Logical Reasoning (part one)

abductive reason

(also called abduction, abductive inference, or retroduction) a logical assumption formed by observations that is turned into a hypothesis. The conclusion that is drawn is merely an educated guess and is, therefore, not absolutely verifiable or true.

deductive reasoning

(also called deductive logic, logical deduction, or "top down" logic) the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.

logic

(originally meaning "the word' or "what is spoken" but coming to mean "thought" or "reason"), is generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of arguments.

inferences

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

conclusion

a judgment or decision reached by reasoning. the conclusion of an argument may be signified by words like therefore, hence, ergo, etc.

inductive reasoning

a method of drawing a probable conclusion from an emerging configuration of data. While the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain, the truth of an inductive argument is PROBABLE, based on the evidence given.

valid argument

an argument where there is a specific relation of logical support between the assumptions of the argument and its conclusion

premise(s)

noun a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion: "if the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true" an assertion or proposition which forms the basis for a work or theory: "the fundamental premise of the report" verb base an argument, theory, or undertaking on: "the reforms were premised on our findings" state or presuppose (something) as a premise: "one school of thought premised that the cosmos is indestructible" state by way of introduction: "I will premise generally that I hate lecturing"

logical reasoning

the capacity of understanding statements and making sense of them using logic. It is broken down into two major types called deductive and inductive reasoning. It involves analyzing and verifying available facts, and either changing or justifying and explanation based on this information.

fallacy

the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is. Some fallacies are committed intentionally to manipulate or persuade by deception, while others are committed unintentionally due to carelessness or ignorance.