Lecture 4 (first half)
The Khrushchev decade from . . . to . . . went down in history as the "Khrushchev thaw"
1954 - 1964
In . . . , the XX Party Congress was held in Moscow, which exposed the personality cult of Stalin.
February, 1956
I.Stalin passed away => struggle for his position =>
G. Malenkov, V. Molotov, L. Beria, N. Khruschev
In January 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party adopted a resolution . . .
"On political mistakes in the work of the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR." Consequences: All works of oral and written literature of the pre-revolutionary period were assessed as reactionary and anti-popular
The Semipatinsk polygon was closed on . . .
August 29, 1991
The persecution of writers who received the label of bourgeois nationalists began -> writers:
Mukhtar Auezov, Sabit Mukanov, Kazhym Zhumaliev, Esmagambet Ismailov and others
The main base of nonferrous metallurgy of Soviet Union was located in . . .
Kazakhstan a fuel and energy complex, a developed chemical industry, a coal mining industry operated, there was a huge potential for oil production
Iosif Stalin passed away on . . .
March, 1953
Since March 1953, the Soviet Union has been ruled by a triumvirate:
N. Khrushchev, G. Malenkov, L. Beria (was soon arrested and shot)
. . . is the only Soviet leader who was removed by a simple vote by members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee
N.S. Khrushchev
The intraparty rivalry ended in the victory of . . . , who became First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Nikita Khruschev
Author of the "Az i Ya":
Olzhas Suleimenov
1954-1964 years in Soviet Union was . . .
The Khrushchev decade also called "Khrushchev thaw"
End of the war and the restoration of the post-war economy caused
an increase in the social, political and labor activity of citizens
The first mass all-republican independent organization was the . . .
anti-nuclear movement "Nevada-Semipalatinsk" This organization arose on the initiative of the poet O. Suleimenov and quickly spread throughout Kazakhstan.
"Nevada-Semipalatinsk" is . . .
anti-nuclear movement that arose on the initiative of the poet O. Suleimenov
The purpose of "Nevada-Semipalatinsk" movement →
close the Semipalatinsk and other nuclear testsites
A kazakh poet Olzhas Suleimenov was accused of . . .
overestimating the role of the Turks in history in his work "Az i Ya"
Representatives of the intelligentsia, whose views, reflected in works of literature and art, did not fit into the ideology of the system ->
were persecuted (преследование)
Ecological problems in the middle of XX century in Kazakhstan:
• The irrational use of natural resources during the existence of the Soviet regime led to an increase in environmental problems in Kazakhstan. Nuclear tests since 1949 at the Semipalatinsk test site have led to radiation pollution of a huge territory in Central and Eastern Kazakhstan. • Another environmental problem was the catastrophic shallowing of the Aral Sea, which was caused by the irrational use of the waters of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. • The fall in the level of the Aral Sea, the transformation of the seabed into a salt desert has turned this region into a cluster of serious environmental and social problems.