LifeSpan Chapter 8

Which of the following statements is true? Adolescent girls with bulimia are usually about 20% overweight. Adolescent girls in the United States have the highest rates of eating disorders in the world. Adolescent girls who have an eating disorder are at higher risk for other mental health disorders. Adolescent girls are more likely than boys to be satisfied with their bodies.

Adolescent girls who have an eating disorder are at higher risk for other mental health disorders.

Which of the following statements about Americans and religious belief is true? Americans are more religious than people in virtually any other developed country. Americans are more religious than people in developing countries. Americans are less religious than people in virtually any other developed country. Americans are more religious than people in developing countries but less religious than people in developed countries.

Americans are more religious than people in virtually any other developed country.

Which component of the Media Practice Model involves adolescents incorporating media content into their identities? Interaction Selection Application Formation

Application

What is one of the strongest risk factors for all types of depression? Being female Being an ethnic minority Being in middle school Being from a low-SES family

Being female

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic? Vagina Fallopian tubes Breasts Ova

Breasts

Adolescents in which country are LEAST likely to smoke cigarettes? France Greece Italy Canada

Canada

Dr. Rose often uses the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in her research. Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of her work? Daily fluctuations in mood between children and adolescents The part-time work experiences of adolescents from different countries Responses to conflict in laboratory settings Gender differences in academic interests

Daily fluctuations in mood between children and adolescents

In regards to the onset/timing of puberty, who of the following is more at risk for substance use and delinquency? Early-maturing boys Early-maturing girls On-time maturing boys Late-maturing girls

Early-maturing girls

Students in __________ usually have three types of secondary schools. the United States Japan Canada Europe

Europe

Kerry loves and respects her mother; however, her mother works in a job that she hates in the deli at a local grocery store. Kerry knows that she wants better for herself and wants to earn a college degree and have a teaching career. Kerry has a positive outlook on life and has strong self-esteem; her future seems bright. There are many selves described in this scenario—which of the following best describes Kerry's trepidation about working in a dissatisfying career? Feared self Real self False self Realistic self

Feared self

Which of the following statements about gender intensification is true? Gender intensification rises from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Gender intensification is often considerably stronger in traditional cultures than in the West. Anthropologist David Gilmore concluded that both adolescent boys and girls must demonstrate three capacities: to provide, protect, and procreate. In some American minority cultures, gender intensification may be less pronounced than in the majority culture.

Gender intensification is often considerably stronger in traditional cultures than in the West.

If you are an adolescent living in __________ you are most likely to participate in an apprenticeship program. Japan Germany the United States Mexico

Germany

You recently watched your nephew, who is 13 years old, try to figure out why his bike's gears won't work. You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that he used. You remember just a few months ago he would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing, but would have most likely tried random solutions haphazardly. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is he using? Brainstorming Hypothetical-deductive reasoning Seriation Working backwards

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Which of the following statements about estradiol is true? It is produced only in females. It is an androgen important in pubertal development. It is a sex hormone that is regulated by the amygdala. It increases far more in females than in males during puberty.

It increases far more in females than in males during puberty.

Which of the following is true about long-term memory? Younger children are more likely to use mnemonic devices. Experience and knowledge do not affect long-term memory capabilities. It is essentially unlimited. It has a limit of 7 plus or minus 1 item.

It is essentially unlimited.

In math and science, students from __________ consistently score at the top. Japan and South Korea Brazil and Mexico the United States and Canada Russia and China

Japan and South Korea

Which of the following statements regarding pubertal timing is true? The effects of early maturation are generally positive for girls. The timing of puberty has no effect on adolescent boys. Menarche takes place as late as age 15 in some developing countries, due to lack of proper nutrition and medical care. The average age of menarche is much later today than it was in earlier generations.

Menarche takes place as late as age 15 in some developing countries, due to lack of proper nutrition and medical care.

Which of the following statements about eating disorders is true? People with bulimia are usually slightly underweight. Over the past decade, anorexia nervosa has become more common in males than in females. Persons with bulimia regard their eating patterns as normal. Most cases of eating disorders have their onset among females in their teens and early twenties.

Most cases of eating disorders have their onset among females in their teens and early twenties.

Based on the most recent statistics, which of the following American ethnic groups has the highest rates of use of substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana? Latinos Whites Chinese Americans Native Americans

Native Americans

Which of the following cultural views of adolescent sexuality best applies to northern Europe? Permissive Open Restrictive Semirestrictive

Permissive

Which of the following statements about depression is true? Over 30% of American adolescents have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder by age 18. Rates of depressed mood rise notably from middle childhood to adolescence. Girls tend to use distraction more than boys when faced with the beginning of a depressed mood. Depressed mood includes symptoms such as difficulty sleeping and changes in appetite.

Rates of depressed mood rise notably from middle childhood to adolescence.

Which of the following statements about religious beliefs in adolescence is true? Adolescents are more likely to be religious when their parents are divorced. American adolescents who are the most religious are also the least likely to do well in school. European adolescents are more religious than American adolescents due to their longer religious traditions. Religion has a lower priority for most American teens than many other parts of their lives.

Religion has a lower priority for most American teens than many other parts of their lives.

Which of the following statements about work during adolescence is true? Most are likely to work answering phones and doing clerical work in an office setting. Reports of psychological symptoms jump sharply for adolescents working more than 10 hours a week. Less than half of adolescents in the United States and Canada have held at least one part-time job by the end of high school. The United States is the only country where part-time work is associated with problem behavior.

Reports of psychological symptoms jump sharply for adolescents working more than 10 hours a week.

Which classification best fits the United States in terms of its cultural beliefs about the acceptability (or not) of premarital sex? Semirestrictive Restrictive Permissive Authoritative

Semirestrictive

Studies have found which of the following features to be more important for friendships in adolescence than in middle childhood? Similar interests Similar ethnic background Popularity Sharing personal thoughts and feelings

Sharing personal thoughts and feelings

Which of the following statements best describes the relationships between age and crime? Adolescents are less likely to be the victims of crime than are children or adults. Ten percent of young men commit over two-thirds of all offenses. Adolescents are less likely than adults to commit crimes because they do not have enough opportunity to do so. Adolescents usually commit crimes alone because they worry about their reputation if they get caught.

Ten percent of young men commit over two-thirds of all offenses.

Research on formal operational thinking has shown which of the following statements to be true? Once people obtain formal operational thinking skills, they use them consistently across all tasks and situations. People tend to use formal operations for problems and situations in which they have less experience and knowledge. The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely to be different across different cultures. Adolescents who have had courses in the language arts and music are more likely than other adolescents to exhibit formal operational thought.

The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely to be different across different cultures.

Which of the following statements about puberty rituals is true? They are more common for girls than boys in traditional cultures. They were developed to mark the departure from adolescence into emerging adulthood. They are only carried out for females and are most often related to menstruation. They focus on a particular biological event across all cultures.

They are more common for girls than boys in traditional cultures.

During high school, Joe was a popular kid who got into trouble when hanging around a group of older friends. Once he even climbed through the window of a convenience store to steal beer when they'd run out at a party. In his late twenties, Joe got a steady job, got married, and had children. According to Moffitt, Joe would be considered a(n)__________. time-specific delinquent adolescent-limited delinquent sporadic delinquent life-course-persistent delinquent

adolescent-limited delinquent

Research on adolescents' electronic game playing in the United States has found that __________. boys prefer to play the games alone boys report that playing the games relieves negative emotions it makes people more empathic as they often identify with the victim adolescents play on average once a week

boys report that playing the games relieves negative emotions

Vanessa is terrified of becoming fat. Her weight is normal, and most of the time she has normal eating habits, but sometimes she loses control and "binges" on large amounts of food. In an effort to avoid becoming fat, Vanessa makes herself throw up after these binges. Vanessa is exhibiting symptoms of __________. the secular trend self-medication bulimia anorexia nervosa

bulimia

Sanjay is part of a small group of friends, also known as a __________, who eat lunch together at school every day and socialize with each other on the weekends. reputation-based group crowd faction clique

clique

Kohlberg's proposition of a universal theory of moral development has been challenged by Shweder, who believes that it is impossible to understand moral development unless you understand an individual's __________. personality factors intellectual abilities cultural worldview social context

cultural worldview

In many traditional cultures, young men are required to demonstrate courage, strength, and endurance in their coming-of-age rituals because __________. it is a way to show off for the young women observing daily life often requires these capacities they want to assert their power over women they are required by national law

daily life often requires these capacities

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit their false selves with __________. dating partners teachers parents acquaintances

dating partners

Larson and Richards (1994) compared preadolescent 5th-graders to adolescent 8th-graders and found that the percent of time experienced as "very happy" __________. stayed the same increased dramatically decreased increased slightly

decreased

Adolescents in developed countries who work part-time __________. have higher grades in school than other students do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career are less likely to use drugs and alcohol than their nonworking counterparts usually contribute the majority of their earnings to support the household income

do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career

Among American adolescents, self-esteem is lowest in __________. emerging adulthood early adolescence the preadolescent period late adolescence

early adolescence

A developmental psychologist would most likely use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to __________. examine how different environmental experiences affect brain development examine changes in emotions in different social settings evaluate the strength of cohort differences determine whether behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced in the transition from childhood to adolescence

examine changes in emotions in different social settings

With whom are adolescents happiest? Parents Friends Siblings Extended family

friends

Theo is an adolescent boy who has gotten in trouble for a number of delinquent acts such as underage drinking, vandalizing on Halloween, and trespassing. Researchers who take a biological approach might explain this behavior as being caused by an immature __________. pituitary gland occipital lobe frontal lobe hypothalamus

frontal lobe

The __________ is the hypothesis that psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced at adolescence. gender identity gender-intensification personal fable imaginary audience

gender-intensification

Compared to their peers in the United States, adolescents in Japan and South Korea __________. have a shorter school day are taught with an emphasis on critical thinking and creativity have to take entrance exams for both high school and college have a shorter school year

have to take entrance exams for both high school and college

In Western countries, conflict with parents __________. remains constant throughout adolescence steadily increases until the end of emerging adulthood increases from middle childhood to early adolescence is highest during middle childhood

increases from middle childhood to early adolescence

In the United States, conflict in adolescence __________. is similar in frequency to that observed in traditional cultures steadily increases until the end of emerging adulthood is most intense between fathers and sons is more frequent between early-maturing adolescents and their parents compared to "on-time" adolescents and their parents

is more frequent between early-maturing adolescents and their parents compared to "on-time" adolescents and their parents

Rather than turning to other coping strategies, such as talking about his problems or even taking a walk to burn off steam, John smokes pot to reduce stress, anxiety, or sadness. This pattern of substance use is referred to as __________. addictive substance use medicinal substance use social substance use experimental substance use

medicinal substance use

Research has shown that during adolescence, __________ is most strongly related to global self-esteem. social acceptance athletic competence scholastic competence physical appearance

physical appearance

Compared to Japanese schools, schools in the United States __________. focus more on rote learning place a greater emphasis on creativity hold cram sessions with tutors after school encourage parents to pressure children to apply themselves

place a greater emphasis on creativity

The most effective treatment for major depressive disorder in adolescence combines __________. equine therapy and electroconvulsive therapy systematic desensitization and aversion therapy psychoanalytic therapy and electroconvulsive therapy psychotherapy and antidepressant medications

psychotherapy and antidepressant medications

Adolescents who are more religious __________. report less depression have more conflict with their parents' generation, which was less religious are less likely to be held back in school are more likely to attend college

report less depression

After learning to knit a simple scarf with her grandmother's guidance, Alexis began to knit a sweater while on break from college. She went over to her grandmother's once when she had a question. She finished the sweater a few weeks later while she was back at college, needing only one Skype session to help her. This illustrates __________. hypothetical-deductive reasoning selective attention scaffolding synaptic pruning

scaffolding

When learning to weave, boys in the Dioula culture start by watching their fathers weave, and then learn to weave themselves in early adolescence. A boy starts off working on his own to complete a simple pattern and gets help when he makes mistakes. He moves on to more complex patterns and continues to consult with his father for several years until he can weave completely on his own. This is an example of __________. divided attention hypothetical-deductive reasoning accommodation scaffolding

scaffolding

Research on Kohlberg's stages of moral development __________. was originally conducted with a large national sample of males and females showed that the stages tended to increase with age, but that few proceeded to Level 3 showed that more than half of participants slipped to a lower level over time is based on the premise that what matters is the content of moral reasoning, not the structure

showed that the stages tended to increase with age, but that few proceeded to Level 3

The substance use of an adolescent who drinks alcohol only when hanging out with friends would be classified as __________. addictive substance use experimental substance use social substance use medicinal substance use

social substance use

Compared to his 7-year-old brother, a 14-year-old will have an easier time reading a book and listening to music at the same time because he's more adept at __________. tasks that require divided attention maximizing his metamemory tasks that require transfer of information from sensory memory to short-term memory using mnemonic devices consistently

tasks that require divided attention

The most important androgen is __________. leptin estradiol testosterone human growth hormone

testosterone

Much to Jace's dismay, he wore mismatched socks to school. He can't help but think that everyone will notice and feels very self-conscious. His way of thinking demonstrates __________. selective attention hypothetical-deductive reasoning the imaginary audience the personal fable

the imaginary audience

Although his brother dropped out of college after becoming dependent on marijuana, Jonah thinks that if he starts smoking marijuana, he will be able to quit when he wants to and nothing bad will happen. This way of thinking demonstrates __________. the personal fable selective attention hypothetical reasoning the imaginary audience

the personal fable

Research on Kohlberg's stages of moral development has shown that __________. the majority of people in developed countries reach Stage 5: community rights and individual rights orientation people often skip stages in midlife and advance to the highest stage in late adulthood beyond adolescence, most people regress to an earlier stage of moral reasoning the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age

the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age

Compared to the concrete thinking abilities displayed in childhood, the ability to reason in adolescence __________. differs quantitatively, but not qualitatively involves more random attempts at problem solving as they persist longer is not significantly different except that they use it more utilizes the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific experiment

utilizes the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific experiment

Tran is an 8-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in an urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage, one would expect that Tran will experience puberty at a __________ others in her family's history. similar age to younger age than slightly older age than significantly older age than

younger age than