Lecture Exam 3 (Cardiovascular system)

The region of the heart that acts as the heart's pacemaker is called the

SA node

Which phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows the isovolumetric relaxation phase?

Atrial diastole

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.

Lungs

Which of the following components of an ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS complex

Which of the following have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards?

Veins

Which of the following components of an ECG represents ventricular repolarization?

T wave

The ability of the heart muscle to generate tension is known as ________.

contractility

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

pulmonary

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.

sinoatrial (SA) node

Blood pressure is lowest in

veins

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

Aorta

Which of the following best describes an artery?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Which of the following equations correctly relates flow, pressure, and resistance?

Pressure = Flow × Resistance

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-rich blood?

Pulmonary vein

Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart?

Pulmonary veins

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________.

Pulse

"Diver's reflex" is a response to diving in many aquatic mammals and also occurs in humans upon submersion in water. It is characterized by physiological changes that decrease oxygen consumption, such as a slowed heart rate. Which region of the heart would be directly affected by the nervous system to allow for the slowing of heart rate?

SA node

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat?

Stroke volume (SV)

If damage to the AV node slowed down conduction through this tissue, what would be observed on an ECG?

a longer PR interval

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.

atrioventricular (AV)

Which of the following would decrease the rate of blood flow through a blood vessel?

constriction of the blood vessel increased pressure of the blood leaving the vessel, but not entering increased viscosity of the blood (all of the above)

________ provide the pathway for the movement of electrical current between the cells of the conduction pathway and the ventricular myocytes.

Gap junctions

What region of the cardiovascular system contains valves?

Heart and veins (A and C)

Pain can overstimulate the vagus nerve. Appraise the following, and determine the likely outcome for an overstimulated vagus nerve.

Heart rate slows

What part of the heart wall is composed of thin endothelium that lines the heart chambers?

Endocardium

The term autorhythmicity refers to the heart's ability to ________.

generate its own contractile cycle

During exercise, which of the following tissues receive increased blood flow?

heart, skin, and skeletal muscle

A decrease in tissue oxygen is called ________.

hypoxia

The driving force for blood flow through the systemic circuit is ________.

mean arterial pressure

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.

peripheral resistance

Which of the following increases heart rate?

Epinephrine

Which term means heart contraction?

systole

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? 1- Atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches 2- Atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers 3- Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches 4- Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers 5- Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

4

In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), which of the following would you expect to see from a weakened heart?

Decreased cardiac output and stroke volume

What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

Microcirculation

What statement best describes the hepatic portal system?

Nutrients and toxins picked up from capillaries in the stomach and intestine are transported to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein.

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

P

Which of the following describes atrial diastole?

Ventricles passively filling with blood

What is the physiological cause of a heart attack?

a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart

Which of the following will occur within the systemic capillary beds?

both A and C - net flux of carbon dioxide into the capillaries - net flux of oxygen out of the capillaries

Which of the following equations is correct?

cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima