LEJA Final exam, CH 2

Sworn personnel are usually referred to as ________.

peace officers

When appellate court judges ________ the case, they send it back to the trial court.

remand

In the ________ step of the SARA model of problem-oriented policing, the police department identifies the problem, its consequences, the frequency with which it occurs, and any other information relevant to understanding it.

scanning

Which of the following is an exception to the search warrant requirement?

Incident to an arrest Automobile searches Stop and frisk (Terry stop)

Which of the following is a FALSE statement according to research on elder abuse?

The majority of the victims of elder abuse were males.

Who is responsible for locating key parties at a crime scene?

The patrol officer

Which of the following factors helps in determining if the use of force by police is reasonable in a situation?

The potential risk to innocent bystanders or an officer A suspect's resistance to arrest The seriousness of the situation

hich of the following statements is true about the growth of private security in the United States?

There are an estimated three times more private security officers than public law enforcement officers.

Which of the following statements is true about the growth of private security in the United States?

There are an estimated three times more private security officers than public law enforcement officers. Correct

Which of the following is a feature of police departments in the United States?

They outnumber sheriffs' offices by four to one.

What was the suspect, who was the reason for the search of Mapp's boarding house, accused of in the case of Mapp v. Ohio?

bombing

`What was the suspect, who was the reason for the search of Mapp's boarding house, accused of in the case of Mapp v. Ohio?

bombing

Andrew was removed as a potential juror because he was the brother of the defendant who was about to go to trial. His removal from the jury was based on the prosecutor's:

challenge for cause.

Municipal policing agencies receive most of their funds from:

city governments.

In the language of policing, nonsworn personnel are ________.

civilians

The ability of police and other public safety agencies from different jurisdictions to talk and share data is called:

communications interoperability.

Which of the following emphasizes crime prevention and the development of positive relationships between the police and the public?

community policing

Detective Rivera worked as an undercover narcotics agent for many years. After several months of investigation, it was discovered that Detective Rivera was taking a lot of bribes from the individuals who smuggled narcotics. In this scenario, Rivera's action for personal gain is an example of ________.

corruption

Appellate courts:

determine whether legal errors were made at trial.

If a judge on the appellate court disagrees with the majority decision, he or she can write a ________ opinion.

dissenting

Trial courts in federal jurisdiction are called ________ courts.

district

Public defenders are:

employed and paid by the government.

When investigating a case of arson, Detective Rodriguez questions the crowd around the crime scene and believes one of the witnesses to be the culprit. He places the suspect under arrest. Arresting suspects falls under which function of policing?

enforcing the law

Support activities of police include all of the following EXCEPT:

follow-up investigations.

The Supreme Court has ruled that judges must recuse themselves from deciding cases involving parties who(m):

have given them significant campaign contributions.

Most public defenders are:

inexperienced. underpaid. overworked.

The opposite of misconduct is:

integrity

What do judges do?

interpret laws

An example of a court of limited jurisdiction is a:

juvenile court.

Blank is an example of enforcing the law.

making an arrest

During a Terry stop, a police officer is allowed to do all of the following EXCEPT:

pat the individual down for weapons.

Which of the following is an indicator that a police department has implemented community policing strategies?

Officers patrolling by foot or by bicycle on a daily basis Employing full-time community resource officers Meeting with community groups

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about police officers and stress?

Patrol officers report that they receive a lot of support from their superiors.

Which of the following is true of the structure of the law enforcement system?

Policing in the United States has always been highly localized.

Blank is the amount of evidence necessary to obtain a warrant or conduct most searches and seizures.

Probable cause

Who decides whether a suspect is charged with a crime?

Prosecutor

Which of the following is NOT a key focus of police work?

Recording court proceedings

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the homeless?

all homeless people are unemployed

Bob is representing his client Ernest on a robbery charge. Bob learns that Ernest is going to commit another robbery, while out on bail, to pay for his legal defense in the first case. If Bob does not report this future criminal act, he can be charged as:

an accessory.

The ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects residents from "unreasonable searches and seizures."

4th

Almost half of all policing agencies in the United States have fewer than ________ sworn officers.

10

How many Circuit Courts of Appeals are present in the United States?

13

During the ________, Black males began to enter police departments at meaningful levels.

1970s

Police became more involved with people with mental disabilities in the ________, when a large number of institutions for those with mental disabilities closed because of cuts made to federal mental health funding.

1980s

Detective Villanueva reads the Miranda rights to the suspect in a rape case, who waives his rights. During the interrogation of the suspect, Detective Villanueva becomes enraged over the horrific details that the suspect provides. The detective hits the suspect to coerce more details of the crime out of him. In this scenario, which amendment has Detective Villanueva violated?

5th

The ________ Amendment states that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself."

5th

What constitutional amendment is violated when the attorney-client privilege is violated and what is said between a criminal defendant and his or her attorney is made known to the prosecutor and the judge?

5th

The ________ Amendment entitles criminal defendants to the help of an attorney at trial.

6

Which of the following would be considered a private place according to Fourth Amendment standards?

A person's home

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the Miranda warnings?

A suspect cannot consult a lawyer once the questioning begins.

What affects the solvability of a crime?

Availability of witnesses Quality of the preliminary investigation Presence of evidence

How have police departments responded to demographic changes in their communities?

By offering cultural diversity training By recruiting officers from diverse populations By offering crash courses to learn key phrases in the languages common in the neighborhoods they work in

Which of the following is NOT a critique of community policing?

Community policy improves the degree of civilianization.

To appeal a conviction, the ________ files an appellate brief.

Defendant

The ________ is the chief federal law enforcement department in the United States.

Department of Justice

Two months after graduating from the police academy, Rookie Officer Pike starts patrolling the streets. On duty, he realizes that the police academy training was very different from the real world of policing. What do rookie police officers realize once they are on the job?

Every action takes much longer to complete than it does in the academy.

What is police occupational subculture?

It is a set of norms and beliefs embraced by most officers in a given country.

What is police organizational subculture?

It is the norms and beliefs particular to an individual police department.

Who among the following is responsible for issuing an arrest warrant?

Judge

Which of the following cases does NOT define the lawful use of force?

Mapp V Ohio

Most criminal cases are prosecuted in ________ courts.

State

What is currently the biggest problem involving DNA evidence?

The backlog of evidence to be analyzed

Blank is when police reasonably believe that the warrant or law authorizing a search or seizure is legitimate but it later turns out it is not.

The good faith exception

Which of the following is a key to a successful investigation of police misconduct?

The intake process is color blind. People can register complaints with ease. There are many channels through which a complaint can be filed.

Police are looking for Trevor Brown, a suspect in a murder. Detective Lewis obtains Trevor's cell phone number from an informant and calls him. When Trevor receives the call, the detective immediately beings asking questions about the evening of the murder. Detective Lewis does not have to read Trevor his Miranda rights because:

Trevor Brown is not in Detective Lewis' custody.

Which of the following lists the federal agencies in the correct order from those with the most number of employees to those with the least number of employees?

U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Capitol Police, and USDA Forest Service

All of the following are agencies within the Department of Homeland Security EXCEPT the:

U.S. Marshals Service.

Blank is the requirement that each individual within an organization reports directly to a single individual higher in the chain of command.

Unity of command

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the comparison between rural and urban communities and policing?

Urban officers are more supportive of community policing strategies than rural officers.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about appellate courts?

Witnesses testify to a panel of judges in appellate courts.

Newly appointed deputy sheriffs are usually first assigned to ________.

a stint in the county's jail facility

Community efficacy is less common in ________ communities.

poor

Federal prosecutors are appointed by the:

president

The ________ is the array of calls for service awaiting handling.

queue

In order for an act to be a search or seizure, the target of the act must have a(n) ________ expectation of privacy.

reasonable

Informing suspects of their rights was seen as the only effective way to safeguard their privilege against:

self-incrimination.

Police view of themselves as a "band of brothers"—or "sisters"—against everyone else in society. This is known as ________.

siege mentality

All of the following are types of judges EXCEPT:

solicitors.

On illegally entering Matthew's house to search for drugs, the police find evidence that Kristina is involved in a money-laundering scheme. Kristina does not live in Matthew's house. The evidence can be used against Kristina because she does not have:

standing

Testimonial evidence include ________.

statements made by a suspect

A state's high court is often called its ________ court.

supreme

Wilson and Kelling's broken windows theory argues that there is a relationship between higher crime rates and:

the level of deterioration of a neighborhood.

Who among the following is NOT a part of the courtroom workgroup?

the police officer

Training requirements for local law enforcement agencies are usually determined by:

the state

The greatest influence on the decision to arrest is:

the victim's preference for arrest.

A ________ is a group of people called to be prospective jurors.

venire