Lecture quiz 3

skeletal cardiac

Striations are visible when ___ and ___ muscle tissues are examined microscopically.

true

Structure and shape of the articulating bones helps determine range of motion at synovial joints.

True

Synovial fluid is a somewhat viscous liquid that contains hyaluronic acid and fluid formed from blood plasma.

motor end plate

The specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction is called the

False

The specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction is called the synaptic cleft.

side-to-side movement.

The surfaces of the bones at a gliding joint perform the movement(s) of:

visceral and multiunit.

The two types of smooth muscle are:

True

ATP is required for dissociation of myosin from actin during the muscle contraction.

False

Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme responsible for initiating muscle contraction.

ALL of the above

Which is a correct statement?

between trapezium and first metacarpal

Which joint could be called a saddle joint?

knee joint

Which joint shows a hinge motion?

between atlas and dens of axis

Which joint shows a pivot motion?

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease; osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging and injury.

Which of the following best describes the causes of the common forms of arthritis?

movement of joints to decrease the angle between bones

Which of the following correctly describes flexion?

pivot

Which of the following is a synovial joint?

gomphosis and suture

Which of the following is not a synovial joint?

suture

Which of the following is not a synovial joint?

A and C

Which of the following is true of myosin?

ball-and-socket

Which of the following joints allows the most possible movements?

False

All fibrous joints are synarthrotic; that is, they are immovable.

True

All symphyses occur in the midline of the body.

True

Anabolic steroids can cause cancer and should not be taken by athletes.

are found in the space between the ends of the bones.

Articular discs of synovial joints:

Articular cartilage thickens.

Which of the following statements about aging and joints is false?

a poorer blood supply

Which of the following statements about fast-twitch (fast glycolytic fibers) muscles is true?

can not generate ATP as needed

Which of the following statements about fast-twitch muscles (fast glycolytic fibers) is not true?

All of the above.

Which of the following statements about joint classification is true?

red muscles contain less myoglobin than white.

Which of the following statements about muscle types is not true?

fatigue fast

Which of the following statements about slow oxidative muscles is not true?

adduction--movement of body parts toward the midline

Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired?

hinge and monaxial joints

Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements?

diarthrosis

Which type of joint has the most movement?

Lyme disease

____ is a bacterial infection causing severe pain in the joints.

creatine phosphate

____ is a storage molecule which can transfer stored energy to ADP making ATP.

latent period

____ is the time between the stimulus and the response.

Synovial

____ joints have fluid filled cavity and bone are united by dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule.

rheumatoid arthritis

_____ is a painful debilitating autoimmune disorder that attacks cartilage and joint linings.

abduction--movement of body parts toward the midline

abduction--movement of body parts toward the midline

has branching cells.

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle differs in that it:

stability

Concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increases, _____ decreases.

fascia

is a subcutaneous layer of dense connective tissue that is wrapped around groups of skeletal muscles.

articular cartilage

is hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating surface of bone reducing the friction.

Autorhythmicity

is the built-in rhythmic activity of cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle tissue.

myoglobin

is the respiratory pigment found in muscle cells which pulls in and stores oxygen for use during contraction.

myosin

is the thick filament involved in skeletal muscle contraction.

actin

is the thin filament involved in skeletal muscle contraction.

Fibrous

joints have no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen.

False

During an isotonic contraction of a muscle, the muscle shortens while the tension in the muscle increases, as in straightening the legs when rising from a sitting position to a standing position.

myosin cross bridges move the thin filaments so that their ends meet or overlap in the center of the sarcomere.

During contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber:

Tone

A sustained minimal contraction in a skeletal muscle that does not produce movement is called muscle

False

A tremor is a painful spasmodic contraction.

true

A union of a cone-shaped bony process in a body socket held by a periodontal ligament is a gomphosis.

gomphosis

A union of cone-shaped bony process in body socket held by periodontal ligament is a ____

False

Oxygen debt is when oxygen runs out after couple of minutes of strenuous exercise, and aerobic cellular respiration kicks in.

smooth

muscle cells do not contain sarcomeres.

ATP

must bind the myosin head in order for it to bind actin.

4, 2, 1, 5, 3

Place the following events in the correct order: 1) ACh is released into the synaptic cleft; 2) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane; 3) A muscle action potential is triggered; 4) An action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb; and 5) ACh binds to receptors in the motor end plate.

Calcium

released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum must bind troponin if muscle contraction is to occur.

False

Skeletal muscle is affected by both acetylcholine and norepinephrine.

True

Muscular atrophy is the wasting away of muscles.

motor end plate

Neurotransmitter receptors are found where on the sarcolemma?

False

Neurotransmitters are housed within the synaptic cleft.

synaptic vesicle

Neurotransmitters are stored in ____ within the motor neuron ending and are released into the synaptic cleft allowing them to bind receptors on the motor end plate.

myofibrils

One sarcomere contains all of the following EXCEPT:

Strain

A ___ is a stretched or partially torn muscle or muscle and tendon.

meniscus

A ____ is fibrocartilage disk that partially or completely divide synovial joints into two compartments.

suture.

A fibrous joint in which adjacent bones grow together and unite in a sutural ligament is a ____

tetany.

A forceful, sustained muscle contraction is called ____.

one articulating surface is convex and fits into the other surface which is concave

A good description for a hinge joint is:

flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces

A good description for a planar joint is:

Suture

A joint where adjacent bones grow together and unite is referred to as a ____

True

A motor neuron is a nerve cell that stimulates a muscle cell, causing a contraction.

True

A motor unit is a muscle fiber and the motor neuron connected to it.

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it.

A motor unit is defined as ____.

True

Bending the ankle so that the foot moves downward is the movement called plantar flexion.

true

Biofeedback can control some smooth muscle contraction.

joint capsule.

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by a ____

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Calcium is released from the ____ during skeletal muscle contraction.

True

Cardiac muscle cells contain more mitochondria than do skeletal muscle cells.

True

Cardiac muscle remains refractory until contraction ends so tetany does not occur.

False

Cardiac muscle tissue may be classified as either visceral or multiunit muscle.

fibrous joints.

Fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces of bones together in:

A and E

Identify the characteristic of smooth muscle tissue.

sac that stores neurotransmitter

Identify the description of the synaptic vesicle.

true

If a joint is not used for a period of time the motion of the joint can be limited.

True

If a muscle contracts and its fibers does not shorten, the contraction is isometric.

True

If a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the contraction is isotonic.

True

In mature skeletal muscle, new skeletal muscle cells can arise from satellite cells.

antagonists.

Muscles that resist the prime mover's action are called ____.

calmodulin

Instead of troponin, smooth muscle has a different regulatory protein called ___ .

true

Interosseous membranes are a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement.

True

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection which resembles arthritis.

bursa

The ___ is a fluid-filled closed sacs containing synovial fluid located between skin and underlying bone which cushions and aids in movement of tendons.

I bands

The ____ are the light bands and are only actin.

tropomyosin; myosin

The ____________ protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the resting state, while the ____________ protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the contracting state.

extensibility.

The ability of muscle tissue to be stretched without being damaged is:

supination.

The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is:

3, 4

The articular cartilage: 1) consists of two layers; an outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue and an inner layer of loose connective tissue, 2) firmly unites the articulating bones, 3) shields the surfaces of the articulating bones at a synovial joint, 4) helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint.

True

The contractile elements of skeletal muscle cells are sarcomeres.

sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The endomembrane system which houses calcium within the muscle fiber is the _____.

fast glycolytic fibers.

The skeletal muscle fibers that fatigue most easily are:

False

The hinge joint is the joint that allows for the most possible movements.

is the movable end of the muscle.

The insertion of a muscle is ____.

is the movable point of attachment of a muscle. attaches a muscle to a bone or skin.

The insertion of a muscle:

False

The joint between two bodies of adjacent vertebrae is a synchondrosis.

anterior cruciate

The ligament limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur.

oxidative

The muscle fibers that are oxidative and resistant to fatigue are the slow and fast ___ fibers.

Gomphosis

The name of the type of joint where a tooth fits into a socket is

Acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter released at a neuromuscular junction (in skeletal muscle) is

on the immovable or fixed end of the bone.

The origin of a muscle is ____.

True

The range of movement at a joint depends upon the point of attachment of the muscle and the length of its fibers.

False

The saddle joint is the joint that allows for the most possible movements.

True

The shoulder joint is an example of a triaxial joint.

False

Very few people over age 70 ever show evidence of having osteoarthritis.

all of the above

Visceral smooth muscle _____.

neurotransmitters

are stored in synaptic vesicles within the motor neuron ending and are released into the synaptic cleft allowing them to bind receptors on the motor end plate.

Intercalated

discs in cardiac muscle contain both desmosomes and gap junctions.