Lesson 9

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

Starting in 1954 and gaining popularity in the 1960s, ______________________ were introduced as treatment therapies for psychological disorders.

antipsychotic medications

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies __________ therapy.

biomedical

__________________ therapy involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders.

biomedical

Saying a person has _______________________ means the individual has two or more diagnoses.

comorbid disorders

___________________ is more economical than individual, couples, or family therapy.

group therapy

For much of history, it was believed that __________________ was caused by demonic possession, witchcraft, or an angry god.

mental illness

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralization

Today, instead of asylums, there are __________________ run by state governments and local community hospitals focused on short-term care.

psychiatric hospitals

A popular form of exposure therapy is _____________________, wherein a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli.

systematic desensitization

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ___________.

token economy

___________________ uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior. Therapists apply this technique to eliminate addictive behaviors, such as smoking, nail biting, and drinking.

aversive conditioning

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

_____________________ is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person's thoughts lead to feelings of distress.

cognitive therapy

Statistically, ____________________ tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

ethnic minorities

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard