Lifeguarding Chapter 9 - Cardiac Emergencies

Fill in the blank: For each minute CPR and defbrillation are delayed, the victim's chance for survival is reduced by about ____ percent.

10

Fill in the blank: Compressions given at the correct rate are at least ____ per minute to a maximum of ____ per minute.

100-120

When performing two-rescuer CPR on an infant, describe how lifeguards should modify the following: Compression-to-ventilation ratio: The compression technique:

15 compressions for every 2 ventilations (15:2) rescuers should also perform a different technique, called the encircling thumbs technique.

What is the appropriate compression depth when providing CPR on an adult? A | At least 2 inches but no more than 2.4 inches B | At least 2.4 inches but no more than 3 inches C | 2 inches D | 1½ inches

A | At least 2 inches but no more than 2.4 inches o For a child, compress the chest about 2 inches. o For an infant, compress the chest about 1½ inches.

Signs of cardiac arrest include (circle all that apply): A | Sudden collapse B | Vomiting C | No pulse D | Unresponsiveness E | Rapid pulse

A, C, D •Sudden collapse • Unresponsiveness • Abnormal breathing • No pulse

When providing two-rescuer CPR, when should rescuers change positions? A | At least every 2 minutes B | After 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 ventilations C | During the analysis of the AED D | All of the above

D Rescuers should change positions (alternate giving compressions and ventilations) at least every 2 minutes (5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 ventilations) to reduce rescuer fatigue, or during the analysis of the AED. Changing positions should take less than 5 seconds

True or False: It is not appropriate to use an AED on a victim who is pregnant? WHy?

False Child has best chance to survive if the mother survives

Provide three examples why a lifeguard could or should stop CPR:

Once you begin CPR, do not stop. Continue CPR until: • You see an obvious sign of life, such as normal breathing or victim movement. • An AED is ready to analyze the victim's heart rhythm. • Other trained responders, such as a member of your safety team or EMS personnel, take over and relieve you from compression and ventilation responsibilities. • You are alone and too exhausted to continue. • The scene becomes unsafe.

Pediatric Chain of Survival

Prevention CPR Call Advanced Life Support Integrated Care

Describe the fve links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival for adults:

Recognize/Call CPR Defib Advanced Life Support Integrated Care

What is the objective of CPR?

perform a combination of effective chest compressions and ventilations to circulate blood that contains oxygen to the victim's brain and other vital organs.

You arrive on the scene when another lifeguard is performing CPR, what should you do frst?

the second rescuer should confrm whether EMS personnel have been summoned. If EMS personnel have not been summoned, the second rescuer should do so before getting the AED or assisting with care. If EMS personnel have been summoned, the second rescuer should get the AED, or if an AED is not available, help perform two-rescuer CPR.

What should you do if you think someone is having a heart attack?

• Take immediate action and summon EMS personnel. • Have the victim stop any activity and rest in a comfortable position. • Loosen tight or uncomfortable clothing. • Closely monitor the victim until EMS personnel take over. Note any changes in the victim's appearance or behavior. • Comfort the victim. • Be prepared to perform CPR and use an AED.