Linux Chapter 5

comm

Compares and outputs lines common to two files. -1 do not display lines that are only in file 1 -2 do not display lines that are only in file 2 -3 do not display lines appearing in both file1 and file2

diff

Compares two files and determines which lines differ. -b ignores blanks that repeat -B does not compare for blank lines. -i ignores case -c shows lines surrounding the line that differs (for context) -y displays the differences side-by-side in columns

wc

Counts the number of lines, bytes, or words in a file. -c counts the number of bytes or characters -l counts the number of lines -w counts the number of words

sh

Executes a shell script.

pr

Formats a specified file. -d double-spaces the output -h customizes the header line -l n sets the number of lines per page

uniq

Removes duplicate lines to create unique output. -u outputs only the lines of the source file that are not duplicated. -d outputs one copy of each line that has a duplicate, and does not show unique lines -i ignores case -c starts each line by showing the number of each instance

grep

Selects lines or rows. -i ignores case -l lists only file names -c only counts the number of lines matching the pattern instead of showing them. -r searches through files under subdirectories -n includes the line number for each line found -v displays only lines that don't contain the search pattern

sed

Specifies an editing command or a script file containing sed commands. a/ appends text after a line p displays lines d deletes specified text s substitutes specified text -e specifies multiple commands on one line -n indicates line numbers on which to work

printf

Tells the Awk program what action to take for formatting and printing information

tr

Translates characters. -d deletes input characters found in string1 from the output -s checks for sequences of string1 repeated consecutive times