Lifestyle Medicine Quizzes

During an initial consultation, a woman shares that she would like to focus on improving her sleep by increasing the amount of sleep she is getting each night. Her health care provider decides to take a "coach approach" to helping the woman with this goal. Which of the following responses best exemplifies a "coach" role in helping the woman with her desired behavior change? a. "In the next week, what could you think about or do that would move you forward toward this goal?" b. "Did you know that exposure to electronic devices before bed can interfere with melatonin production?" c. "For many of my patients I find that regular exercise is helpful in improving sleep quality and duration." d. "How helpful do you think it would be to set an alarm to go to bed so that you get enough sleep?"

a. "In the next week, what could you think about or do that would move you forward toward this goal?"

Which of the following is the MET (Metabolic Equivalent of a Task) value of sleeping? a. 0.9 b. 1.0 c. 1.2 d. 2.0

a. 0.9

As part of a wellness assessment, it is determined that a 55-year-old man does not meet the recommended levels of physical activity. He states that he does not like to exercise because it is boring and uncomfortable. In encouraging him to be more physically active, his health care provider can explain that while "exercise" is planned, structured and repetitive, "physical activity" is defined as: a. Any movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure above a resting level. b. Movement that occurs as a result of performing daily tasks. c. Exercise that is not planned. d. Exercise that is done for fun and not to improve fitness.

a. Any movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure above a resting level.

According to Dr. Altug our guest speaker, a lifestyle medicine assessment would include which of the following: a. Connectedness, Substance Use, Nutrition, Movement, Recovery b. Connectedness, Drug Use, Movement, Physical Exam c. Movement, Connectedness, Substance Use, Nutrition d. Nutrition, Movement, Substance Abuse, Connectedness

a. Connectedness, Substance Use, Nutrition, Movement, Recovery

Which of the following is correct about the Talk Test for assessment of aerobic exercise intensity? a. It may involve singing b. It is only performed by qualified professionals c. It is only applicable in trained athletes d. It requires validated measuring equipment

a. It may involve singing

A 25-year-old man has a family history of colon cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He is sedentary and wants to become more active, by increasing his physical activity at work. He currently works at an office job for a contractor (expending 15 MET-hours per week). His boss recently offered him four new job options ranked by physical activity level. The weekly MET-hours for each job are shown below. Which job option would best help him progress toward a more physical activity lifestyle, without an increased risk of untoward medical event. a. Level 1: Materials delivery at 30-MET hours per week b. Level 2: Custodial at 45 MET-hours per week c. Level 3: Landscaping at 30 MET-hours per week d. Level 4: Cement mason at 75 MET-hours per week

a. Level 1: Materials delivery at 30-MET hours per week

What is the most used method by an individual to determine if they have too much body fat? a. Look in the mirror before getting dressed b. Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) c. Ask a doctor d. Use calipers to measure the subscapular skin folds

a. Look in the mirror before getting dressed

Performing exercise regularly can impact the endocrine system in the following way: a. Production of growth hormone, lowered blood sugar, and improved insulin levels b. Reduction of growth hormone, increased blood sugar, and improved insulin levels c. Production of growth hormone, lowered blood sugar and lowered insulin levels d. Reduction of growth hormone, lowered blood sugar, and improved insulin levels

a. Production of growth hormone, lowered blood sugar, and improved insulin levels

Based upon Dr. Altug's lecture, which strategy or approach is not included for optimizing therapy for back pain patients/clients? a. Talk clearly with a loud voice for aging clients/patients b. Talk using motivational strategies for clients/patients c. Improve shared decision making with clients/patients d. Include interprofessional collaboration for the benefit of clients/patients

a. Talk clearly with a loud voice for aging clients/patients

Occupational therapy practitioners may contribute to a Lifestyle Medicine (LM) approach in a team environment if the area of consultation is covered already in the OT Practice act in which one resides and the practitioner is well-versed in the LM approach to care. a. True b. False

a. True

The Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Pain was described as a useful model to characterize behavioral influences in addition to biological, psychological and socio-cultural influences on pain. a. true b. false

a. true

A 35-year-old man with hereditary hyperlipidemia who wants to prevent cardiovascular disease asks how much at a minimum he should exercise a day. In addition to the time prescribed for moderate to vigorous daily activity, he should include muscle strengthening activities for at least how many days a week? a. 1 day a week b. 2 day a week c. 3 day a week d. 4 day a week

b. 2 day a week

A 48-year-old woman has started a new exercise program. According to the Transtheoretical Model, how long would she need to continue the new regimen before she would be considered to have moved from the Action stage, in which relapse is more likely, to the Maintenance stage? a. 12 months b. 6 months c. 3 months d. 24 months

b. 6 months

What is considered a moderate-intensity exercise using the % of maximal heart rate? a. 77-93% of maximal heart rate b. 64-76% of maximal heart rate c. 50-63% of maximal hear rate d. < 50 % of maximal heart rate

b. 64-76% of maximal heart rate

A 36-year-old woman presents for a wellness visit. Her vital signs and labs are within normal limits. She quit smoking last year. She has a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m2 and is now thinking about making an effort to lose weight in a few weeks when the school holidays end. What should the provider discuss with her at this visit regarding weight loss? a. Health risks associated with obesity b. A weight loss plan start date c. Personal health benefits of weight loss d. Strategies for weight loss maintenance

b. A weight loss plan start date

A 37-year-old woman wants to change her eating habits and reduce her body weight, although she is not certain she wants to engage in regular, moderately vigorous exercise. In conversation with a Coach, she decides to keep a log of her food and activity. Why is this strategy so important? a. If the woman does not document her exercise program, she will not likely do it. b. Close monitoring of one's behavior is the basis of self-regulation and therefore can enhance confidence to change. c. Gathering actual data about food and activity will help her see her poor choices. d. It is important that the Coach have data so the patient is accountable to them.

b. Close monitoring of one's behavior is the basis of self-regulation and therefore can enhance confidence to change.

Realistic goals are important to ensure the client is successful in meeting his/her goals and wishes for change. If a client rates their confidence in achieving a goal at a "6" on a scale of 0 to 10. What is the practitioner's next course of action? a. Continue to work with the client on the set goal b. Collaborate to re-evaluate the client's goal c. Discharge the client from services d. Ask the client if they are confident

b. Collaborate to re-evaluate the client's goal

One example you are demonstrating culturally responsive health management services across all pillars of lifestyle medicine would involve which of the following? a. Find someone on the team to provide care who matches the client's ethnicity b. Ensure the client understands and receives requested information in a manner that helps them understand health management across the pillars c. Assign clients who are culturally diverse from yourself to someone else on the team who is culturally diverse across all the pillars d. Allow the client to choose the care provider they wish to work with across all pillars

b. Ensure the client understands and receives requested information in a manner that helps them understand health management across the pillars

In Appendix A of Frates et al. (2021), the PAVING Wheel questionnaire is designed to determine if a client's score is diagnostic. a. True b. False

b. False

The LMA consists of items vetted by Lifestyle Medicine experts and mirror the items with similar evidence from the six pillars . Thus, a licensed occupational therapist can take these items out of context to diagnose a client. a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following statements best describes a significant cardiovascular benefit attributed to high-intensity interval training (HIIT)? a. HIIT primarily enhances cardiovasular health by promoting steady-state, low intensity exercise for extended periods. b. HIIT results in a decrease in cardiac output due to reduced stroke volume during intense exercise intervals. c. HITT leads to a reduction in heart rate variability, contributing to improved cardiovascular endurance. d. HITT has been shown to improve left ventricular diastolic function and increase cardiac efficiency.

b. HIIT results in a decrease in cardiac output due to reduced stroke volume during intense exercise intervals.

What is the effect of aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system? a. Decreased maximal cardiac output, increased myocardial oxygen demands, and decreased sympathetic hyperactivity. b. Increased maximal cardiac output, decreased myocardial oxygen demands, and decreased sympathetic hyperactivity c. Increased maximal cardiac output, increased myocardial oxygen demands, and increased sympathetic hyperactivity d. Decreased maximal cardiac output, decreased myocardial oxygen demands, and decreased sympathetic hyperactivity

b. Increased maximal cardiac output, decreased myocardial oxygen demands, and decreased sympathetic hyperactivity

In the acronym FITT, which is utilized to dose physical activity, the "I" stands for which of the following? a. Individual b. Intensity c. Interval d. Isometric

b. Intensity

Which of the following is true about positive psychology? a. It acknowledges the value of negative emotions, alone time, and reflecting on previous failures b. It reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy c. Avoidance of negative thoughts and emotions is preferable as these can serve as detractors to growth d. It emphasizes self-improvement by focusing on strengthening areas of weakness

b. It reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy

The article by Lamb et al. (2022) Personalized Lifestyle Interventions and Functional Evaluation Health Outcomes SurvEy... was best described in class as which of the following? a. A good example of a Lifestyle Medicine research study b. One example of a Functional Health research study c. A typical example of a randomized controlled study (RCT) in Lifestyle Medicine d. A Basic science research study based on an N-of-One Design

b. One example of a Functional Health research study

Together with her health care provider, a 48-year-old woman created an action plan to attend a one-hour chair yoga class two times a week at the local community center. On her next visit, the woman appears frustrated and shares, "I've only been able to make it to class once this week—I seriously can never do anything right." According to cognitive behavioral techniques, this statement is an example of which of the following types of non-productive thinking? a. Mind reading b. Overgeneralizing c. Fortune telling d. All or nothing

b. Overgeneralizing

Which of the following preventable risk factors is the leading risk factor for cancers related to lifestyle and the environment? a. Alcohol use b. Smoking c. Infections d. Overweight and obesity

b. Smoking

According to Social Cognitive Theory, self-efficacy, which is a powerful predictor of health behavior change, is most effectively increased through mastery experiences. For a patient who is focused on improving his eating habits, which of the following is the best example of a mastery experience in the context of a culinary medicine group visit? a. The patient observes someone similar to himself preparing a plant-based meal. b. The patient practices proper knife skills while chopping fruits and vegetables. c. The patient listens to practical tips and strategies to make grocery shopping easier. d. The patient receives words of encouragement regarding their intention to eat healthier.

b. The patient practices proper knife skills while chopping fruits and vegetables.

Affirming change talk and encouraging discouraged clients who wish to lose weight and eat healthier is best represented by which statement below? a. You can find your intrinsic motivation; I know you can. b. You have started shopping at a Farmer's market for fresh fruits and vegetables; that is a positive sign you are headed in the right direction. c. I believe you can do this and once you set a date, you will accomplish your goal. d. Please tell me what weight you will be at in one year?

b. You have started shopping at a Farmer's market for fresh fruits and vegetables; that is a positive sign you are headed in the right direction.

As described in class, Functional Health and Lifestyle Medicine are basically the same. a. True b. False

b. false

A 68-year-old healthy man who wants to prevent cardiovascular disease asks how much he should exercise. Which of the following is the minimum amount of moderate intensity aerobic activity recommended for adults? a. 90 minutes a week b. 120 minutes a week c. 150 minutes a week d. 180 minutes a week

c. 150 minutes a week

Dr. Frates mentions that big changes come from making small steps over time. This approach aligns with Occupational Therapy process approach in which a task is modified to become a 'just-right challenge'. Which term is Dr. Frates referring to? a. A psychological risk taking approach b. An incremental approach c. A cognitive "kaizen" step d. A mindful contemplative approach

c. A cognitive "kaizen" step

For the last three months a 14-year-old girl with prediabetes has successfully adhered to her plan of swimming for 20 minutes per day, five days a week after school, and she is excited to see the health improvements she has made. According to the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change (TTM), which of the following best describes the girl's current stage of change? a. Contemplation b. Preparation c. Action d. Maintenance

c. Action

AI interviewing refers to which of the following? a. Auto-Interview response b. Automatic Information exchange c. Appreciative Inquiry model d. Artificial Intelligence response

c. Appreciative Inquiry model

Patients/Clients with hypertension who do not engage in physical exercise, although it is recommended to help decrease blood pressure and better manage chronic health conditions, likely had which type of experience: a. A health care practitioner who lacks the time to inform their patients/clients of the benefits b. A health care practitioner who did not have training in the importance of physical exercise c. Both A and B d. Neither A or B

c. Both A and B

You meet weekly with a 40-year-old male client who is medically stable but overweight. The doctor referred him to Occupational Therapy to improve his overall endurance for preferred activities. After you have met with him several sessions you notice his progress is slower than what you expected. You ask him to tell you how likely he is in the next two weeks to improve his endurance in preferred activities on a scale of "0" (not at all) to "10" (highly likely). This approach best represents which response below? a. Pressuring the client when they are not ready b. Poor demonstration of empathy by the clinician c. Determining if the client is ready to make a change in the near future d. Only a good idea if you have been working with the client for some time

c. Determining if the client is ready to make a change in the near future

A 45-year-old individual with a family history of cardiovascular disease is seeking advice on incorporating regular physical activity into their routine. The healthcare provider emphasizes the numerous health benefits of exercise. Which of the following accurately describes a key physiological effect of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health? a. Decreased heart rate variability leading to improved cardiac performance b. Increased levels of LDL cholesterol promoting arterial plaque formation c. Enhanced endothelial function contributing to reduced blood pressure d. Heightened sympathetic nervous system activity resulting in reduced vasodilation

c. Enhanced endothelial function contributing to reduced blood pressure

The underlying goal of facilitating behavior change in your clients/patients is: a. Ensure the patient/client achieves his/her goals b. Ensure the patient/client reaches Termination Stage in TTM c. Ensure the patient/client finds their intrinsic motivation d. Ensure the patient/client reaches Maintenance Stage in TTM

c. Ensure the patient/client finds their intrinsic motivation

One of the best ways to get to know your client/patient when first coaching them involves: a. Giving them literature to review on their health challenge then ask questions about what they read b. Asking them lots of questions to get to the heart of the matter c. Focus on the client's strengths and use open-ended questions d. Give them examples of how coaching is different than an expert approach

c. Focus on the client's strengths and use open-ended questions

A practitioner who uses empathic listening is most likely doing which of the following? a. Saying "I'm sorry" to the client when the client expresses sadness b. Explaining to the client his/her shared health data is confidential c. Giving the client eye contact when the client speaks d. Taking notes to thoroughly capture the client's narrative

c. Giving the client eye contact when the client speaks

Compared to the guidelines for adults (18 to 64 years), the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that older adults (65 years and older) should aim to complete which of the following? a. One third of the recommended levels for adults b. Half of the recommended levels for adults c. The same as the recommended levels for adults d. One third more than the recommended levels for adults to compensate for age-related sarcopenia

c. The same as the recommended levels for adults

Self Determination Theory is considered useful in practice because: a. The theory is evidence-based and factual b. The theory assists in predicting which client will succeed in life c. The theory aligns with assisting clients to rely on intrinsic motivation d. The theory provides step-by-step answers to work with the client

c. The theory aligns with assisting clients to rely on intrinsic motivation

One of the key reasons to use the PAVING wheel is explained as which response. a. To determine if the client is well or not b. To help find one's body, mind, and spirit c. To pinpoint areas to improve upon d. To help find one's intrinsic motivation

c. To pinpoint areas to improve upon

The difference between a SMART goal and a WOOP goal is best represented by which statement? a. Both are measurable b. Neither is realistic c. A SMART goal is measurable but not realistic d. A WOOP goal is an inner process for goal setting

d. A WOOP goal is an inner process for goal setting

Adult Learning Theory is relevant to Lifestyle Medicine because _________. a. All clients are adults b. Adult learners are practical and full of WOOP goals c. Adult learners need guidance and goal setting d. Adult learners are autonomous and relevancy oriented

d. Adult learners are autonomous and relevancy oriented

You are part of an inter-disciplinary team working with clients who need help finding reliable evidence on managing their health concerns. You refer to the research article by Armstrong-Heimsoth et al. (2019) Health Management: Occupational Therapy's Key Role...)which helps you determine which of the following. a. Finding trustworthy information online promotes health literacy b. Teaching clients to find reliable health information online is a skill OTs can successfully teach c. Clients can be empowered to fully participate in finding online care d. All of these responses

d. All of these responses

A 32-year-old sedentary individual with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m² is seeking guidance on creating an exercise regimen to improve cardiovascular fitness and aid in weight management. The healthcare provider recommends an exercise prescription that incorporates the principles of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Which of the following components is most crucial when prescribing an effective HIIT regimen for this individual? a. Sustaining a consistently high intensity throughout the entire excercise session b. Incorporating at least 60 minutes of aerobic exercise in each HIIT session c. Allow increasingly longer recovery period between HIIT intervals to prevent fatigue d. Alternating brief periods of vigorous exercise with low-intensity active recovery intervals.

d. Alternating brief periods of vigorous exercise with low-intensity active recovery intervals.

A 74-year-old man with type 2 diabetes shares that for the past week he has been struggling to maintain his healthy eating plan. He states that this is mostly because he has been eating the leftover chips and cookies from the birthday party he hosted for his granddaughter last weekend. Which of the following strategies is most beneficial in addressing this lapse? a. Invite the patient to reflect on his previously unhealthy diet and how his choices impacted his healt b. Advise the patient going forward to forego situations that may trigger maladaptive dietary habits c. Educate the patient as to the negative health consequences associated with consuming processed foods d. Ask about the specific triggers for the lapse and create a plan to navigate high-risk situations in the future

d. Ask about the specific triggers for the lapse and create a plan to navigate high-risk situations in the future

Appendix B of Frates et al. (2021) describes the Lifestyle Medicine Assessment (LMA). As reported in class, the LMA is suitable for use in which situation. a. As a screening tool for adults (18-65) administered by a board-certified lifestyle medicine practitioner b. As a screening tool for adults (18-65) administered in a team setting with additional assessments (e.g. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, COPM) administered by a licensed occupational therapist c. Neither A nor B d. Both A and B

d. Both A and B

Which leader in Occupational Therapy contributed significantly to the social justice terms of occupational imbalance, occupational alienation, occupational deprivation and, occupational marginalization? a. Dr. Adolf Myer b. Dr. Brent Braveman c. Dr. Florence Clark d. Dr. Ann Wilcock

d. Dr. Ann Wilcock

A 39-year-old woman wants to make several behavioral lifestyle changes including those involving diet, sleep hygiene, exercise and alcohol reduction. Her health coach applies an approach based on Social Cognitive Theory by asking her to take account of social and environmental factors and her thinking styles to assist her. Which of the following characteristics of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is central to behavior change? a. Autonomy and connectedness as primary drivers of SCT b. Motivational readiness potentiated by environmental social suppor c. Vicarious social learning supporting sustained behavior change d. Effect of mastery experiences on self-efficacy beliefs

d. Effect of mastery experiences on self-efficacy beliefs

A 45-year-old sedentary individual with a body mass index (BMI) of 31 kg/m² presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. Family history reveals that both parents have type 2 diabetes. The patient is concerned about their diabetes risk and asks about the role of exercise in prevention. Which of the following statements best reflects the current medical evidence regarding exercise efficacy in preventing type 2 diabetes? a. Increasing physical activity is most effective in preventing diabetes by directly reducing body weight. b. Regular physical activity primarily impacts diabetes prevention through its effect on increasing insulin production c. Engaging in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is the optimal exercise approach for diabetes prevention. d. Exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce visceral adiposity to lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

d. Exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce visceral adiposity to lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States? a. Cancer b. Stroke c. COVID-19 d. Heart Disease

d. Heart Disease

The Social Determinants of Health are important to consider with all clients and consist of all of the following except which response? a. Economic stability b. Neighborhood and built environment c. Social and community centers d. Mental stability e. Education and Health care access and quality

d. Mental stability

Which pillar(s) of Lifestyle Medicine lends themselves to Occupational Therapy's role in health management? a. Nutrition b. Physical Activity c. Social and Emotional Health d. Nutrition, Physical Activity, Social and Emotional Health

d. Nutrition, Physical Activity, Social and Emotional Health

Which Integrative approach to treating back pain, while providing relief, had the lowest level of supporting evidence based upon Dr. Altug's lecture? a. Yoga b. Pilates c. Tai Chi d. Qigong

d. Qigong

An assessment of a 78-year-old woman finds that she would benefit from balance exercises to prevent falls. Which of the following is the most important step when first prescribing balance exercises for this woman? a. Having the patient practice standing on an unstable surface. b. Having the patient practice standing with eyes closed to improve proprioception. c. Screening for osteoporosis. d. Starting with exercise using a hand-held support to aid stability

d. Starting with exercise using a hand-held support to aid stability

Which of the following countries' health care system performs the worst compared to the amount of spending? a. United Kingdom b. Canada c. Australia d. United States

d. United States

Motivational interviewing relies on evoking change talk for clients with chronic health problems who wish to make a health change. Which statement below best represents this step? a. Ask the client the first session for the date they will make the change b. Advise the client to make the change or they will have a chronic health disability c. Tell the client to write a SMART goal d. Use empathy and ask the client how this change will affect their lives

d. Use empathy and ask the client how this change will affect their lives