Logic HW 1a-1d

Instructions: Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments. I got at least a 95 on all my exams in this course. The syllabus says that anything over a 92 is an A. So, I expect to get an A for the course.

Argument

Instructions: Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments. It follows from the fact that she eats pork, chicken, beef, mutton, veal, venison, turkey, and fish that she must not be a vegetarian.

Argument

A strong inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is probably true.

True

A valid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is impossible for the conclusion to be false.

True

A weak inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is not probably true.

True

An invalid argument is automatically an unsound argument.

True

An invalid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is possible for the conclusion to be false.

True

Every statement is either true or false; these two possibilities are called truth values.

True

What ancient Greek word is our word "logic" derived from?

Logos

According to Aristotle's theory of the categories, how many categories are there?

10: Substance and the 9 Accidents

What distinguishes Aristotle's approach to the study of arguments from that of classical Indian or Chinese philosophers?

Aristotle was the only one to focus on validity apart from the other parts of arguments.

Aristotle's logic can be described as...

Catergorical

Instructions: Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive. The exam's range of C scores is 70-79. I got a 98 on the exam. Therefore, I did not get a C on the exam.

Deductive

According to Aristotle's theory of the syllogism, a syllogism must have a...

Distributed middle term

Is the following passage an argument or an explanation? The judge agreed with her, but charged too high a bond, so the auction went on.

Explanation

According to If A, then B, what is one of the things that differentiate logical truths from truths about objects

Logical truths are independent of time and place.

Is the following passage an argument or an explanation? The reason why Battlin' Jack has won eight fights in a row is not due to superior conditioning—he's still just as old and over the hill as he was before this streak began. Nor is it due to inferior opponents. The real cause is that the fights have been rigged. The mob controls the fights in this part of town.

Explanation

A deductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows probably from the premises

False

A valid argument is automatically a sound argument.

False

An argument is any group of statements.

False

An argument must have at least two premises.

False

An inductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.

False

According to medieval logicians, what is the difference between physics and logic?

Physics is about contingency; while logic is about possibility and necessity.

Aristotle's teacher was...

Plato

Instructions: Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 1 Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium are harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart. Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium.

Premise

Instructions: Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 6 Building fuel-efficient cars helps reduce gasoline consumption. Dependency on foreign oil for gasoline production is a drain on the economy. Offshore oil drilling is dangerous. Oil spills through faulty drilling are hazardous to life; so are large tanker spills. Carbon emissions are hurting the environment. We need to start building more fuel-efficient cars. Large tanker spills are hazardous to life.

Premise

Instructions: Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 1 Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium is harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium.

Premise

Aristotle's school was known as...

The Lyceum

A single counterexample to a deductive argument is enough to show that an argument is invalid.

True

A statement is a sentence that is either true or false.

True