these structures is unknown but they may be sensory

Which carrie transports two or more solutes in opposite direction across a cell membrane? a. antiport b. symport c. uniport

a. antiport

Which of the following cells have pseudopods? a. neutrophils b. macrophages c. blood platelets d. erythrocytes e. hepatocytes f. cardiocytes

a. b. c.

Mechanics for moving substances across the plasma membrane that require the use of cellular ATP include ______ and _______. a. active transport b. passive diffusion c. vesicular transport d. osmosis

a. c.

Which of the following are examples of passive transport? a. facilitated diffusion b. vesicular transport c. passive diffusion d. pinocytosis e. osmosis f. filtration

a. c. e. f.

Short "hair" within axoneme cores a. cilia b. flagellum c. microvilli

a. cilia

Which of the following bind odor molecules in the nose, form part of light-detecting cells of retina, and propel mucus within the upper respiratory tract? a. cilia b. pseudopodia c. flagella d. microvilli

a. cilia

Which form of vesicular transport uses motor proteins to bring fluid and solutes into the cell? a. endocytosis b. facilitated diffusion c. secondary active transport d. exocytosis

a. endocytosis

Which of the following is a form of vesicular transport? a. endocytosis b. diffusion c. cotransport d. osmosis

a. endocytosis

What is the fluid located between cells called? a. extracellular fluid b. blood c. intracellular fluid d. cytosol

a. extracellular fluid

Propulsion of cell a. flagella b. microvilli c. cilia

a. flagella

Which organelle adds carbohydrates groups of proteins produced at the endoplasmic reticulum? a. golgi complex b. nucleolus c. mitochondrion d. ribosome

a. golgi complex

Which factors would increase the rate of diffusion? a. increased cell surface area b. decreased temperature c. increased concentration difference d. decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound

a. increased cell surface area c. increased concentration difference d. decreased molecular weight of diffusing compound

Which organelle has a double unit membrane? a. mitochondrion b. nucleolus c. peroxisome d. golgi complex

a. mitochondrion

The number of millosmoles of solute per liter of water is used to express the osmotic concentration of a solution, also known as what? a. osmolarity b. conductivity c. tonicity d. osmolarity

a. osmolarity

In which process does a carrier move a substrate across a cell membrane against its concentration using ATP? a. primary active transport b. facilitated diffusion c. bulk transport d. simple diffusion

a. primary active transport

The Golgi complex package cellular products that will be exported from the cell into which structures? a. secretory vesicles b. peroxisomes c. digestive vesicles d. lysosomes

a. secretory vesicles

Which membrane transport process consumes ATP and uses a carrier? a. diffusion b. active c. osmosis d. passive

b. active

Which carrier transports two or more solutes in opposite direction across a cell membrane? a. uniport b. antiport c. symport

b. antiport

Basal bodies and the axonemes of flagella and cilia originate from which non-membraneous organelles? a. chromatin b. centrioles c. nucleoli d. ribosomes

b. centrioles

In which process does a secretory vesicle fuse with a cell membrane and release its contents into the extracellular space? a. phagocytosis b. exocytosis c. pinocytosis d. transcytosis

b. exocytosis

What is the fluid located between cells called? a. intracellular fluid b. extracellular fluid c. blood d. cytosol

b. extracellular fluid

Smaller molecules diffuse _______ larger molecules. a. slower than b. faster than c. at the same rate as

b. faster than

single long structures with an axoneme core a. cilia b. flagellum c. microvilli

b. flagellum

Which organelle is comprised of stacked cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates? a. lysosome b. golgi complex c. endoplasmic reticulum d. ribosomes

b. golgi complex

As the molecular weight of a substance increases, what happens to its diffusion rate? a. it increases b. it decreases c. it stays the same

b. it decreases

Increase surface area as for absorption a. flagella b. microvilli c. cilia

b. microvilli

What are the longest human cells? a. egg and sperm b. nerve and muscle c. skin and fat d. skin and fat e. red blood cells and white blood cells

b. nerve and muscle

Which of the following molecules can readily diffuse through a cell membrane? Choose all that apply? a. large hydrophilic molecules b. non polar molecules c. lipid-soluble molecules d. hydrophobic molecules

b. non polar molecules d. hydrophobic molecules c. lipid-soluble molecules

Which structure is perforated with pores to allow material to move in and out of the nucleus? a. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. nuclear envelope c. nucleolus d. endoplasmic reticulum e. mitochondrion

b. nuclear envelope

What is the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane called? a. filtration b. osmosis c. phagocytosis d. simple diffusion

b. osmosis

Most of a cells proteins are broken down by which organelles? a. ribosomes b. proteasome c. centrioles d. peroxisomes

b. proteasome

What is the function of the nucleolus? a. protein synthesis b. ribosome production c. lipid synthesis d. control center for cellular function

b. ribosome production

Which endoplasmic reticulum has tubular, branded cistermae, and lacks ribosomes? a. rough b. smooth c. golgi d. vesicular

b. smooth

Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells store calcium in extensive networks of which organelle? a. rough ER b. smooth ER c. Ribosomes d. Golgi complex

b. smooth ER

The scanning electron microscope is used to view which of the following? a. large organelles b. surface features c. chemical composition

b. surface features

What are the membrane channels that allow the movement of water across a membrane called? a. vesicles b. ion channels c. aquaporins d. gap junctions

c. aquaporins

Move a substance along a cell surface a. flagella b. microvilli c. cilia

c. cilia

Which three cellular structures contain double and/or triple sets of microtubules? a. clatherin b. centrioles c. cilia d. glycocalyx e. flagella

c. e. b.

Which cellular structures is critical for identifying your body's own healthy cells from transplanted tissue? a. mitochondrion b. smooth ER c. glycocalyzx d. centrosome

c. glycocalyzx

When cells are placed in which solution, there is no change in cell volume or shape? a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic

c. isotonic

Which solutions have the same concentration of non permeating solutes as the intracellular fluid? a. hypertonic b. hypotonic c. isotonic

c. isotonic

As temperature increases, what happens to the rate of diffusion? a. it decreases b. it stays the same c. it increases

c. it increases

Cyclic AMP activates cellular enzymes known as ________.

kinases

_________ are the organelles that digest and depose of worn-out mitochondria and other organelles by a process called autophagy.

lysosome

Which elements of the cytoskeleton are about 6 nm thick and made of actin? a. microvilli b. intermediate filaments c. microtubules d. microfilaments

microfilaments

Extension of the cell membrane that serve to increase surface area are called ______.

microvilli

Name the organelle that contains the enzymes necessary to produce ATP for use by the cell.

mitochondrion

A cell uses organelle called _______ to get rid of nonfunctional proteins.

proteasome

In microscopy, the term used to describe the ability to reveal detail is ______.

resolution

Mechanical pressure can be applied to one side of a membrane in order to drive water through the membrane against its concentration gradient. The process is called ________ osmosis.

reverse

________ are the organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins.

ribosomes

Ribosomes attach to the _______ endoplasmic reticulum where they make proteins.

rough

The ________ endoplasmic reticulum is comprised of cisternae that are covered with ribosomes.

rough

The only functional flagellum in humans is the whiplike tall of ______ cells.

sperm

A hydration sphere consists of a solute particle surrounded by _______ molecules.

water