Lifeguarding

Submerged Victim in Deep Water. Drag the steps into the correct order.

(1) Release the rescue tube, perform a feet-first surface dive and position yourself behind the victim. (2) Reach one arm under the victim's arm and across the victim's chest. Hold firmly onto the victim's opposite side. (3) Reach up with your free hand and grasp the towline, pull it down and place it in your other hand. Pull the towline while nearing the surface. (4) As you approach the surface, grasp and position the rescue tube so it is placed on the victim's back, below their shoulders. (5) Upon reaching the surface, ensure that the victim is positioned on the rescue tube and the victim's head is back in an open-airway position. (6) Reach your free arm over the tube and under the victim's armpit. Grasp their shoulder firmly. (7) Tow the victim to a safe exit point. Remove the victim from the water, assess the victim's condition and provide appropriate care.

Assume you are approaching a face-down victim from behind with the rescue tube across your chest. Drag the rest of the steps for a passive victim rear rescue into the correct order.

(1) With both arms, reach under the victim's armpits and grasp the shoulders firmly. You may be high on the victim's back when doing this. (2) Using your chest squeeze the rescue tube between your chest and the victim's back. (3) Keep your head to one side to avoid being hit by the victim's head of it moves backwards. (4) Roll the victim over by dipping your shoulder and rolling onto your back so that the victim is face-up on top of the rescue tube. (5) Place the tube under the victim below the shoulders so that the victim's head naturally falls back to an open-airway position. (6) Reach one arm over the victim's shoulder and grasp the rescue tube. Then use your other hand to stroke toward an exit point. (7) Extricate the victim from the water, assess the victim's condition and provide appropriate care.

You are conducting an opening facility check and you find a loose bolt on a pool ladder. What should you do? (A) Fix the problem by seeing that the bolt is tightened properly, then document and report the loose bolt. (B) Test the ladder's strength to ensure it may still be able to work properly. Consider the large number of patrons you might have coming to the pool today. (C) Make note of the location of the ladder so the facility manager can be informed once you have a chance like during a scheduled break. (D) Request that the facility maintenance staff check the bolt that evening after the facility closes.

(A) Fix the problem by seeing that the bolt is tightened properly, then document and report the loose bolt. If you find an unsafe condition, you should correct it before the facility opens, if possible. Record any incidents in the daily log or on the appropriate form or report. Be sure to identify the specific ladder and bolt. If you cannot correct the problem, inform a supervisor immediately.

What does an understanding of the drowning process mean for you as a lifeguard? (A) Practicing emergency care skills frequently and staying alert to recognize the signs of drowning will allow you to respond quickly and with confidence in an emergency. (B) Knowing that many variables are out of your control will affect the outcome of a drowning emergency. (C) Knowing CPR allows you to provide care for victims of cardiac arrest.

(A) Practicing emergency care skills frequently and staying alert to recognize the signs of drowning will allow you to respond quickly and with confidence in an emergency. To give a victim the greatest chance of survival, you must recognize when a person is in danger of drowning. The sooner the drowning process is stopped by getting the victim's airway out of the water, opening the airway and providing resuscitation, the better the chance for survival without permanent brain damage.

What is the difference between searching and watching? (A) Searching is deliberate and proactive and requires that your mind is alert. Watching is passive and reactive. (B) Watching is deliberate and proactive and requires that your mind is alert. Searching is passive and reactive.

(A) Searching is deliberate and proactive and requires that your mind is alert. Watching is passive and reactive. That's right! Searching is deliberate and proactive, while watching is passive and reactive. Always make sure you search; don't watch.

Which rescue technique should you use for a victim submerged in deep water? (A) Submerged victim in deep water (B) Active victim rear resuce (C) Submerged victim in shallow water (D) Active victim front rescue

(A) Submerged victim in deep water The submerged victim in deep water would be the rescue to use because the victim is submerged in deep water.

Why should you wear the hip pack at all times, whether or not you are on surveillance duty? (A) To be prepared to respond to an emergency at all times. (B) So patrons can recognize you as a lifeguard at all times. (C) So you have a place to keep personal items at all times.

(A) To be prepared to respond to an emergency at all times. You should always have your hip pack on you while on duty.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No alcoholic beverages or other drug use allowed. Reason: The use of alcohol and drugs is illegal at an aquatic facility.

Fiction The real reason is that the use of alcohol and drugs can impair a patron's judgement, balance and motor skills.

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Know what to look for to determine if a victim is in trouble in the water.

True

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Maintain an active, rescue-ready posture; actively search your zone, don't just watch.

True

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Stay alert, attentive and focused.

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a weak or non-swimmer? True or False? Bobbing in or near water over their head.

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a weak or non-swimmer? True or False? Clinging to something or struggling to grab something to stay afloat.

True

What factors could influence the amount of time it might take lifeguards to perform a water rescue, extricate a victim and begin lifesaving care? True or False? Depth of the water

True

What instinctive drowning response behaviors would you see in a drowning victim who is struggling at or near the surface? True or False? Struggles to keep the face above water in an effort to breathe.

True

You are getting ready to start your shift. As you check you hip pack, you notice that you only have resuscitation masks. What are you missing? (A) Phone and gum (B) Gloves and protective eyewear (C) Gloves

(C) Gloves You should have gloves and resuscitation masks at all times.

As a lifeguard, what can you do to assist management in addressing unsafe conditions? (A) Report any unsafe conditions. (B) Take action to limit use of an unsafe area. (C) Address and correct unsafe conditions. (D) All of the above

(D) All of the above As a lifeguard, you can do a lot to assist management in addressing unsafe conditions. Report, take action and correct.

What are some common rules that you will review for the safe use of the diving boards? (A) Only one person on the diving board at a time. (B) Look before diving or jumping to make sure the diving area is clear. (C) Swim immediately to the closest ladder or wall. (D) All of the above.

(D) All of the above. All of these are common rules for the safe use of diving boards.

Which of these steps are incorrect? (A) Size up the scene to be sure that it is safe to help the victim. (B) Summon EMS personnel. (C) Move the victim to fresh air. (D) Care for life-threatening conditions. (E) Monitor the victim's condition and watch for changes in LOC. (F) If the victim is responsive, keep them comfortable. (G) All of these steps are correct.

(G) All of these steps are correct. All of these statements are correct.

Zone Test Drills: Lifeguard Stations Response Time Test What changes might be made to improve?

Changes might need to be made to reduce the response time. These improvements might include: Changes to the zone, such as size and shape, might be needed. Emergency equipment may need to be moved closer, such as a backboard, AED or BVM. An emergency backup responder may need to change their location to be able to provide assistance quicker.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Pregnant women and young children should seek their doctor's approval before using a spa or hot tub. Reason: The potential for hyperthermia is a danger for pregnant women and young children because they are less able to tolerate heat.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Shower with soap and water before entering the water. Reason: The temperature of the hot tub creates an environment where germs can thrive. Washing with soap and water can help keep the hot tub clean and safe for all.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

What care should you provide for a victim possibly having a heart attack? True or False? Put the victim in a size-lying recovery position.

False

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Stay in tubes at all times. Reason: Stray tubes can effect the flow of water.

Fiction The real reason is that stray tubes obstruct a lifeguard's view of patrons who are not riding on tubes. Lifeguards are trained to suspect problems when tubes are floating without riders.

While conducting patron surveillance, a patron, who has just exited from the locker and shower area, tells you that there is spilled shampoo in the locker room and the floor is very slippery. How should you respond? (A) "Thank you for letting me know. I am conducting surveillance right now and can't leave my station. Can you please find someone else to clean it up?" (B) "Thank you for bringing that to my attention. Which locker room is it in and what is the exact location of the spill? I'll have someone clean it up right away." (C) "I can't leave my station right now. I have to scan the pool and watch the patrons in my zone. I'll call facility maintenance on my next break." (D) "Thanks. I'm sorry you almost fell. I hate how people don't clean up their own messes. I'll take care of it during my break in 10 minutes."

(B) "Thank you for bringing that to my attention. Which locker room is it in and what is the exact location of the spill? I'll have someone clean it up right away." In this case, you would then blow your whistle to have a back-up lifeguard or supervisor check on the issue since you are on surveillance duty. You should always remain professional and thank the patron for bringing it to your attention. Then clarify the specific location of the safety concern.

In another incident, you are with an injured child but after asking the mother for consent to care, she refuses your offer. You explain why the child needs care and that you are there to help, but the mother continues to refuse care for her son. How should you handle this situation? (A) Ask the mother to leave the facility if she does not want assistance with her child's injuries. Having a crying child on the pool deck will be distracting for other patrons. (B) Ask another lifeguard to observe the mother refusing care and document it on an incident report. (C) Care for the child since they obviously need first aid and the mother is refusing to provide care. (D) Leave the mother and child alone because they clearly do not want help.

(B) Ask another lifeguard to observe the mother refusing care and document it on an incident report. You must document any refusal of care. Someone else, such as another lifeguard, should witness the person's refusal of care and sign the incident report as a witness. If the person who refuses is willing, have them sign the report as well.

True or False: You should begin performing chest compressions and ventilations at a rate of 30 and 2, with each compression about 1 in in depth, at 5 compressions per minute. (A) True (B) False

(B) False For an adult, compressions should be at least 2 inches deep but not more than 2.4 inches and you should perform at least 100 compressions per minute to a maximum of 120 compressions per minute to ensure adequate circulation.

The victim is on a flat, dry surface, and the assisting responder arrives on the scene with an AED. True or False: Next, the assisting responder should place the AED pads on the victim and tell everyone to stand clear while the AED analyzes the victim's heart rhythm. (A) True (B) False

(B) False This victim was just pulled from the water, so one rescuer should give two ventilations while the assisting rescuer drys the victim's chest before applying the AED pads

Are any of these steps incorrect? (A) Rinse the victim's mouth with cold tap water, if available. (B) Have the victim lean back or lay on their stomach. (C) Try to prevent the victim from swallowing the blood, which could cause nausea or vomiting. (D) Apply a dressing.

(B) Have the victim lean back or lay on their stomach. This statement is incorrect. Have the victim lean slightly forward or place the victim on their side.

Which technique is used for performing manual in-line stabilization for victims in the water? (A) Chin-lift technique (B) Head splint technique (C) Chest compression technique (D) Encircling thumbs technique

(B) Head splint technique This is the proper technique for performing in-line stabilization for victims in the water.

How might unprofessional behaviors prevent lifeguards from fulfilling their responsibilities? (A) If lifeguards are not scanning actively, they might miss a signal from their manager to end their shift. (B) If lifeguards are not alert, equipped and rescue ready, they might not be able to recognize or safely respond to an emergency. (C) If lifeguards are not using alert posture at their station, they might get a cramp and become distracted.

(B) If lifeguards are not alert, equipped and rescue ready, they might not be able to recognize or safely respond to an emergency. As a lifeguard, your primary responsibility is to prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at your facility. You can't do that effectively if you are not alert, equipped and rescue ready.

There is a teenager who's about to go down the waterslide and asks you if you'll allow them to go down the slide on their stomach, head-first. In which position should you allow the teenager to go down the waterslide? (A) Allow the patron to go down the slide on their stomach, but feet-first. (B) Insist that the patron goes down face-up and feet-first. (C) Allow the patron to go do head-first on their stomach.

(B) Insist that the patron goes down face-up and feet-first. If no equipment is used, the proper riding position typically is face-up and feet-first.

You have identified a drowning victim who is not struggling, and need to act immediately. You are standing at the edge of the pool where the water is 5 feet deep. What type of entry should you use to get into the water? (A) Compact Jump (B) Stride Jump (C) Slide-In Entry

(B) Stride Jump Because the water is at least 5 feet deep and you are standing at the edge of the pool, the stride jump is the best entry method.

You are seated in an elevated lifeguard station and there is a glare on the surface of the water, making it difficult for you to see. What should you do? (A) Get down from the chair and adjust your position so you can see all areas of your zone, or reposition your lifeguard station. (B) While maintaining surveillance, get down from the chair and adjust your position so you can see all areas of your zone, or reposition your lifeguard station with permission from your supervisor. (C) Ask another lifeguard to join your surveillance area from another position. (D) Ask for supervisor or an off-duty lifeguard to reposition your lifeguard station during your next break.

(B) While maintaining surveillance, get down from the chair and adjust your position so you can see all areas of your zone, or reposition your lifeguard station with permission from your supervisor. Maintain surveillance while repositioning yourself to be able to see all areas of your zone.

Which statement should you use to inform patrons about their risky behaviors? (A) "Excuse me. If you dive into shallow water, you might hit your head on the bottom and get injured." (B) "Excuse me. If you want to dive, please go to the deep end of the pool where it is safe." (C) "Excuse me. Diving into shallow water is dangerous and can cause a head injury. Please use the deep end."

(C) "Excuse me. Diving into shallow water is dangerous and can cause a head injury. Please use the deep end." This response explains the danger of diving into shallow water and also gives a safe alternative of using the deep end.

You will be working a private rental at your facility for families with children of all ages from your local athletic association. You will be doing a safety orientation for the group. Who will you be instructing during the orientation and what items will you be sure to cover? (A) All members of the group; where the nearest snack bar is and when it closes. (B) Only chaperones; general aquatic safety rules, equipment, operational information and swimming area sections. (C) All members of the group; general aquatic safety rules, equipment, operational information and swimming area sections. (D) Only chaperones; How to enter the water in case of an emergency.

(C) All members of the group; general aquatic safety rules, equipment, operational information and swimming area sections. You will be instructing all members of the group during orientation and covering general water safety rules, equipment, operational information and swimming area sections.

Are any of these steps incorrect? (A) Stop the burning by removing the person from the source of the burn. (B) Cool the burned area with large amount of cool or cold tap water for at least 10 minutes. (C) Cover the burned area tightly with a sterile dressing. (D) Monitor the victim for hypothermia when cooling large burns.

(C) Cover the burned area tightly with a sterile dressing. This is an incorrect statement. The burned area should be loosely covered, not tightly covered.

If someone is displaying signs and symptoms of shock, summon EMS personnel immediately. Which step is incorrect when caring for someone who is in shock? (A) Watch for changes in the victim's LOC and control any external bleeding. (B) Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated. (C) Have the victim stand or sit in a chair. (D) Cover the victim with a blanket to prevent loss of body heat.

(C) Have the victim stand or sit in a chair. You identified the incorrect step. You should have the victim lie flat on their back. Also remember that you should not give food or drink to a victim of shock, even if the victim asks for them.

During the water competency sequence, one child is able to float on their back for 30 seconds and swim 25 yards, but is too exhausted to climb out of the pool at the edge and needs to use the ladder. Would this child be permitted to swim in the deep end? Why or why not? (A) No; The child must obtain verbal consent from a parent or guardian before going in the deep end. (B) Yes; The child successfully completed a majority of the steps in the water competency sequence. (C) No; To successfully complete the water competency sequence, this child would have needed to complete all five steps of the sequence including floating or treading water for 1 minute, not 30 seconds, and exiting the water without using a ladder. (D) No; To successfully complete the water competency sequences, this child would have needed to complete all five steps of the sequence including floating or treading water for 3 minutes, not 30 seconds.

(C) No; To successfully complete the water competency sequence, this child would have needed to complete all five steps of the sequence including floating or treading water for 1 minute, not 30 seconds, and exiting the water without using a ladder. This child did not tread water for enough time, no did they exit without using a ladder.

What should you do if the number of patrons increases in your zone and you feel unable to adequately provide surveillance? (A) Increase level of focus and scan the water faster to ensure you are looking at each area of the zone multiple times each minute. (B) Scan only the areas where non-swimmers or weak swimmers are swimming. (C) Signal for assistance for another lifeguard to help cover the zone. (D) Ask your manager if you can rotate to a zone where you will be able to provide better surveillance.

(C) Signal for assistance for another lifeguard to help cover the zone. The best way to ensure adequate surveillance is to get an additional lifeguard to assist with the zone.

After you warn the child about running, they run anyway, and slip, injuring their arm. The child is crying hysterically and their arm is bleeding badly. The child's mother arrives on the scene. What should you do first in this situation? (A) Assist the mother in providing care for the child in order to avoid liability. (B) Ask if the child has had any previous injuries at this facility. (C) State your name and level of training and ask if you can help the child by explaining what you think is wrong and what you will do to provide care.

(C) State your name and level of training and ask if you can help the child by explaining what you think is wrong and what you will do to provide care. The law requires you to provide all of this information and obtain consent before providing care.

A 3-year-old child is running around the pool deck. You have a duty to act to prevent injuries. What should you do? (A) Avoid liability by finding the child's parents to tell them to stop running. (B) Keep an eye on the child so that if something happens, you will be able to respond. (C) Tell the child to walk on the deck, and explain that they could get hurt if they slip and fall.

(C) Tell the child to walk on the deck, and explain that they could get hurt if they slip and fall. It is your duty as a lifeguard to try to prevent injuries by explaining the danger to the child. If you hadn't tried to stop the child from running and they got hurt, you could be found negligent.

You are on duty and see a swimmer struggling at the surface in your zone of surveillance. You enter the water with your rescue tube and approach the victim from behind while keeping the victim in sight. Which rescue technique should you use for a swimmer struggling at the surface? (A) Active victim front rescue (B) Submerged victim in shallow water (C) Submerged victim in deep water (D) Active victim rear rescue

(D) Active victim rear rescue The passive victim rear rescue should be used for a drowning victim who is at or near the surface who is facing away from you.

What should be included in an orientation session for new lifeguards at a facility? (A) Job responsibilities and facility rules that need to be enforced (B) Facility operations and facility-specific protocols (C) Management's expectations and the locations and types of safety equipment (D) All of the above

(D) All of the above All of these topics should be covered in an orientation session.

You are guarding multiple activities at the pool, in addition to an organized group of 30 preschool-aged children with four group leaders. In general, what should you ensure and be aware of while guarding the activity? (A) Ensure swimming areas are clearly marked and that patrons stay in sections appropriate for their abilities. (B) Provide U.S. Coast Guard - approved life jackets for weak or non-swimmers. (C) Know how to identify group leaders or chaperones, ensure these leaders are actively supervising the group, and signal for additional lifeguard coverage if you feel you cannot cover you zone. (D) All of the above.

(D) All of the above. All of the above actions are critical when guarding for group activities.

Steps for caring for someone who has been exposed to poisonous substance: (A) Remove exposed clothing and jewelry and immediately rinse the exposed area thoroughly with water for 20 minutes. (B) If a rash or wet blisters develop, advise the victim to see their healthcare professional. (C) If the condition spreads to large areas of the body or face, have the victim seek medical attention. (D) All of these steps are correct.

(D) All of these steps are correct. All of these steps are correct for someone who has been exposed to a poisonous substance.

One of the realities of being a lifeguard is that sometimes accidents do happen. You have failed to stop a young boy that ran by your station before he fell and hit his head. Because you did not try to stop the child from running and then the child got hurt, what legal principle could be a problem for you now or in the future? (A) Confidentiality (B) Refusal of Care (C) Consent (D) Negligence

(D) Negligence When a person is injured because lifeguards failed to control or stop any behaviors that could result in injury, the lifeguards may be considered negligent.

A group of children enter your zone. They are all weak swimmers. Although there are not many children, you feel that you are not able to watch the area adequately. What should you do? (A) Ask some of the caregivers to remove some of the children from the water, then rotate them in and out so you can maintain effective surveillance. (B) Walk around in the pool with the children to more accurately assess their behaviors. (C) Blow you whistle frequently to make sure the patrons in your area are paying attention. (D) Signal for assistance for another lifeguard to help cover the zone.

(D) Signal for assistance for another lifeguard to help cover the zone. Adequate surveillance is your main priority, and if you are unable to watch the area adequately, you should get assistance from another lifeguard.

What should be included in a review orientation and training? (A) Lifeguarding (B) CPR/AED (C) First Aid (D) Facility Specific Protocols (E) All of the above

(E) All of the above All of these topics should be covered in a preseason session.

Zone Test Drills: Ask Drills How is the drill conducted?

A supervisor places an object, such as a manikin or silhouette, or a "live" victim in various locations, including the surface and bottom of the water. The supervisor asks the lifeguard if they can see the object. The lifeguard determines if the object is something that would cause them to respond.

Zone Test Drills: Lifeguard Stations Response Time Test What is the measure of success?

Any lifeguard should be able to reach a victim in each zone and rescue a submerged, passive victim, extricate and provide ventilations quickly - not to exceed 1.5 minutes.

Zone Test Drills: Ask Drills What are Ask Drills?

Ask Drills are used to identify what lifeguards can and cannot see from each lifeguard station at the top, middle, and bottom of the water.

Zone Test Drills: Live Recognition Drills How is the drill conducted?

Conduct a surprise "victim" drop. Live recognition drills occur during operational hours, and the lifeguard should not be aware of the introduction of a victim into their zone. Suitable victims include a mixture of real people and manikins or silhouettes. Observe and evaluate. The supervisor observes the drill and records the length of time for the lifeguard to recognize and reach the victim.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Designated age, height or weight requirements for using an attraction. Reason: Age, height or weight requirements ensure that patrons can safely enjoy the attraction.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Dive only in designated areas and no diving in shallow water. Reason: Diving head-first in shallow water can result in injuries including head, neck and spinal injuries.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Dive or jump forward, straight out from the diving board. Reason: The areas to each side of the diving board must remain clear to prevent injury. Jumping to the side could result in striking the side of the pool or colliding with another patron.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Limit time in the spa to 10 minutes. Patrons then may shower, cool down and return briefly. Reason: A prolonged stay in the hot tub can cause the internal body temperature to elevate to a range that can result in nausea, dizziness, fainting or hyperthermia.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No fishing near swimming areas. Reason: Fishing hooks and tackle left in swimming areas can present a risk of injury.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No glass containers in the pool area or locker rooms. Reason: Broken glass poses several dangers, including bleeding injuries and exposure to infectious body fluids.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No metal objects, locker keys, jewelry, metal snaps/zippers, eyewear or watches, including metal rivets, buttons or fasteners on swimsuits or shorts. Reason: These items can injure the person riding the waterslide. Sharp objects can scratch or gouge the waterslide, causing rough edges that could hurt others using the slide.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No running, pushing or rough play. Reason: Running, pushing and rough play could cause injury.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No running, stopping, standing, kneeling, rotating or tumbling on the slides. Reason: These behaviors can cause a patron to become more disoriented when riding in the slide or entering the catch pool, creating the potential for injury.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No swimming in unauthorized areas. Reason: Unauthorized areas are not protected by lifeguards and may have hidden hazards, such as underwater obstructions. Watercraft could be present in unauthorized areas, posing a danger to swimmers.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No umbrellas at the waterline. Reason: Beach umbrellas positioned close to the shoreline may obstruct the view of the lifeguard.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Only one patron on the diving board at a time. Reason: By maintaining orderly use of the diving board, such as allowing only one patron on the diving board itself and one patron on the ladder at a time, lifeguards help to create a safer environment.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Swim immediately to the closest ladder or wall. Reason: Clearing the area immediately allows the next patron a clear zone in which to dive.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Swim only when a lifeguard is on duty. Reason: There are inherent risks in aquatic environments, and lifeguards are trained to respond to aquatic emergencies. Statistics indicate that survival rates after emergencies are higher in areas where lifeguards are present.

Fact That is the real reason for the rule.

True or False? A victim with a nosebleed should tilt their head back to stop the bleeding.

False

True or False? An AED cannot be used on a pregnant person.

False

True or False? If a victim is suffering from hypothermia, submerse them in a hot bath.

False

True or False? If a victim swallows a poisonous substance, have them drink milk.

False

True or False? If an animal bite is severely bleeding, clean the wound thoroughly.

False

True or False? Never shock a person who is suffering from traumatic injuries.

False

True or False? Never shock someone who has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker device.

False

True or False? Remove an impaled object so you can properly bandage the wound.

False

True or False? Use alcohol wipes to clean the victim chest.

False

True or False? Continue CPR while the AED is analyzing.

False

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Focus only on non-swimmers or weak swimmers.

False

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Keep an eye out for activity outside of your zone as well as in it.

False

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Keep your head still while scanning with your eyes to remain oriented.

False

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a skilled swimmer? True or False? Being beyond arm's reach of a supervising adult, even if wearing inflatable water wings or swim rings

False

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a skilled swimmer? True or False? Hand-over-hand wall crawling

False

What are the characteristics of a distressed swimmer? True or False? Appears to be doing doggy paddle.

False

What are the characteristics of a distressed swimmer? True or False? Unable to call for help.

False

What are the general steps to take when caring for a sudden illness? True or False? Give the victim something to drink even if they insist they are not thirty.

False

What care should you provide for a victim possibly having a heart attack? True or False? Immediately begin CPR and prepare to use an AED.

False

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Noise levels at the facility

False

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Number of lifeguard stations at the facility

False

What instinctive drowning response behaviors would you see in a drowning victim who is struggling at or near the surface? True or False? Appears to be doing doggy paddle.

False

What instinctive drowning response behaviors would you see in a drowning victim who is struggling at or near the surface? True or False? Floating, sculling or treading water.

False

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Only one bounce allowed on the diving board. Reason: Multiple bounces can damage the board and result in it malfunctioning, which can cause injury to patrons.

Fiction Multiple bounces on the diving board can impact balance or body control and can result in a patron slipping on the board, possibly hitting the diving board on the way in.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Patrons must demonstrate their swimming ability before entering deep water. Reason: Weak swimmers can disrupt the activities of more experienced swimmers trying the exercise in deep water.

Fiction The real reason is that anyone swimming in deep water should be competent, comfortable and able to swim to the side of the pool from any spot in the deep area.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No running and diving head-first into shallow water. Reason: Diving head-first in shallow water could result in a collision with another patron.

Fiction The real reason is that diving head-first in shallow water or under a breaking wave can result in head, neck or spinal injury.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Enter and exit the winding river only at designated places. Reason: Lifeguards need to account for every person that enters the winding river as they move from station to station.

Fiction The real reason is that entrance and exit areas typically are recessed from the winding river, creating an area where the current is minimized and patrons can enter and exit without interfering with patrons in the main current.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: People with certain medical conditions are not allowed to sue the spa or hot tub. Reason: The water chemistry is dangerous for different conditions.

Fiction The real reason is that high temperatures can stress a person's circulatory and energy systems and also can cause problems for some neurological conditions.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: No playing or swimming under piers, rafts, platforms or play structures. Reason: These areas are not included in the lifeguard zone and therefore patrons will not be protected by a lifeguard.

Fiction The real reason is that lifeguards cannot see under these structures. Patrons may surface quickly and injure themselves on these structures without the lifeguard observing them.

Fact or Fiction? Rule: Do not allow anyone to sit or play near the drain or suction fittings. Reason: If the drain is blocked for an extended period of time, excess water could cause the hot tub or therapy pool to overflow.

Fiction The real reason is that the suction has the potential for entrapment (i.e., holding a patron to the drain).

Zone Test Drills: Lifeguard Stations Response Time Test How is the drill conducted?

Lifeguard Supervisors or Red Cross Aquatic Examiners conduct lifeguard station response time tests by: Placing the lifeguard at the station and the support staff where they would normally be. Placing the "victim" in the pre-arranged location (for example, a submerged victim in the farthest corner of the zone). When the lifeguard activates the EAP by blowing the whistle, the time response begins. The time is stopped when the victim has be extricated from the water and 2 ventilations have be given.

Zone Test Drills: Live Recognition Drills What is the measure of success?

Lifeguards recognize the victim, activate the EAP and reach the victim within 30 seconds.

Zone Test Drills: Ask Drills What is the measure of success?

Lifeguards should identify that all areas can be seen or identify if there are any areas of the zone that cannot be seen, or are difficult to see, and then strategize with the supervisor and management about how to make changes, if needed.

Zone Test Drills: Live Recognition Drills What is a live recognition drill?

Live recognition drills help identify the effectiveness of surveillance. These drills ensure that lifeguards can see all areas of the zone, from the bottom through to the surface, and that they can reach the furthest and deepest part of each zone in 30 seconds.

Zone Test Drills: Ask Drills What changes might be made to improve?

Move the lifeguard station Change the lifeguard station (e.g., ground-level to elevated) Change the zone, so as to make the size of the zone smaller or add a lifeguard to a part of the zone, such as to guard a floating feature or provide double coverage during certain activities Change the lighting if possible, to prevent glare - turn off some light at an indoor facility

Zone Test Drills: Live Recognition Drills What changes might be made to improve?

Search the entire zone frequently. If in doubt about whether or not someone is in trouble, go. Take the quickest path to the victim.

Zone Test Drills: Lifeguard Stations Response Time Test What is Lifeguard Station Response Time Testing?

This drill tests only the response time (not the recognition of a victim) for a lifeguard station. This helps supervisors identify if an appropriate response time is possible for each zone.

True or False? A knocked-out tooth can be placed in milk.

True

True or False? Do not use a AED and/or pads designed for adults on an infant or child younger than 8 years of age or weighing less than 55 pounds.

True

True or False? If you see a transdermal medication patch you should use a gloved hand to remove it.

True

True or False? Place a severed body part in an ice and water slurry.

True

What are some conditions that could lead to a patron becoming a passive drowning victim? True or False? Heart attack

True

What are some conditions that could lead to a patron becoming a passive drowning victim? True or False? Hyperventilation and prolonged underwater breath-holding activities

True

What are some conditions that could lead to a patron becoming a passive drowning victim? True or False? Hypothermia

True

What are some conditions that could lead to a patron becoming a passive drowning victim? True or False? Lack of timely rescue of an active victim

True

What are some conditions that could lead to a patron becoming a passive drowning victim? True or False? Stroke

True

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Deliberately and actively search your zone continuously for behaviors that signal that a swimmer needs help.

True

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Move your eyes and head while scanning and look directly at the patron's body movements.

True

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Scan zones continuously, scanning from point to point thoroughly.

True

What are some important factors of effective scanning? True or False? Search all areas of your zone; in and under the water.

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a skilled swimmer? True or False? Breath-holding or swimming underwater for an extended period of time

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a skilled swimmer? True or False? Experiencing a medical emergency, such as a sudden illness

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a skilled swimmer? True or False? Participating in a high-risk/high-impact activity, such as diving

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a weak or non-swimmer? True or False? Being beyond arm's reach of a supervising adult, even if wearing inflatable water wings or swim rings.

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a weak or non-swimmer? True or False? Hand-over-hand wall crawling.

True

What are some situations that could lead to trouble for a weal or non-swimmer? True or False? Wearing a life jacket improperly.

True

What are the characteristics of a distressed swimmer? True or False? Able to call for help.

True

What are the characteristics of a distressed swimmer? True or False? Able to keep their face out of the water.

True

What are the characteristics of a distressed swimmer? True or False? Floating, sculling or treading water.

True

What are the characteristics of a distressed swimmer? True or False? Horizontal, vertical, or diagonal body position, depending on what the person is using for support.

True

What are the general steps to take when caring for a sudden illness? True or False? Care for any life-threatening conditions first.

True

What are the general steps to take when caring for a sudden illness? True or False? Care for any other problems that develop, such as vomiting.

True

What are the general steps to take when caring for a sudden illness? True or False? Keep the victim comfortable and reassure them.

True

What are the general steps to take when caring for a sudden illness? True or False? Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated.

True

What are the general steps to take when caring for a sudden illness? True or False? Monitor the victim's condition and watch for changes in LOC.

True

What care should you provide for a victim possibly having a heart attack? True or False? Ask questions to get information that relates to the victim's condition.

True

What care should you provide for a victim possibly having a heart attack? True or False? Closely monitor the victim until EMS personnel take over, noting any changes in appearance or behavior.

True

What care should you provide for a victim possibly having a heart attack? True or False? Take immediate action and summon EMS personnel.

True

What care should you provide for a victim possibly having a heart attack? True or False? Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing.

True

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Blind spots

True

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Facility features and attractions

True

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Obstacles

True

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Size of the zone

True

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Time of day

True

What factors could influence the ability of the lifeguard to see parts of their zone? True or False? Type of station

True

What factors could influence the amount of time it might take lifeguards to perform a water rescue, extricate a victim and begin lifesaving care? True or False? Availability and location of rescue equipment

True

What factors could influence the amount of time it might take lifeguards to perform a water rescue, extricate a victim and begin lifesaving care? True or False? Availability and location of trained assisting responders

True

What factors could influence the amount of time it might take lifeguards to perform a water rescue, extricate a victim and begin lifesaving care? True or False? Obstacles

True

What factors could influence the amount of time it might take lifeguards to perform a water rescue, extricate a victim and begin lifesaving care? True or False? The size and shape of the zone

True

What instinctive drowning response behaviors would you see in a drowning victim who is struggling at or near the surface? True or False? Has a vertical body position in the water with no supporting kick.

True

What instinctive drowning response behaviors would you see in a drowning victim who is struggling at or near the surface? True or False? Has arms extended to the side or in front, pressing down for support.

True

What instinctive drowning response behaviors would you see in a drowning victim who is struggling at or near the surface? True or False? May not be able to call out for help as their efforts are focused on getting a breath.

True