Lesson 7 Practice Quiz

a. a self-fulfilling prophecy

what did Robert Merton call a prediction that came true only because the prediction was made? a. a self-fulfilling prophecy b. a labeling prophecy c. a Thomas prediction d. a sociological prediction e. a defining prophecy

a. how people manage their stigmatized identities on an everyday basis

what aspects of stigma are symbolic interactionists interested in? a. how people manage their stigmatized identities on an everyday basis b. how stigma is related to the animal world c. which stigmas are fair and which are unjustly applied d. how stigma always leads to positive life outcomes e. all of the above

b. stigmatized identities change over time

when the suburb of Lakewood, California was first built in 1950, it refused to sell houses to Jewish families, as well as African Americans and Hispanics. however, within a few years, the developers reversed the policy and started selling homes to families regardless of religious faith or ethnicity. what does this tell us about stigma? a. stigma is only a problem on areas where money is involved b. stigmatized identities change over time c. stigmatized identities can be overcome through passing d. people with stigmatized identities usually become "outsiders" who embrace their deviance e. stigma leaves permanent marks on those it affects

d. in-group cohesion

according to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who don't believe that they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people comfortable have: a. desistance b. out-group orientation c. deviance plus d. in-group orientation e. self-esteem

a. they want the thrill of getting away with breaking the rules

according to Jack Katz in Seductions of Crime, why might teenagers shoplift? a. they want the thrill of getting away with breaking the rules b. young people are inherently predisposed to crime c. they feel strain between their means and the goals society tells them are desirable d. they come from a low socioeconomic class e. society tells them they should achieve material success, but they don't have the means to achieve this goal in conventional ways

c. they regard "getting away with it" as a demonstration of personal competence

according to Jack Katz, there are several reasons why adolescents might shoplift, the first being the material appeal of the objects that are taken, but most importantly: a. they are often carrying out a vendetta against a particular store or small business owner b. it's a cure for the perpetual poverty of teenagers c. they regard "getting away with it" as a demonstration of personal competence d. they usually need to make money by selling the objects they steal e. they can gain entrance to gangs if they ate successful

c. as a way of targeting groups who threaten society's elites

according to conflict theory, why are vagrancy laws passed? a. to improve public health by preventing the spread of disease b. to ensure that someone is paying attention to the homeless so they receive help and assistance from the government c. as a way of targeting groups who threaten society's elites d. to prevent the sort of crime that is often associated with vagrant populations e. because the working poor demand them, as their communities are the most likely to have vagrant populations

true

according to labeling theory, the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity

b. once a person has been labeled "mentally ill," it is very hard for anyone to see past that label

according to labeling theory, why were none of the pseudopatients in David Rosenham's "On Being Same in Insane Places" discovered? a. they were too "clean-cut" to be considered mentally ill b. once a person has been labeled "mentally ill," it is very hard for anyone to see past that label c. they were well coached in the symptoms real patients would experience d. they all were really mentally ill, at least to some extent e. psychiatry is not a real science

d. a friend or relative

according to the Uniform Crime Report, murder is most likely to be committed by: a. someone over the age of forty b. a gang member c. a stranger d. a friend or relative e. a dating partner

true

according to the sociologist Howard Becker, there are no inherently deviant acts, only societal reactions to acts that make them deviant

a. this sort of deviance produces a rush of energy and excitement

construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people, teenage boys, steal orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones. according to Jack Katz, why does this sort of deviance happen? a. this sort of deviance produces a rush of energy and excitement b. this sort of deviance is often motivated by a genuine need for the construction materials stolen c. the thieves find these aesthetically appealing but don't know where to buy them d. the thieves are afflicted with a psychological disorder like kleptomania, which compels them to steal e. the thieves are usually planning on reselling the materials on the black market

a. Moral and Sensual Attractions of Doing Evil

given Jack Katz's theory of crime, what do you think would be the best subtitle for his book Seductions of Crime? a. Moral and Sensual Attractions of Doing Evil b. Pursuits and Careers of Persistent Thieves c. Social Structure and Anomie d. The World of the New Urban Poor e. Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives of Delinquent Boys

e. instances where a rule violation is, or seems to be, an admirable act that should be supported

how do sociologists define positive deviance? a. deviance that actively harms someone physically b. deviance that is active and is openly embraced c. deviance that relates to a criminal record d. the form of acts that come with secondary deviance e. instances where a rule violation is, or seems to be, an admirable art that should be supported

d. yes, it would be in the United States, though there are other cultures that would consider it normal or desirable

imagine that a powerful and influential person decided to heavily tattoo her own face with symbols and images that told parts of her life story. would she be treated as a deviant? a. no, there are several cultures where this sort of behavior is very common b. yes, any culture would consider that to be a deviant act c. yes, but there would be no negative reaction for fear of causing offense d. yes, it would be in the United States, though there are other cultures that would consider it normal or desirable e. no, powerful people are often allowed to do things others find strange

d. it was considered symbolically appropriate to remove the part of the body most directly connected with the crime

in colonial America, a pickpocket might have had a hand cut off as punishment. why was this particular method of punishment chosen? a. it was easy and convenient b. it allows an offender to start his life over by moving to a new community and claiming that he lost his hand in an accident c. the hand is a part of the body that can usually be safely amputated without risk of infection d. it was considered symbolically appropriate to remove part of the body most directly connected to the crime e. it was considered one of the most painful punishments that could be administered

d. double dipping is still deviant whenever it receives a negative reaction

in the United States today, many people are bothered by "double dipping," or dipping food you have already taken a bite of into a sauce others are using. Mythbusters examined double dipping and found that the risk of sharing germs is negligible. is double dipping still deviant? a. double dipping is always, under all circumstances, a deviant act b. now that the myth has been debunked, double dipping is no longer deviant c. double dipping is still a deviant act, as it's considered rude even if no one cares about it or reacts to it d. double dipping is still deviant whenever it receives a negative reaction e. even though many people still get angry about double dipping, it was never really deviant because it's harmless

e. it helps to promote social cohesion, as our society can come together in shared anger at a relatively small group of outsiders

many Americans are outraged by the number of illegal immigrants who enter the country every year, despite the fact that some studies show that such immigrants are, on the whole, economically beneficial. what function would this anger serve in our society? a. it helps to teach the illegal immigrants a lesson, rehabilitating them so they can return to their own countries as productive citizens b. it ensures that most business owners will never employ illegal immigrants c. it helps to punish people who violate immigration laws, as widespread anger makes it easier to pass harsh immigration laws d. it completely prevents illegal immigration e: it helps to promote social cohesion, as our society can come together in shared anger at a relatively small group of outsiders

d. differential association

the parents of a deviant child often want to find some way to excuse their offspring's behavior, and it's common to hear them say, "he just fell in with a bad crowd." which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation most closely resemble? a. self-fulfilling prophecy b. in-group orientation c. labeling theory d. differential association e. structural strain theory

true

the sociologist David Matza argues that sociologists who study deviance mist try to avoid moral judgements, no matter what sort of individuals or situations they encounter

b. crime

traditionally, most of the sociological literature on deviance focuses on: a. political corruption b. crime c. the emotional appeal of deviant acts d. the extremely wealthy e. mental illness

a. as women have gained greater power in the labor market, female arrest rates have increased

what evidence shows that the number of women who commit crimes is related to social structure? a. as women have gained greater power in the labor market, female arrest rates have increased b. female arrest rates have remained remarkably steady over the course of American history c. women and men tend to be arrested at an equal rate d. male and female arrest rates tend to change at about the same rate e. there are approximately as many women in prison as men

a. earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons

what is one reason imprisonment was such a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century? a. earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons b. earlier societies were crueler and therefore more accepting of harsh physical punishment c. earlier societies believed that physical punishments like branding were more likely to deter future crime d. earlier societies had much less crime and so did not require any particular system of punishment e. earlier societies believed that punishments like shunning and banishment were more humane

d. to make comparisons in crime rates between years and geographic regions

what is the Uniform Crime Report used for? a. to assign federal law enforcement funding to different areas b. to understand sentencing guidelines as they relate to race and class c. to understand all the norm violations that occur d. to make comparisons in crime rates between years and geographic regions e. to understand the interplay of taboos and mores

e. the other patients

which group of people within the hospital were able to tell that the pseudopatients in David Rosenham's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" were not actually mentally ill? a. the orderlies b. the medical interns c. the nursing staff d. only the older, more experienced doctors e. the other patients

d. wearing shoes that don't match

which kinds of departures from the norm wouldn't necessarily have a stigmatizing effect on an individual's identity? a. mental illness b. having served time in jail c. physical disability d. wearing shoes that don't match e. alcohol addiction

e. reimbursement of the victim

which of the following is NOT a justification for punishment in the United States today? a. retribution for the crime b. rehabilitation of the criminal c. incapacitation of the criminal d. preventing crime in the future e. reimbursement of the victim

b. why societies historically developed bureaucracies

which of the following is NOT one of the topics that is examined when sociologists study deviance? a. how norms and rules are created b. why societies historically developed bureaucracies c. who is subject to the rules and how violations are identified d. how people who violate rules and norms see themselves e. how some norms become especially important in a given society

c. cash register honesty

your professor is almost certainly an honest, upstanding employee who would never steal from her employer. or would she? while it seems very unlikely that she would steal money from the school, it seems more likely that she might use the photocopy machine to make personal copies, a practice that could be described as: a. structural strain b. secondary deviance c. cash register honesty d. deviance avowal e. demographic deviance