Lecture bio final

DNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil.

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?

RNA contains the sugar dextrose

Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false?

a G paired with a T

Which of the following would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA?

GTTACG CAAUGC

Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides?

gastrin and GH1

Which of these genes are located on the q arm of chromosome 17?

DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded.

Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule?

thymine

Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Nucleotide

______ are composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

eukaryotic cell,

, there is compartmentalization of function, with transcription occurring in the nucleus and translation occurring in the cytoplasm.

Gwe egg cells

A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens which may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the:

each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

labeled DNA ... DNA

After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that theycontained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material.

a set of triplet bases on a tRNA that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA

An anticodon is _________

template

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA stran

1,268

DNA fragment A consists of _____ base pairs.

that the DNA polymerase could be denatured

DNA polymerase is a heat-sensitive enzyme. What is one thing that would need to be considered concerning the activity of this enzyme in PCR when the temperature is heated during each cycle to separate the DNA strands?

Small

DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, we can expect to find a _____ number of mistakes.

DNA is composed of sugars, phosphates, and bases.

Early, flawed DNA models proposed by Watson and Crick and by Linus Pauling correctly described which property of DNA?

The data suggest that A would always pair with T and G would always pair with C in a DNA molecul

Erwin Chargaff observed that the proportions of adenine (A) and thymine (T) bases were always equal, as were the proportion of guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Chargaff's observation suggests which of the following statements?

three-nucleotide sequences.

Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are

35S

Hershey and Chase used _____ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins.

they may cause the development of a disease-causing allele they may cause the development of a more beneficial allele they, in some cases, may have no noticeable affect

How do mutations affect an organism?

GCCATG

If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, then the complementary strand would be

thymine ... cytosine

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.

Heating

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___.

in the nucleus

In a eukaryotic cell, transcription takes place _

between 6,557 and 4,361 base pairs

In this example the marker DNA includes fragments that have 23,130, 9,416, 6,557, 4,361, 2,322, 2,027, and 564 base pairs. Approximately how many base pairs are in the DNA fragment indicated by the letter B?

1,405

NA fragment B consists of _____ base pairs.

5' to 3'

Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction.

ligase

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by ___

involved in eye development

The RP13 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____.

Involved in the regulation of the cell cycle

The TP53 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____.

replication forks and replication bubbles

The action of helicase creates _____.

5' —> 3'

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

The four bases contained in DNA are _____.

Q arm

The gene that codes for gastrin is located on the _____ of chromosome 17.

RNA

The principal role of _____ is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA out of the nucleus for the synthesis of proteins.

DNA

The radioactive isotope 32P labels the T2 phage's __

The farther it moves.

The shorter the DNA molecule,

A, G, C, T, and U.

There are five examples of a base :

phosphate groups sugars nitrogenous bases

What are the chemical components of a DNA molecule?

DNA is a helix.

What did Rosalind Franklin's famous photo 51 show?

DNA stores genetic information in the sequence of its bases. DNA can change. Errors in copying can result in changes in the DNA sequence that could be inherited by future generations. DNA can be replicated by making complementary copies of each strand.

What did the structure of DNA's double helix suggest about DNA's properties?

separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA

What is the correct sequence of events that occur in a PCR reaction

DNA polymerases

Which of the following build(s) new strands of DNA?

Hershey and Chase

Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage?

Pyrimidines

______ are single-ring structures.

New nucleotides

are added to the 3' end of a growing polynucleotide.

DNA nucleotides

are composed of deoxyribose sugars, whereas RNA nucleotides are composed of ribose sugars.

DNA

is a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell, shaped like a double helix, and associated with the transmission of genetic information.

Protein

is made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, attached to one another in long chains

Transcription

is the first step of gene expression, during which a particular segment of DNA is converted into RNA.

Translation

is the process in which mRNA codons are converted into an amino acid sequence.

RNA polymerase

untwists a portion of the DNA double hel

1' ... 5'

In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon.

negative ... positive

In gel electrophoresis DNA molecules migrate from _____ to _____ ends of the gel.

Genes are located on chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of protein and nucleic acid. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus.

In the 1950s, when Watson and Crick were working on their model of DNA, which concepts were well accepted by the scientific community?

Jim Watson and Francis Crick built theoretical models, incorporating current knowledge about chemical bonding and X-ray data.

In the early 1950s, many researchers were racing to describe the structure of DNA using different approaches. Which of the following statements is true?

6,557

In this example the marker DNA includes fragments that have 23,130, 9,416, 6,557, 4,361, 2,322, 2,027, and 564 base pairs. Approximately how many base pairs are in the DNA fragment indicated by the letter A?

DNA ligase.

The molecule that seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand is

nucleotides.

The monomers of DNA and RNA are

hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases

The two strands of a DNA molecule are joined to each other through _____.

are held together by hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases, which are paired in the interior of the helix

The two sugar-phosphate strands of a DNA molecule

CGAUCGCUACUG

What is the transcription product of the sequence GCTAGCGATGAC?

TGACA

What nucleotide sequence would be found on the complementary DNA strand of the strand shown here?

When there are small quantities of DNA analysis

When is PCR particularly applicable?

an additional hydroxyl group

Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?

The leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces

Which statement about DNA replication is CORRECT?

DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand

Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE?

DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

sugar with two, and not three, oxygen atoms

You can tell that this is an image of a DNA nucleotide and not an RNA nucleotide because you see a _____.

Ribosome

serves as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.