Lucas Chapter 6

What does being audience-centered involve?

Gaining the desired response from the audience

How can speakers ensure they are being audience-centered?

1. By considering the audience's backgrounds, interests, knowledge, and attitudes 2. By making their ideas clear, interesting, and persuasive to the audience 3. By opening the speech with a noncommittal position

When preparing speeches, speakers are advised to analyze group characteristics in order to do which of the following?

1. Choose appropriate talking points and support material 2. Help create goodwill during the speech 3. Choose appropriate language

A classroom audience usually expects the speaker to do which of the following?

1. Conform to time parameters 2. Conform to the assignment 3. Follow standards for taste and decorum

What factors in situational audience analysis are related to physical setting?

1. Lighting of the room 2. Placement of chairs 3. Temperature of the room

A news anchor at a city television station was asked by a rural food bank to speak at its annual fund-raiser. Even though the fund-raiser was being held in a distant town, she agreed and began trying to find out all she could about her audience. What are ways that she can discover her the specific characteristics of her audience?

1. Searching the food bank's Web site for information about its past donors 2. Attending a meeting of the food bank's board of directors 3. Asking for more information from the person who invited her 4. Talking to the speaker from the previous year's event

While creating a persuasive argument supporting Planned Parenthood, Kate decided to deal with any audience objections by first discovering their religious affiliations. Why?

She wanted to anticipate emotionally charged and passionate reactions.

Audience adaptation occurs

before and during a speech

According to a Brookings Institution report, racial _______________ may be "the most defining and impactful characteristic of the millennial generation."

diversity

Ruby, the new mother of an adopted Korean infant, decided to explain the process of overseas adoptions to her speech class. Knowing that there were other parents in the class, Ruby was not certain how much the others understood about the process. What is the best type of question Ruby could use to find out whether or not her audience knows the steps in overseas adoption or is unsure about the steps?

fixed alternative question

Cameron gave a speech in class about the use of infrared technology in government projects. After his speech, one of his classmates asked, "This is all very impressive, but what is infrared technology and how does it affect me?" Then, Cameron realized he had made several errors, including

misjudging the audience's knowledge on infrared technology and neglecting to connect the topic to the audience's experiences.

open-ended questions

questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

fixed-alternative questions

questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives

'' In addition to factoring in the audience size and physical setting of a speech, a(n) ___________________ audience analysis also considers how the

situational

When giving a speech for a school rally, what is the most important factor to consider for audience analysis?

the occasion

True or false: An audience's characteristic group membership is important because it can give clues about listeners' attitudes and interests.

true

Adapting to an audience before the speech means that speakers should do which of the following?

1. Understand the beliefs and attitudes of the audience. 2. Anticipate how listeners might respond. 3. Try to determine questions the audience might have.

Which of the following are questions to keep in mind when developing an audience-centered speech?

1. What is the most effective way to compose my speech to accomplish my aim? 2. What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? 3. To whom am I speaking?