Lifespan Development

An example of overregularization is _____.

"he hitted me with the stick"

Sam is able to grab objects but he sometimes closes his hand too early or too late. Sam is probably about _____.

4 months old

Low birthweight is defined internationally as a body weight of less than _____.

5 1/2 pounds

What is the Hayflick limit for human embryo cells?

50

Approximately what percentage of children will score within the average range of IQ testing?

67%

According to researchers, who would be LEAST afraid to die?

75 Yr old JAckson

Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because she tends to ask critical question such as, "Why can't I have wine with dinner? You do." or "I don't understand why I'll be able to vote when I'm 18, but I have to wait until I'm 21 to buy alcohol!" This type of thinking is demonstrating Justine's ______.

??? deductive reasoning NOT - Inductive reasonngi

Which of the following terms applies to those school children who are non-English-speaking, whether immigrant or native-born?

??? second language proficient\ NOT -ESL

An increase in life expectancy has caused one aspect of family life to change. Which of the following BEST illustrates this change?

Adults are likely to spend more years caring for both younger and older generations in their family.

When people belong to different cohorts, they differ in _____.

Age groups or generations

Which of the following is the most widely used test that attempts to measure the intelligence of infants?

Bayley Scales

In an experiment, the group of participants who receive the imposed treatment or special condition is referred to as the _____ group.

Experimental

Which of the following statements about homosexual partnerships in our society is correct?

Factors related to the success or failure of partnerships are consistent across lesbian, gay, and heterosexual relationships.

Which of the following would be a result of classical conditioning?

Feeling happy at the smell of cookies

Which of the following statements is correct regarding girls' and boys' physical development during middle childhood?

Girls are more advanced than boys in skeletal and muscular maturation, making them more coordinated.

Dr. Sarrett is giving 5-year-old Teesa a pre-kindergarten physical examination. When Dr. Sarrett asks Teesa to jump up and down and hop on one leg, what is she testing?

Gross motor skills

Piaget's theory of development focused primarily on _____

How our thinking changes as we grow older

Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. Even though these activities might seem boring, according to Erikson they are all part of Barbara's developing a healthy sense of _____.

Industry

In seeking participants for research studies, researchers must explain the purposes and procedures of the study in advance, obtain written permission, and allow participants to stop at any time. This process is known as _____.

Informed Consent

Which of the following statistics is true of schizophrenia?

It is more common in males than in females

Which of the following is the major drawback to correlational research?

NOT - It cannot be generalized to other populations.

Jacob's mother had schizophrenia, and so Jacob was reared by his grandparents. Now, at age 22, Jacob is experiencing severe stress due to his new job and his grandfather's unexpected death. He is beginning to display symptoms of schizophrenia. The manifestation of these symptoms is best explained by which of the following developmental concepts?

NOT - Linked lives

According to the Bronfenbrenner's bioecological-systems perspective, the influence of David's family on his development is part of his _____.

NOT - Mesosystem

Which of the following is likely to contribute to a male's problems with sexual functioning?

NOT - Smoking cessation

Around age _____, most children are fully capable of engaging in fluent conversation with speakers of any age.

NOT - age 11

Compared to the relationship between an older adult and her adult children, the relationship between an older adult and her friends is least likely to _____.

NOT - be reciprocal or equitable

If a researcher wanted to study the development of handwriting ability in children, she could measure the handwriting of a group of second-graders and continue to take handwriting samples from these same children each year until sixth grade. This is an example of _____.

NOT - cross-sequential research

How long is the fetal period?

NOT - from the second week until the eighth week after conception

According to the authors of your text, which of the following is one of the contributors to interpersonal loyalty, intimacy, and faithfulness within friendships during adolescence?

NOT - hormonal changes

Recessive X-linked genes are _____.

NOT - more likely to be expressed in a woman's phenotype

An important trend in the study of human development involves incorporating many theoretical perspectives in order to better explain development. Which of the following describes this approach?

NOT - multiculturalism

Micah, age 55, used to write great opinion pieces for his newspaper. Now he chooses the topic and lays out the main theme, but he assigns the actual writing to a younger staff reporter. Micah then proofs the work, make a few changes, and lets it go to print under his by-line. Baltes & Baltes would suggest that Micah is using which strategy?

NOT - oversight

Thinking might become more _____ and _____ with each year of postsecondary education.

NOT - reflective / hypothetical

Which group would be MOST likely to seek new experiences if they thought they were going to die?

NOT - young old adults

Which of the following is a behavior seen in the parents of children with high IQs?

NOT -providing play materials that are above the level of their children

When is full-time grandparent care especially likely?

NOT -when the grandparents live in the same city as their grandchildren

Secondary sex characteristics are those that _____.

NOT- occur later in development

Traits, capabilities, and limitations that we each receive from our biological parents are said to be a result of _____.

Nature

The more Hank eats, the less hungry he feels. The correlation that exists between his food intake and his hunger is _____.

Negative

What happens in the brain of the emerging adult as he or she continues to gain life experience?

New dendrites are formed, whereas unused neurons disappear.

Quantitative information always involves _____.

Numerical data

Which of the following is an accurate description of partner relationships in later life?

Older couples report lower levels of conflict in their relationships than do middle-aged couples.

Which of the following is a primary difference between behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory?

Psychoanalytic theory holds that observable behavior is a symptom of unconscious drives, whereas behaviorism holds that observable behaviors are all that matter.

During middle childhood, a new component of the self is added to the categorical, social, and emotional selves. This new component includes things like personality traits. What is the term for this new component?

Psychological self

What is a "sensitive period" of development?

when certain things must occur for normal development

What causes the loss of "computational power" and the appearance of symptoms of old age to occur?

when there is significant loss of dendritic interconnectivity

When 4-year-old Deirdre wants an item or an activity, she will attack her parents with her fists until they laughingly and protestingly give her what she wants. Her parents' decision to give in to Deirdre's demands in this fashion ______.

will reinforce her behavior and possibly create a long-lasting pattern of aggression and defiance

Alleena has noticed that she is becoming forgetful, sometimes gets words mixed up, and her emotions seem to be "making her crazy." She is also very fatigued. What is the likely cause of these symptoms?

The hot flashes and hormonal changes of perimenopause are probably disturbing her sleep, so she is sleep-deprived.

Danielle sucks her thumb because she finds it very pleasurable. According to Freud, Danielle is most likely in ____

The oral stage

Which of the following is correct regarding vision in late adulthood?

The pupil does not widen or narrow as much or as quickly, which causes problems in adapting to variation in light and glare.

How does observation in the laboratory differ from naturalistic observation?

The researcher in a laboratory setting has some level of control over the variables that might influence the participants' behavior.

Which of the following BEST describes the nature of friendship in middle adulthood?

The social circle is smaller, but the friendships are as intimate and close as at earlier ages.

According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, what is the purpose of reactions such as denial or bargaining?

These reactions are defense mechanisms that aid the person in coping with the reality of impending death.

Which of the following is true of couples who cohabit before they are married?

They are more likely to divorce if they marry.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding teenagers as they progress through adolescence?

They increasingly define themselves in terms of enduring traits, beliefs, moral standards, or personal philosophies.

A researcher who is testing the cognitive functioning of middle-aged adults would find which of the following to be true of her subjects regarding well-rehearsed, familiar tasks?

They maintain or gain in skill.

Which of the following changes in children would one expect to see in the first few years after divorce?

They typically show more aggression, defiant, or negative behavior.

According to Erikson's theory, which of the following is true of most toddlers?

They want to gain a sense of autonomy, or control, over their own bodies.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the relationship between gender and health?

Women tend to live longer than men, but they also have more diseases and disabilities.

Identify the adolescent who appears to be experiencing identity diffusion.

Zachary, who spends most of his time just hanging out and seems apathetic about life

Which of the following personality characteristics is identified by the authors of your text as a major contributor to dissatisfaction and instability in a marriage relationship?

a high degree of neuroticism

Using the word more to mean "I want another cookie" is _____.

a holophrase

A child who has difficulty mastering specific academic skills such s reading, but who has normal intelligence and no physical or sensory handicaps, might be categorized as having _____.

a learning disability

In operant conditioning, an organism learns that _____.

a particular behavior usually produces a particular consequence

Regarding retirement, which of the following BEST describes the anxious idealist?

a retiree who would like to give money to charity but is unable to do so because he barely has enough income to make ends meet

Harry's mother left him for a few minutes. When she returned, Harry climbed into her lap and then resumed playing. Harry is probably _____.

a secure child

Which of the following is a term applied to an infant's cry and protest at being left with someone other than her or his primary caregivers?

a separation anxiety

Which of the following is the most complex and beneficial way to study change of time?

a sequential design

A teratogen is _____.

a substance or a condition that can increase the risk of prenatal abnormalities

To study people's thoughts about aging, a researcher would most likely use _____.

a survey

Liv is an extremely shy and anxious 8-year-old. Other children seem to dislike her. She appears to be _____.

a withdrawn-rejected child

John notices that his testes have growth larger. His next growth event will probably be _____.

his pubic hair begins to appear

Chuck and Jeri argue quite a bit. They don't seem to like each other, and they rarely even look at one another. They seem to lack any sort of affectionate, supportive relationship. How would researchers classify this couple?

hostile /detached

The science of human development might best be described as an attempt to understand _____.

how and why people change across the lifespan

Victor and Rosa want to enhance their synchrony with their 6-month-old daughter. They can best do this by _____.

imitating her vocal and facial expressions

It is believed that widowhood has both immediate and long-term effects on _____.

immune system

At what point in the human life span does the greatest number of deaths occur?

in infancy and early childhood

When Becky's mother speaks to her, she uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition. At 4 months of age, Becky delights in her mother's use of _____.

infant-directed speech

Which of the following terms applies to intellectually demanding tasks such as managing finances and paying bills?

instrumental activities of daily living

The psychosocial stage in which people try to see their lives as a worthy and justifiable whole is _____.

integrity vs despair

Which of the following would be an example of qualitative data collection?

interviewing all of the siblings of a pair of conjoined twins and asking them about their personal interactions

Eva is about to become a teenage mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____.

are supportive but do not assume complete care for her child

If you were to see a man from the nation of Fiji, but had never seen someone from there before, you would still recognize him as a human being. This cognitive process is called _____.

assimilation

As a father, Mr. Wallace rates low on nurturance and communication and high on maturity demands. He exhibits the _____ pattern of parenting.

authoritarian

When the teacher asked, "How many inches are there in a mile?" Carmen answered without having to pause to compute the number of inches in a foot. Carmen's skill is an example of _____.

automaticity

Lowell has lost his wife to cancer. He dreams of her often and even thinks that he sees her at the grocery store or on the sidewalk near his house. He cries frequently. According to Sanders, Lowell is in the _____ stage of grief.

awareness

Which of the following is the best term to describe when a researcher lives in a particular culture for an extended time in order to gain a detailed understanding and description of the culture?

ethnography

Psychoanalytic theory views intrinsic drives and motives as the foundation for _____.

every aspect of thinking and behavior

Which of the following is a dietary factor that contributes to the risk of osteoporosis?

excessive caffeine consumption

When children hear a new word in a familiar context, they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word. This is called ______.

fast-mapping

The most advanced stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, is the _____

formal operational

Which of the following is a necessary condition for the development of advanced moral reasoning (postconventional level)?

formal operational thinking skills

The two primary goals of cross-cultural research are to identify universal changes that cross cultures and to _____.

gain information that will help improve people's lives

Ricky strongly believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He believes that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a woman it makes him a sissy. This is an expression of Ricky's _____.

gender role identity

LeeAnn is a 16-year-old who has just started working 25 hours a week at a local ice cream store. If she is like the average employed adolescent, she is more likely than students who are not employed to _____.

get poor grades

For individuals who are involuntary career changers, which of the following is MOST closely linked to improved health, emotional stability, and a sense of well-being?

going to work at a new job

Researchers suggest that older adults who respond most poorly to retirement are those who _____.

had the least control over the process

A sperm has _____ as many chromosomes as a normal body cell.

half

The critical factor in attaining the age of viability is _____.

having adequate brain development

One key factor that strengthens theory of mind at about age 4 is _____.

having an older sibling

In a normal uncomplicated birth, the position of presentation is _____.

head first

Not only do those with postsecondary education on average have higher incomes, but postsecondary education also correlates with better _____.

health

The five characteristics that are evaluated in the Apgar are _____.

heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color, and reflexes

A father wants his son to help his mother wash the dishes every night. According to social learning theory, the father should _____.

help out with the dishes himself

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating _____.

her belief in an imaginary audience

According to Erikson, once the emerging adult has established a sense of identity, she or he will need to resolve which of the following crises?

intimacy versus isolation

Cassandra is an engineer. She is working on a project to map the human genome. In addition, she can calculate massive columns of numbers in her head but cannot remember to say "hello" in the hallway. Holland would label Cassandra as _____.

investigative

A gene is recessive when _____.

its influence can be hidden by a more powerful gene

Maria is responsible for sending holiday cards, arranging social gatherings, and caring for her husband's aging parents. What is the term that the authors of your textbook use for Judith's role?

kin keeper

Which of the following factors is considered as a contributor of intimate partner abuse?

laws that define women as property

An example of a dependent variable in an experiment might be _____.

level of depression

Hepatitis B virus is closely linked to which of the following?

liver cancer

In operant conditioning, reinforcements have what effect on an individual's behavior?

make the behavior more likely to reoccur

When a couple has learned which strategies work best when resolving disagreements, and therefore a sense that they have control of the relationship, they have accomplished which of the following?

marital self efficiency

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

obsessive compulsive disorder OCD

In middle adulthood, which of the following correlate with socioeconomic class and are predictive of health?

occupational level and education

Which of the Big Five personality traits are likely to decline as adults age?

openness, extraversion, neuroticism

According to psychoanalytic theories, human development is mainly determined by _____.

our unconscious motives and drives

One difference between sperm cells and ova is that _____.

ova carry an X chromosome, whereas sperm carry either an X or a Y chromosome

What component of evolutionary theory suggests that women and men have different mate selection priorities because they have unequal roles and responsibilities in producing and care for children?

parental investment theory

By 10 months of age, Alan has a vocabulary of a dozen word. B. F. Skinner would have attributed Alan's rapid speech development mainly to _____.

parents talking to him frequently

Which of the following typically helps to prepare adolescents for romantic relationships?

participation in mixed-gender groups of friends

Children who are able to classify other people into groups such as "people who are nice" and "people who are mean" are demonstrating _____.

person perception

According to research on grandchildren-grandparent relationships, what is the MOST common explanation for a remote relationships between grandparents and their grandchildren?

physical distance

The correlation between obesity in parents and obesity in their children tends to be _____.

positive

Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't good. Carla is in which level of Kohlberg's view of moral development?

preconventional

During which of Piaget's stages do children begin to express their internal experience in terms of symbols such as speaking?

preoperational

Mason is 55 years old and has come to believe that his phone is not working properly because whenever his elderly mother is on the phone, he has trouble hearing her voice. Mason should be examined for _____.

presbycusis

Any birth that occurs 35 or fewer weeks after conception is considered to be _____.

preterm

Which of the following emotions is last to develop?

pride

Most traits are polygenic, meaning that they are _____.

produced by many genes

The process through which unused and misconnected dendrites atrophy and die is called _____.

pruning

Research on SIDS has shown that babies should be _____.

put to bed on their backs

Salma is a 10-month-old who is being tested on the visual cliff. We would expect her to _____.

refuse to cross over the visual cliff

When a child is focusing on "the big picture" rather than focusing on details, which style of learning is the child using?

relational

The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow remains unscathed in the process is called _____

resilient

Following the loss of his life partner, Joel has decided to move to Florida and pursue a graduate degree. According to the dual-process model, Joel is in the _____ emotional state.

restoration

When a person is confronted with a task that they are compelled to perform, but for which they are ill-prepared, which of the following are they likely to experience?

role strain

Over the last two centuries, children have tended to reach their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the name of this type of phenomenon?

secular trend

Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to direct his focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as _____.

selective attention

Rodrick wears reading glasses, uses an ergonomically designed chair when he works at the computer, and exercises regularly to offset the effects of aging. He is also taking two courses at the local community college just for the sake of learning. What principle is at work here?

selective optimization with compensation

If we place a dot of rouge on an 18-month-old's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she might then touch her nose. This shows that the child has some _____.

self-awareness

Jarred, age 5, describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. His description demonstrates his developing _____.

self-concept

Which of the following terms is used to describe an individual's belief in her capacity to cause an intended event to occur, or to perform a task successfully?

self-efficacy

The understanding that one object or behavior can represent another defines which of the following terms?

semiotic

Infant day care is of high quality if caregivers emphasize, among other things, _____.

sensorimotor exploration

Which of the following factors is UNLIKELY to influence marital satisfaction after the birth of a child?

sex of the child

When children are able to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of behavior, they have acquired a measure of _____.

social cognition

Which form of death occurs at the point at which family members and medical personnel treat the deceased person as a corpse?

social death

Sara, Molly, and Shy are playing dress-up. They are all princesses and have built a castle out of cardboard boxes and colored paper. What type of play are the three girls engaging in?

sociodramatic play

Typically, the last skill to develop from the list below is _____.

standing momentarily without holding on

Joseph always dates women who are at least ten years older than he is. Which of the following might Freud propose as an explanation for Joseph's attraction to older women?

stuck in the phallic stage of development.

The continued use of a substance in a quantity or manner that is harmful to physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being is _____.

substance abuse

What is the name of the process of creating new synapses that happens very quickly in the first couple of years after birth?

synaptogenesis

According to international statistics, teenagers in the United States have more births than teenagers in other developed nations. The reason for this troubling statistic is that _____.

teenagers in the U.S. use less contraception than those in other countries

If Doreen understands class inclusion, then she understands _____.

that dogs are mammals and that mammals are animals

Phenotype refers to _____.

the actual expression of genetic traits

According to Labouvie-Vief, which of the following characterizes the cognitive development of the emerging adult?

the emergence of complex, critical, and relativizing thinking

What factor in today's economy alters the way that Donald Super's model of career development is applied?

the fact that job security is less reliable and that people change careers more frequently than in the past

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

Which component of social support seems to be most meaningful to elderly adults?

the opportunity to reciprocate and give support as well as receive it

Which of the following is a parenting variable that is related to children's development of the capacity for self-regulation?.

the parent's own ability to self-regulate

Unlike Freud, Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes _____.

the social and cultural environment

Seventy-year-old Maybell enjoys making quilts for her family. Specifically, she likes to make quilts that represent some aspect of the family's history. In which of Gene Cohen's phases is Maybell?

the summing up phase

Which of the following best define inductive logic?

the understanding that superficial changes to the appearance of an object do not change the essence or the reality of the object NOT - the ability to use a general principle to predict a specific outcome

Because school children judge their own talents and limitations more realistically than preschoolers _____.

their self-confidence might suffer as they compare themselves with others

A set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviors is known as _____.

theory of mind

Freud claimed that during the anal stage _____.

there is pleasure in stimulating and controlling the bowels

Like most teens, Annika has two contradictory tasks in her relationship with her parents: to establish autonomy from them and ______.

to maintain a sense of relatedness with them

The scientific method used by an infant in sensorimotor stage five is _____.

trial and error

According to Erikson, an infant must resolve the crisis of _____.

trust vs mistrust

Erikson believed that the main crisis during adolescence involved _____.

trying to determine what roles to play

During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to _____.

use senses and motor skills to understand the world

At what age do the two major brain growth spurts occur?

13-15 and 17-18

According to Freud, who is most likely to be in the genital stage?

16 year old boy

Which of the following would be more at risk for prolonged grief or the development of long-term grief-related problems?

16 yr old

During the preschool years, parents can expect their children to gain how many inches in height each year?

2-3 inches

Every normal human body cell contains _____ chromosomes?

23 PAirs

How do the death rates of men with alcoholism in their 50s and early 60s compare with the death rate for non-alcoholics?

Alcoholics are 5 to 6 times more likely to die in mid-life

Identify the prosocial behavior.

Beth feeds her baby brother because her mother is sick.

The first organ system that shows any sign of activity is the _____.

Cardiovascular system

Jeff's genome contains a recessive gene for cystic fibrosis. Jeff is said to be a _____ of the gene for cystic fibrosis.

Carrier

Identify the scenario that best demonstrates learning theories as related to gender attitudes.

Christine wears a dress, and both parents tell her how pretty she looks.

The set of moral principles used by each academic discipline and professional society to protect the integrity of research is referred to as their _____.

Code of ethics

A researcher studies the relationship between two variables and determines the likelihood that a change in one variable will result in a change in the other. What type of research is this person conducting?

Correlational

A researcher was interested in finding out whether children's ability to exhibit self-control when offered unhealthy food changed with age. He asked parents of 3-year-old, 6-year-old, and 9-year-old children to bring their children into the laboratory, where they were allowed to eat as much candy, cookies, and cake as they wanted. The researcher then compared the amount of food eaten by children of the three different ages. This is an example of _____.

Cross-Sectional research

Which of the following concepts refers to behaviors that develop over time and appear quite different from those that came before?

Discontinuity

Trisomy-21 is also called _____.

Down Syndrome

The adolescent who will probably find puberty most difficult is _____.

Katya, an early maturer

Ryan suffered a brain injury as a result of an automobile accident. His abilities to speak and to process language were severely affected. His injury was to the _____.

Left side of the brain

A manner of studying human development that takes into account all phases of life is referred to as the _____.

Lifespan perspective

Which of the following is true?

Loss of fine motor skills dramatically declines in old age.

Chromosomal abnormalities are most often associated with _____.

Maternal age

What are the three domains of human development described in the text?

Social, Physical, and Cognitive

Which of the following is the best example of relational aggression?

Sylvia lobbed a rotten apple a the boys in the tree house, an they immediately began to chase her down the street.

In which of the following disorders is it possible to tell whether or not someone is a carrier?

Tay-Sachs disease

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding adolescent's self-esteem?

Teens of all ethnicities in the United States are likely to experience a drop in self-esteem as they transition from childhood to early adolescence.

Which of the following represents the best example of the Type A personality characteristic that is MOST strongly linked to cardiovascular disease?

When John loses a business deal, he takes his anger and hostility out on other drivers during his evening commute

Which of the following is the BEST example of Erikson's concept of despair?

When Mr. Trump offers advice to his family, he often says, "Don't make the same mistakes I did. I wish I could live my life over."

What is the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children in the United States?

accidents

When we adjust our old ways of thinking in order to include new information, Piaget calls this process _____.

accommodation

Although the quiz you are now taking measures many things, it is supposed to be a test of _____.

achievement

A parent and a toddler meet someone the toddler does not know but who makes the parent nervous. The toddler will probably _____.

act anxious

An adolescent's statement that, "But, Mom, you just don't understand; nobody understands!" is indicative of _____.

adolescent egocentrism

What is the most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers?

alcohol

Henry was adopted and is genetically predisposed toward alcoholism. His adoptive family, however, does not drink alcohol, and they actively avoid alcohol for religious reasons. Given Henry's genetic potential ______.

alcoholism might not appear in Henry's phenotype

Not long after Gloria found out she was pregnant, she began having pain. When she went to her doctor, she was told that the zygote had implanted in her fallopian tube rather than in her uterus. What type of pregnancy is this called?

an ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following is a behavior that you would observe in the second of Piaget's sensorimotor stages?

an infant grabbing a bottle to suck on

When Patty looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girls. She is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds. She does aerobics for at least 2 hours daily and eats very little. Patty most likely has _____.

anorexia nervosa

Researchers have an ethical obligation to choose topics of study that _____.

are of major importance to society

The neural tube will become the _____.

brain and spinal cord

When capable of concrete operational thought, children _____.

can apply their reasoning to real situations

What does Erikson suggest is required for the expression of generativity?

caring for others

An example of a behavior by a researcher that would be considered unethical is ______.

changing the data to support the hypothesis

Early adulthood has always been the optimal time for hard physical work, athletic achievement, and _____.

childbearing

Which of the following groups of children is most likely to benefit the most from non-familial day care?

children from poor homes

Chris typically can be found with his group of close friends on the gym steps at lunchtime. He is socializing in a _____.

clique

Piaget's view of cognitive development includes the idea that _____.

cognitive development follows age-related changes in understanding

According to Vygotsky, preschoolers do NOT use private speech to _____.

communicate with those around them

According to Vaillant, which of the following is one of the outcomes of a career-based social network?

competence

Four-year-old Jon is sitting at lunch next to his sister Erin. They are having hotdogs for lunch. Mom cuts Jon's hotdog into five pieces and Erin's into six pieces. Jon protests because "Erin has more than me!" Which of the following abilities does Jon not yet demonstrate?

conservation

Lani and Paul have been married for 8 years. They describe their marriage as intimate, passionate, and committed. How would Sternberg most likely characterize their relationship?

consummate

Frank worked as a professional cabinet maker most of his adult life. He very much enjoyed this work, but is now somewhat limited in his physical ability to handle large pieces of carpentry. Frank currently builds smaller pieces of furniture such as chairs and coffee tables. Which of the following explains Frank's behavior?

continuity theory

During prenatal development, a particular organ or body part is most vulnerable to exposure to teratogens during its _____.

critical period

Which of the following most accurately characterizes what a child younger than 5 years of age would understand or believe about death?

death is reversible

Which of the following terms describes antisocial behavior that includes law-breaking?

delinquency

A magician's stock and trade is getting the audience to focus on one aspect of his demonstration while he is manipulating another. This is very easy with preoperational children as they are easily fooled with their tendency to _____.

demonstrate centration

Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be found in neglected children than in popular or rejected children?

depression and loneliness

What is the most reliable predictor of postpartum depression?

depression during pregnancy

Mr. Jones is a healthy 75-year-old widower who lives independently on his comfortable pension.. What factor is MOST likely to cause a change in his independent living status?

development of a significant health problem

Cognitive theories emphasize the _____.

development of thought processes and their effect on behavior, attitudes, and beliefs

What type of thinking would a young adult use to make decisions about ambiguous problems that might have multiple solutions?

dialectical thought

Jose and Isabella want to repaint their entire house and renovate some of the rooms as well. They look at many paint samples, magazine pictures, and try out several different arrangements of furniture. This process represents what type of thinking?

divergent

Marsha has twins, a boy and a girl. The twins are _____.

dizygotic

Which two neurotransmitters regulate the brain's response to new information and unusual situations?

dopamine and serotonin

The first hours and days of human development involve the processes of _____

duplication, division, and differentiation

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is entering a new developmental stage called _____.

emerging adulthood

An angry 5-year-old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed _____.

emotional regulation

Which of the following is suggested by the authors of your text as perhaps the greatest obstacle to employment for older adults?

employers' perceptions about older workers ability to learn new job skills

Over time, the consequences of bullying _____.

might lead to problems with relationships for the bullies and for their victims

Girls who bully typically ____.

mock and ridicule their victim

After watching a new Jackie Chan movie, Rob tries some of the karate moves he saw in the film. Social learning theories would say that _____ has occurred.

modeling

When one-month-old Lily is held upright with her feet touching a flat surface, she should _____.

move her legs as if to walk

Which of the following is one of the likely causes of dementia?

multiple blows to the head

Micah knows the difference between cedar and juniper trees. According to Gardner, what type of intelligence is Micah displaying?

naturalist

Which of the following would be a typical response for a middle-aged man who is dissatisfied with his job?

negotiate with his boss to try to change the working situation to better fit his needs

Which of the following is one of the factors identified by Maria Root that shape a biracial ethnic identity?

neighborhood

According to Erikson, a preschooler's development is centered on ______.

new mobility and the accompanying desire for autonomy

Gilbert is an impulsive child. Which of the following is important if he is to develop healthy emotional regulation?

nurturing caregivers

Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that High does not understand _____.

object permanence