LIN 200 (2)

Adapting the pronunciation of a word from a language so that it is easier to pronounce in another language is called conceptual borrowing.

False

Attrition is the process in which the heritage language grammar begins to resemble the dominant language grammar.

False

Bilinguals code-switch because they aren't fluent in either language.

False

For someone to be considered fluent in a language, they must be able to listen, speak, read, and write in that language.

False

Gender differences in speech are largely because of genetics, not socialization.

False

Heritage languages are completely lost after one generation.

False

Languages are concrete entities that do not change with time.

False

PSE (Pidgin Signed English) is a natural language.

False

Singular 'they' is a new phenomenon

False

Which of the following is a feature of Chicano English?

Multiple negation

Which sentence is an example of 'quotative like'?

My brother was like: "I'm leaving now"

What factors affect the use of gender-neutral pronouns? - People's personality type - People's attitude about gender - People's level of education

Only I and II

(1) Languages undergo constant changes.

True

(4) Immigrant languages have primarily led to language diversity in the U.S.

True

(5) National origin discrimination is a broad term that could include linguistic discrimination.

True

Age is an important factor in whether the heritage language skills are lost or not.

True

Both monolinguals and bilinguals engage in code-switching.

True

Certain nationalities of immigrants settled in different places of the U.S, grouping certain cultures in certain areas. Ex. Puerto Ricans mainly settled in NY and NJ

True

Circumstantial bilinguals are bilinguals out of necessity, not choice.

True

Inclusive language supports not only gender diversity, but inclusion of any group.

True

Monolingualism is considered the norm in the U.S., but not worldwide.

True

(3) Heritage speakers and adult language forgetters are synonymous.

False

50 - 75% of America's population is bilingual.

False

A forensic linguist can determine exactly who committed a crime.

False

Which of the following statements is an example of a prescriptivist view about language?

"There is only one correct way of speaking English and the other forms are simply incorrect."

What year was Paso del Norte, TX founded?

1682

First Spanish city in the U.S.

16th century

First English city in the U.S.

17th century

When was the first American School for the Deaf founded?

1817

When was the first American School for the Deaf founded?

1817 in Hartford, CT

In what year was ASL forbidden from being taught in schools?

1880

Catholic missions in the U.S.

18th century

Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty

19th century

More immigrants from Latin America

20th century

More G2 Hispanics/Latinos

21st century

About how many Spanish speakers are in the world?

500 million

What is the difference between a borrowing and a calque?

A borrowing comes from another language both in form and function, while a calque comes only in function.

What evidence can be used by a forensic linguist? Check all that apply. - handwriting samples - audio recordings word-choice - word-choice - orthography

All of the above

What statement(s) contribute to the myth that Latin Americans refuse to learn English?

All of the above

Which of the following grammatical features are found in Rachel Jeantel's speech during her testimony? (Mark all that apply) - Habitual be - Remote past BIN - Absence of plural s - Copula absence

All of the above

Which of the following is an example of linguistic discrimination?

All of the other options are correct

What would be considered as a phonological features of sign languages?

Configuration of the hands

Which of these statements is an accurate portrayal of Chicano English?

Chicano is a dialect of American English.

Which of the following terms refers to an individual who must learn a second language in order to function in society?

Circumstantial bilingual

Which of the following is NOT a cause of American hostility toward bilingualism?

Concern for public welfare

(2) Heritage languages are acquired in school.

False

English-speaking American students who learn a second language in high school are:

Elective bilinguals

Language-related discrimination has no legal resources

FALSE

Languages have several dialects because they have linguistic versatility.

FALSE

The addition of linguists in court cases would not prove beneficial because they would be unable to provide expert information and knowledge and would overall serve no purpose.

False

The majority of bilinguals are balanced bilinguals.

False

The population of bilingual speakers in the U.S. is decreasing.

False

The terms 'Hispanic' and 'Spanish-speaking' can be used interchangeably because all Latinx people speak Spanish.

False

True or False: AAE and Standard English have the same phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.

False

What European sign language is ASL based on?

French (Parisian) Sign Language

How can knowing about language use contribute to support marginalized groups? - It helps us identify and call out oppressive language. - It makes us evaluate our own words to promote equality. - It teaches us that variation is a natural part of language.

I, II and III

One of the many innovations of today's English is that "they" has different uses. What uses does today's "they" have? - To refer to a group of people - To refer to a generic person - To refer to a specific person

I, II and III

Languages spoken by immigrants are called:

Immigrant Languages

Where in the grammar of English can we find gender marking?

In the English pronoun system

Which of the following is NOT true about code-switching?

It demonstrates incomplete fluency

Which of the following is NOT true about balanced bilingualism?

It is common in simultaneous bilinguals

The Spanish verb typear, which comes from the English verb "type", is an example of a:

Lexical borrowing

Where in the U.S. does the history of ASL begin?

Martha's Vineyard, MA (late 17th century)

Which of the following is false? - National origin discrimination does not include linguistic discrimination - You can experience a case of linguistic discrimination even if English is your native language - The standard language ideology is the belief that there is a unique correct way of speaking a language - Many people find nothing wrong with linguistic discrimination.

National origin discrimination does not include linguistic discrimination

Which of the following grammatical features is not a part of African American Vernacular English?

Need + past participle

Which of these features has been linked primarily to the speech of women? - Sexist language - Creaky voice - Uptalk

Only II and III

Which of the following is false? - There are always systematic rules that govern a language variety - Prestigious varieties are more correct than other varieties - There is no homogenous language - Everyone speaks one dialect or another

Prestigious varieties are more correct than other varieties

What is the name for bilinguals who acquire their second language some time after their first?

Sequential bilinguals

Individuals derive their use of language patterns from people who they interact with regularly. Which concept does this definition fit best?

Social network theory

Many people find nothing wrong with linguistic discrimination.

TRUE

The standard language ideology is the belief that there is a unique correct way of speaking a language.

TRUE

They jury ignored Rachel Jeantel's testimony alleging lack of intelligibility and credibility.

TRUE

You can experience a case of linguistic discrimination even if English is your native language.

TRUE

What is a "reclaimed epithet"?

Terms of derision that are redefined, to some extent, as expressions of pride by members of the group they are intended deingrate.

What can we learn from the Swedish case regarding pronouns?

The use of gender-neutral pronouns contributes to less biased decisions that can affect people.

What is the regular behavior of American English speakers regarding the pronouns "it" and "ze"?

They don't like to use either "it" or "ze" to refer to a generic person.

Which of the following is true about language and literacy tests?

They favor monolingual students.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic language abilities?

Thinking

Who founded the American School for the Deaf?

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet & Laurent Clerc

Sign languages have linguistic features, just like spoken languages.

True

Swedish 'hen' is borrowed from a neighboring language with ungendered pronouns.

True

The majority of 4th generation of Hispanic/Latinx families lose their Spanish.

True

The number of bilinguals in the U.S. is increasing.

True

There is a difference between "being deal" and "being Deaf".

True

True or False: Every use of singular "they" uses a plural morphology in the verb

True

True or false: Slang is a way speakers mark themselves as members of a social group.

True

U.S. bilingual education policy has a history of promoting cultural assimilation through linguistic assimilation.

True

Vocal fry is stigmatized when women use it, but not when men do.

True

While some research shows that heritage speakers do not reach monolingual baselines, they still tend to outperform L2 learners of that language.

True

If a Spanish or Latino actor plays a stereotypical role in a TV show or movie, that is considered

Typecasting

Conceptual borrowing refers to:

When you translate an idea from any language into an expression in your own language

Is there any difference between benevolent and hostile sexism?

Yes, benevolent sexism is prejudice disguised as a positive attitude, whereas hostile sexism is an overt form of prejudice.

Did ASL survive despite the oralist education?

Yes, of course!

What's an example of a forensic text?

a ransom letter

A language qualifies as a heritage language if: - the language spoken is not a dominant language of the larger society - the language is acquired naturalistically - all of the options - the language is spoken at home

all of the options

Heritage languages become different from the baseline (the monolingual standard of comparison) through: - all of the options - attrition - transfer - divergent attainment

all of the options

Immigrant languages spoken in the U.S. include: - Spanish - Russian - all of the options - Korean

all of the options

Why does language attrition occur with heritage languages?

bilingualism

Which of the following is not considered a Swedish prononun for the 3rd person singular?

hun

Forensic Linguistics is the application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights in...

law enforcement

Forensic linguists

shrink the list of possible suspects

By what generation is most of the heritage language gone, and children become monolingual speakers of English?

third

Dominant languages can impact heritage languages. This is known as:

transfer