Lesson 4/Chapter 17: Blood

Define hematocrit a. Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by white blood cells. b. Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by platelets. c. Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements. d. Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by water. e. Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by plasma.

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is? a. hemoglobin b. porphyrin c. albumin d. immunoglobulin e. fibrinogen

Hemoglobin

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO 2 in the RBCs. a. Components of the cytoskeleton b. Ribosomes c. DNA d. Mitochondria e. Hemoglobin molecules

Hemoglobin molecules

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? a. reticulocytotic b. polycythemia c. anemia d. erythrocytosis e. thrombocytopenia

Anemia

A person with Type A blood has? a. anti-B antibodies in the plasma b. anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells c. antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma d. anti-B antibodies in the plasma and anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells e. antigen A on the RBCs

Antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? a. It destroys maternal anti-Rh antibodies b. It prevents maternal anti-Rh antibodies from crossing the placenta c. It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation d. It destroys fetal anti-Rh antibodies e. It destroys maternal RBCs that enter the fetal circulation

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by? a. plasmin. b. thrombin. c. fibrinogen-converting enzyme. d. prothrombin activator. e. factor VIII

Thrombin

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes? a. are long-lived b. become macrophages c. enter tissues and wander d. about same size as basophils e. can phagocytize bacteria

About same size as basophils

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect a. a drop in oxygen levels. b. the release of erythropoietin. c. a rise in hematocrit. d. All of the answers are correct. e. None of these answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except? a. red bone marrow b. the lymph nodes c. the thymus d. the kidney e. the spleen

The kidney

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if a. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. b. hemolysis is prevented by a bad gene. c. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. d. red blood cells bind too much oxygen. e. the diet is deficient in iron

A gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? a. A person with type A blood will have anti-AB antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. b. A person with type A blood will have anti-A platelets that will cause abnormal clotting with type B blood. c. A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. d. A person with type A blood will have anti-A antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. e. A person with type A blood will have anti-B platelets that will cause abnormal clotting with type B blood

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma? a. albumin b. gamma globulin c. fibrinogen d. steroid-binding protein e. hormone-binding protein

Albumin

What is determined by the surface antigens on RBCs? a. how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin b. the developmental stage of the RBC c. the type of hemoglobin proteins inside d. hematocrit e. blood type

Blood type

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when? a. blood flow to the kidney declines b. both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines. c. oxygen levels in the blood decrease. d. oxygen levels in the blood increase. e. both oxygen levels in the blood increase and blood flow to the kidney declines

Both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the? a. viscosity b. hematocrit c. specific gravity d. packed volume e. differential cell count

Hematocrit

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation a. Erythroblasts b. Myeloblasts c. Reticulocytes d. Band cells e. Normoblasts

Reticulocytes

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be? a. 1.8 L b. 6.6 L c. 5.6 L d. 6.0 L e. 3.8 L

3.8L

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is? a. 4 months b. about 1 year c. 1 month d. many years e. 24 hours

4 months

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters. a. 10 b. 6 to 8 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 to 6

5-6L

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of? a. thrombocytopenia b. starvation c. anemia d. acidosis e. hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of? a. magnesium b. iron c. calcium d. sodium e. copper

Iron

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called? a. erythroblasts. b. megakaryocytes. c. lymphoblasts. d. normoblasts. e. myeloblasts.

Megakaryocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. a. Basophils b. Eosinophils c. Monocytes d. Lymphocytes e. Neutrophils

Monocytes

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then? a. the donor's antigens bind with the recipient's antibodies. b. the donor's antigens bind with the recipient's antigens. c. the donor's antibodies bind with the recipient's antigens. d. the donor's antibodies bind with the recipient's antibodies. e. there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens

There is no reaction between antibodies and antigens

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from? a. the heart b. an arteriole c. a superficial vein d. a capillary e. a superficial artery

A superficial vein

Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except? a. carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues. b. stored nutrients from the liver to the tissues. c. nutrients from the digestive tract to the body. d. wastes from the cells to the kidneys. e. hormones from endocrine glands to target cells.

Carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the? a. conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator. b. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. c. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. d. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. e. activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen

Conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator

Platelets are? a. blue cells that have a nucleus. b. tiny cells with a polynucleus. c. red cells that lack a nucleus. d. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. e. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus

Cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

The process of fibrinolysis. a. forms emboli b. activates fibrinogen c. draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. d. forms thrombi e. dissolves clots

Dissolves clots

Platelets function in all of the following except? a. dissolving a formed clot. b. forming temporary clump in injured areas. c. contracting after clot formation. d. initiating the clotting process. e. releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting.

Dissolving a formed clot

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway. a. retraction b. fibrinolytic c. extrinsic d. common e. intrinsic

Extrinsic

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to? a. form stacks. b. live without a nucleus. c. squeeze through small capillaries smaller than their cell diameter. d. carry hemoglobin. e. establish a large surface area-to-volume ratio.

Form stacks

Each hemoglobin molecule contains. a. one heme group. b. four alpha chains. c. four iron ions. d. one alpha and one beta chain. e. two heme groups

Four iron ions

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that? a. she has fewer red blood cells than normal. b. she may be suffering from a form of leukemia. c. her hematocrit is probably lower than normal. d. her hemoglobin level is normal. e. she is suffering from anemia.

Her hemoglobin level is normal

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? a. antibodies are one type b. releases histamine c. often elevated in allergic individuals d. hormone that regulates blood cell formation e. kills bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals

Hormone that regulates blood cell formation

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are? a. phagocytic. b. granular leukocytes. c. round cells with lobed nuclei. d. active in fighting bacterial infections. e. important in coagulation.

Important in coagulation

Which of the following is not true of basophils? a. constitute about 1 percent of WBCs b. promote inflammation c. granules contain histamine d. increased production during parasitic infections e. contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain

Increased production during parasitic infections

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors? a. A b. B c. K d. D e. E

K

If bile ducts are blocked, which of the following would not occur? a. less hemolysis would occur b. yellow color of the sclera c. bilirubin appears in the skin d. more bilirubin appears in the plasma e. increased jaundice

Less hemolysis would occur

Compare the types of cells that lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells produce. a. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells give rise to all the formed elements except lymphocytes. b. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to all the formed elements except lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes. c. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to the white blood cells and the red blood cells. Myeloid stem cells give rise to the platelets. d. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to all of the white blood cells and platelets. Myeloid stem cells give rise to the red blood cells. e. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to all of the white blood cells. Myeloid stem cells give rise to the red blood cells and platelets.

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells give rise to all the formed elements except lymphocytes.

A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a a. hemophilia b. jaundice c. pernicious anemia d. lymphoid leukemia e. myeloid leukemia

Myeloid leukemia

Which type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut? a. eosinophil b. neutrophil c. lymphocyte d. basophil e. monocyte

Neutrophil

Identify the five types of white blood cells. a. astrocytes, microglial cells, Kuppfer cells, lymphocytes, and ependymal cells b. mast cells, dendritic cells, erythrocytes, platelets, and basophils c. plasma cells, memory B cells, memory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells d. monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes e. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

Does an Rh + mother carrying an Rh ‒ fetus require a RhoGAM injection? Explain your answer. a. No, she will not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs contain Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma has anti-Rh antibodies. b. Yes, she will require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma has anti-Rh antibodies. c. Yes, she will require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies. d. Yes, she will require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is at risk because its RBCs contain Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma has anti-Rh antibodies. e. No, she will not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies.

No, she will not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies

Overall, the most common blood type is a. A b. B c. AB d. O e. There is no common pattern of blood type distribution

O

Compare oxyhemoglobin with deoxyhemoglobin. a. Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen. b. Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound both oxygen and carbon dioxide. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen only. c. Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. d. Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen only. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound both oxygen and carbon dioxide. e. Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound carbon dioxide. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen.

Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen.

A person's blood type is determined largely by the? a. size of the RBCs b. shape of the RBCs c. volume of the RBCs d. presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. e. chemical character of the hemoglobin

Presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Which of the following is not a function of blood? a. transport of nutrients and wastes b. produce hormones c. transport of body heat d. transport of gases e. defense against toxins and pathogens

Produces hormones

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of? a. nitrogen wastes b. water c. electrolytes d. proteins e. glucose

Proteins

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is a. excreted by the intestines b. stored in yellow bone marrow c. excreted by the kidneys d. excreted by the liver e. recycled to red bone marrow

Recycled to red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in? a. red bone marrow. b. lymphoid tissue. c. yellow bone marrow. d. the liver. e. the spleen

Red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the? a. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin b. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium c. release of heparin from the liver d. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue e. activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen

Release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as? a. myeloid cells b. band forms c. reticulocytes d. hemocytoblasts e. proerythroblasts

Reticulocytes

A condition where pathogens are present and multiplying in the blood is called? a. viremia b. hemophilia c. septicemia d. bacteremia e. anemia

Septicemia

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to? a. the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs. b. spontaneous miscarriage of a woman's first baby due to blood incompatibilities. c. the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the mother's RBCs. d. the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the mother's RBCs. e. the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs

The mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O - blood? a. They can receive only O- blood. b. AB+, AB-, O+, O- c. They can receive any type of Rh negative blood. d. They can receive any type of blood. e. O+ and O-

They can receive only O- blood

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except? a. the ability to neutralize acids. b. the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. c. deep red color. d. viscosity about the same as water. e. a built-in system for clotting.

Viscosity about the same as water

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? a. vitamin K deficiency b. lack of intrinsic factor c. vitamin B12 deficiency d. iron deficiency e. vitamin B6 deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called? a. serum b. whole blood. c. packed blood. d. extracellular fluid. e. lymph

Whole blood