LIFE 220 Chapter 5, 6 + 7

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A gradual change in phenotype across an environmental gradient, such as white-tailed deer changing gradually in size from large in the north to small in the south, is referred to as

a cline

Squirrels tend to have larger body sizes at higher latitudes. This could be an example of

a cline.

A gene is

a stretch of DNA coding for a polypeptide chain (sequence of amino acids).

Under which of the following conditions would genetic drift exert the greatest influence?

a very small population

The specific traits of a particular organism enabling it to survive, grow, and reproduce within a given environment are called

adaptations.

The Galápagos Islands are inhabited by 13 species of Darwin's finches that evolved from a single species. This is an example of

adaptive radiation.

In photosynthesis, the net uptake of CO2 by a plant is greatest

at the light saturation point.

The ultimate source of carbon from which life is constructed is derived from

atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The pigment that absorbs light energy (photons) in photosynthesis is

chlorophyll.

Plants can reduce water loss by

closing their stomata

The ingestion of fecal material for further extraction of nutrients is referred to as

coprophagy.

Water flows over gills in the opposite direction of blood flow in a process known as

countercurrent exchange

In tiger salamanders one phenotype is cannibalistic while another is not. Both are stable strategies. Which form of selection is best represented by this scenario?

disruptive

Measurements of bill length in a population of seed-eating birds reveals two distinct groups: small-billed individuals feeding on soft-shelled seeds and large-billed individuals feeding on hard-shelled seeds. This bimodal distribution most likely resulted from

disruptive selection.

Plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway are unique from C3 and CAM plants in that they

divide photosynthesis between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.

An allele that completely masks the effect of another allele is considered

dominant.

The regulation of body temperature exclusively from the external environment is referred to as

ectothermy

CAM plants

fix carbon dioxide during the night.

The movement of genes between populations is referred to as

gene flow.

Some species of animals in cold environments lower the freezing point of water in their tissues by increasing solutes in their body fluids, especially

glycerol

Long-distance transport of oxygen to the cells of animals is facilitated by the

heart.

What is the primary original source of genetic variation in a population?

mutation

Animals that feed on both plant and animal tissues are referred to as

omnivores

Which of the following factors does not influence animal heat exchange?

oxygen diffusion rate

The gene pool refers to all of the genetic information within a

population.

Natural selection is visible at the level of

populations

Unlike terrestrial plants, submerged aquatic plants lack

stomata.

Geographic isolates of a particular species that differ from other populations by one or more characteristics are considered to be

subspecies.

An advantage of homeothermy is

that it allows the organism to remain active in a wide range of external temperatures.

A CO2 gradient between the inside and outside of a leaf is maintained during photosynthesis because

the CO2concentration in the mesophyll is constantly decreasing.

The value of photosynthetically active radiation above which no further increase in photosynthesis occurs is referred to as

the light saturation point.

Identical twin raccoons are raised in different environments and yet behave very differently. This is an example of

the norm of reaction.

An animal has a very thin layer of insulation between its body core and surface causing it to have a very high ________.

thermal conductivity

The movement of water from an area of high potential to lower potential is known as

water potential.

Individual beak size of individual finches of the Galápagos Islands

will greatly influence individual survival.


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