lesson 5: structure of sentences?

Wh-interrogatives

- egins with wh-word - open-ended answer What are you doing? Where do you live? Who is playing in the Super Bowl? What is the meaning of this? Which songs do you like best?

alternative interrogatvies

- questions that provide two or more atlernatives, choices Would you prefer chocolate or vanilla ice cream? Should I call or email you? Do you want coffee, tea, or soda?

what types of verbs are allowed to come before subject?

finite auxiliaries or operators

let's not get carried away what kinda sentence is this

imperative (let's is not a subject)

whose is what kinda word

interrogative determiner

Wh word is what kind of word

interrogative pronoun

structure of imperatives

lacks a subject eg. Have another biscuit.

synonym for auxiliary

operator

typesof interrogatives

- alternative (whats that, a pony?) - yes no (is it a pony?) - wh interrogative

tag question s

- attaced to end of declarative staatement - transform declarative --> interrogative You live in the city, don't you? We need to get going now, don't we? There's a game on today, isn't there? You're coming to the party, aren't you?

structure of tag questions

Declarative structure + operator + reverse polarity + Subject in pronoun form

echoes

Echo structures are a variation of the wh-question, but without the word order change. The meaning of echoes is usually exclamatory, as in Declarative:Rambo has just eaten an avocado pear from the vegetable rack. The corresponding echo:Rambo has just eaten what? You will find more examples of the different types of echoes pertaining to each of the sentence types described in this lesson in B&B: 5.6.

4 illuctionary forces

Statements, which we use when we want to tell the hearer or reader something; Questions, which we use when we ask the hearer or reader for information about or (dis)confirmation of something; Directives, which we use when we want to tell someone to do something, ranging from giving commands, making requests, giving instructions or issuing prohibitions to granting permission and giving advice; Exclamations, which we use when we express our (pleasant or unpleasant) surprise about something.

polarity interrogatives

subject/operator inversion y/no answers