LUOA U.S. History Test Topic 5 Study Guide

According to the lesson, an oil rush began in the 1860s in which of the following states?

Pennsylvania

Which of the following is true of the Compromise of 1877? [Please choose all that apply.]

-An agreement was made to pull military support out of the South -Rutherford B. Hayes became President -It signaled the end of Reconstruction as Republican governments collapsed and white democrats gained control of the South

The violent __________ Affair in Chicago led to the demise of the _________ of Labor, a powerful national labor union.

-Haymarket -Knights

The market for beef in the early nineteenth century was underwhelming, but Texans still maintained cattle ranches for __________, and __________ animal fat used in the production of candles and soap.

-Leather -Tallow

Supporters of the ruling class of lawyers, merchants, businessmen, and planters in the South called them __________ while their detractors referred to them as __________.

-Redeemers -Bourbons

Which of the following united in 1889 to form the new National Alliance, which eventually led to the establishment of the People's Party in 1892? [Choose all that apply.]

-The Northern Farmers' Alliance -The Southern Farmers' Alliance

Which of the following inventions are attributed to Thomas A. Edison? [Please choose all that apply.]

-The phonograph -The electric motor -The storage battery -The motion picture camera

Who were the primary targets of the KKK in the South during Reconstruction? [Please choose all that apply.]

-White Republicans -African-American

By the end of the nineteenth century, what percentage of whites in the South were not able to read?

11

According to the lesson, approximately how many black Southerners were killed by lynch mobs between 1892 and 1903?

2,000

According to the lesson, the unemployment rate averaged around which of the following between 1893 and 1898?

20 Percent

Between 1865 and 1897, the national railway network grew from 35,000 to almost ___________ miles of track.

200,000

About what percentage of American cowboys were African Americans?

25%

According to the lesson, approximately how many unskilled urban workers lost their jobs in a matter of months after the start of the Depression of 1893?

25%

According to the lesson, approximately how many African Americans traveled to Northern cities between 1890 and 1910?

300,000

According to the lesson, the average steelworker worked approximately how many hours per week during the Gilded Age?

84

Which of the following prompted the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

A 10% pay cut among many rail company workers.

Which of the following best describes a holding company?

A company that holds a significant amount of stock in several other companies within the same industry.

According to the lesson, which of the following was the most important ingredient to the rise of big business?

A growing Population and the availability of cheap labor.

Which of the following individuals is famous for inventing the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bland-Allison Act of 1878 and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890?

Allow the limited coinage of silver

Which of the following best describes most American's attitude concerning political parties during the Gilded Age?

Americans were extremely loyal to their party.

Which of the following best describes most American's attitude concerning political parties during the Gilded Age??

Americans were extremely loyal to their party.

Because of its connection to the fringes of the labor movement, ____________________ caused many Americans to link labor unions with violent protest and terrorism.

Anarchism

Which of the following individuals called himself a "distributor" of wealth, believing that he had a duty to give back to those who had helped him acquire his riches?

Andrew Carnegie

Which of the following individuals is most closely associated with the steel-making industry?

Andrew Carnegie

Which of the following Southern cities became the largest producer of coal and steel in the South?

Birmingham, Alabama

Who became the champion of a position known as the Atlanta Compromise?

Booker T. Washington

Before the discovery of bright-leaf tobacco, most people smoked tobacco in pipes, but the new strain of tobacco was suitable for ______________, which became a boom for the tobacco industry in the upper South.

Cigarettes

Grover ______________, the nominee of the Democrat Party, won the election of 1892, though Populists gained a significant portion of the popular vote.

Cleveland

In the 1870s, Democrats in the South reorganized the party platform as a _______________ movement.

Conservative

Although Samuel Tilden received the majority of the popular vote and seemed ahead in the Electoral College, what created controversy regarding the outcome of the election?

Contested Electorial votes from South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.

In 1868, a conservative resurgence known collectively as ___________ _________________ began in earnest in the South.

Counter Reconstruction

Jacob ___________, a Populist businessman from Ohio, began to push for a government public-works program for the unemployed. His ideas gained a significant following in 1894.

Coxey

_________________ became a major concern in the South as the timber industry grew, but a warm climate helped limit the ecological devastation the industry may have caused.

Deforestation

Political machines in Northeastern cities were more closely associated with the _______________ Party.

Democrat

Which of the following best describes the campaign of William Jennings Bryan in the Election of 1896?

Energetic and active

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Civil Service Commission, established in 1883?

Ensure that all federal jobs be appointed by a merit system.

Which of the following individuals became the leader of the American Socialist Party in 1897 with support from the American Railway Union?

Eugene V. Debs

Which of the following religious groups tended to identify with Republicans during the Gilded Age?

Evangelicals

_____________ _______________ formed in the 1870s as a direct outgrowth of the Granger Movement. These organizations allowed farmers to cooperate in order to gain better prices for their produce, better loans, and lower freight rates.

Farmers' Alliances

Marxist ideals gained influence in the United States through immigrants from which of the following European countries?

Germany

Which of the following best describes laissez-faire economics, which was an important government policy during the Gilded Age?

Government generally did not interfere with businesses.

Which of the following was the only Democratic Party candidate to win the Presidency between 1869 and 1914?

Grover Cleveland

Which of the following best describes President Cleveland's response to labor strikes in his second term?

He opposed them, sometimes with force.

Which of the following best describes journalist T. McCants Stewart's experience as an African American visiting the South in the 1880s?

He was surprised to find relative acceptance and freedom.

Which of the following US cities was first founded as a mining boom town?

Helena Montana

As editor of the Atlanta Constitution, who wrote an article detailing his vision for "The New South"?

Henry W. Grady

Which of the following best describes the management structure of most big businesses during the Gilded Age?

Hierarchical

What was the name of the mining technique that used high-pressure water cannons to break away hillsides to reveal valuable minerals?

Hydraulic mining

Political machines in Northeastern and Midwestern cities had the most influence with which of the following?

Immigrants

According to the lesson, which of the following was NOT a significant source of new workers in the American economy during the Gilded Age?

Immigration from Canada Mexico

Which of the following best describes what Western miners and farmers called the "Crime of '73?"

In 1873, Republicans in Congress stopped the production of silver coins.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bland-Allison Act of 1878, which President Hayes attempted but failed to block with his veto?

Increased the money supply by minting more silver coins.

Though he was involved in several industries, J.P. Morgan first acquired his wealth through which of the following?

Investment banking

Which of the following best describes the provisions of the Contract Labor Act of 1864?

It allowed private businesses to pay for an immigrant's passage to the United States.

Which of the following best describes the provisions of the Contract Labor Act of 1864?

It allowed the Federal Government to pay for an immigrant's passage to the United States.

Which of the following was NOT one of the provisions of the Enforcement Acts passed in response to the rise of the KKK?

It became a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to life, liberty, and property.

Which of the following individuals gained significant profits from Cleveland's decision to allow the Treasury to borrow money from Wall Street investment bankers?

J.P. Morgan

Which of the following built the American Tobacco Company, which came to control 75 percent of all tobacco manufacturing by 1904?

James B. Duke

Which of the following individuals became the People's Party nominee for President in the Election of 1892?

James B. Weaver

Which of the following led the Republican "Half-Breeds" and was the Republican nominee for President in 1884?

James Gillespie Blaine

Laws that discriminated against blacks in the South became known as _______ ________ laws after the name of a derogatory black character in a famous minstrel show.

Jim Crow

_______ _______ laws in the South ensured that the region would remain firmly Democrat due to restrictions on black voters.

Jim Crow

Which of the following individuals is most closely associated with the oil industry during the Gilded Age?

John D. Rockefeller

Which of the following individuals became the Presidential nominee of the Gold Democrats?

John M. Palmer

For most of the nineteenth century, oil was mainly used to produce which of the following important commodities?

Kerosene

The most important and influential secret society that arose in the South to oppose Radical Reconstruction was the ______________________.

Ku Klux Klan

Beginning in 1866, Texas cowboys would move cattle north more than 1,000 miles in order to bring them to market. This annual ritual became known as the __________ __________.

Long Drive

Which of the following individuals coined the term "Gilded Age?"

Mark Twain

Into which state did President Grant refuse to send federal troops to restore order after race riots began in 1875, thus marking the end of the military component of Reconstruction?

Mississippi

How did the legacy of the Civil War impact party politics in the Gilded Age?

Most Americans voted based on their viewpoint during the Civil War.

Thomas Edison's invention of the electric ___________________ was particularly useful in industrial settings, because if freed factories from reliance on rivers or coal to supply energy, allowing them to be located almost anywhere.

Motor

Which of the following was the name of the Republican movement of educated elites that pulled their support from James Gillespie Blaine amid charges of corruption?

Mugwumps

Which of the following individuals founded the Patrons of Husbandry in 1867, which later spawned the Granger Movement?

Oliver H. Kelley

Which of the following is NOT a natural resource that helped to contribute to the industrial and economic boom of the Gilded Age?

Petroleum

Which 1886 Supreme Court case upheld segregation laws in the South, provided that all accommodations for blacks and whites were "separate, but equal"?

Plessyy v. Ferguson

The National Labor Union was more focused on ____________________ change than on bargaining with big business.

Political

___________ taxes limited the voting rights of black Southerners by requiring citizens to pay a fee in order to vote.

Poll

_____________ mining, which was sometimes called lode or hard-rock mining, required the construction of tunnels and pumps to remove water from underground caverns.

Quartz

In 1887, during Grover Cleveland's first term, Congress passed legislation to create the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with regulating the ___________ freight prices.

Railroad

According to the lesson, which of the following industries was the first to produce modern corporations?

Railroads

Though he later came to dominate other industries, Andrew Carnegie was a manager in which of the following industries before 1873?

Railroads

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the "Granger laws," established by members of the Granger Movement after 1874?

Regulating banks and railroads

In the Election of 1876, both the Republicans and Democrats favored _______________________________.

Relaxing radical Reconstruction policies and a return of state rule in the South

Most black Southerners who held public office in the 1880s were members of the _____________ Party.

Republican

Northeastern workers threw their support to the ______________ Party in the Election of 1896 in one of the most dramatic changes to voter alignment in the nation's history.

Republican

Most African Americans in the South identified with the ______________ Party after the Civil War.

Republicans

Which of the following best describes the major goal of the Workingmen's Party of California?

Restrict Chinese Immigration

Which of the following Presidents campaigned on a promise to fight corruption after Grant's scandal-filled term in office?

Rutherford B. Hayes

Which of the following individuals led the American Federation of Labor almost continually from 1886 to 1924?

Samuel Gompers

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the "Granger laws," established by members of the Granger Movement after 1874?

Set maximum prices for transporting and storing farmer's produce.

_________________ was an agricultural system whereby a farm laborer worked someone else's land in return for supplies and a portion of the crop he produced.

Sharecropping

In 1893, President Cleveland convinced Congress to repeal the Sherman _____________ Purchase Act, which led to the rise of the _____________ Democrats to oppose Cleveland's actions. [One word will answer both blanks.]

Silver

Between 1860 and 1920, the United States accepted 28 million immigrants. Most of these immigrants came from which of the following parts of the world?

Southern and Eastern Europe

The _______________ Republicans chose their name for their unwavering support of President Grant and argued for the continuance of the spoils system.

Stalwart

What was the name of Boss Tweed's political institution that dominated politics in New York City?

Tammany Hall

Which of the following issues became the main focus of the Election of 1888?

Tariff Reform

What was the name of multifamily dwellings in many American cities that were usually between four and six stories high and housed dozens of families living side by side?

Tenements

Which of the following individuals became the leader of the Knights of Labor in 1879 and helped it become a national organization?

Terrence Powderly

Between 1880 and 1900, the South surpassed New England as the largest producer in which of the following industries?

Textiles

Which of the following eventually became the nation's largest labor union, reaching its peak at four million members in 1920?

The American Federation of Labor

Eugene V. Debs, who played a key role in the Pullman Strike, led which of the following labor unions?

The American Railway Union

What organization came alongside Eugene V. Debs in the Pullman Strike?

The American Railway Union

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act gave which of the following US Federal departments greater power to break up monopolies?

The Department of Justice

What was the main persuasive goal of the "Cross of Gold" Speech?

The Federal Government should allow the unlimited coinage of silver.

Which of the following best describes most Americans' view of the Federal government during the Gilded Age?

The Federal government was insignificant in most Americans' lives.

Laws that disenfranchised blacks violated or circumvented which Constitutional Amendment?

The Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following labor unions had a radical, utopian vision of an economic system based on cooperation rather than competition?

The Knights of Labor

Which of the following was the first labor union engaged on a national scale made up of representatives from several craft unions?

The National Labor Union

What event in 1873 shifted the focus of the Republicans to economic matters and created a depression that lasted for six years?

The Panic of 1873

Which of the following incidents set off a nationwide panic that led to the Depression of 1893?

The Philadelphia and Reading Railroads declared bankruptcy.

Formed in 1877 out of the International Workingmen's Association, which of the following was the first Socialist political party in the United States?

The Socialist Labor Party

Democrats in which of the following regions were the most aggressive advocates of the unlimited coinage of silver?

The West

On May 1, 1866, the Knights of Labor organized a one-day general strike of 340,000 workers that eventually led to the Haymarket Affair. What was the goal of that strike?

The establishment of an eight-hour workday

Which of the following individuals did the Populists nominate for Vice President in the Election of 1896?

Thomas E. Watson

The railroad industry created standardized__________ zones that we still use today.

Time

Which of the following remained one of the most important crops in Virginia and the upper South after the Civil War?

Tobacco

According to the lesson, which of the following was NOT caused by the expansion of railroad networks?

Train Equipment remained standardized.

Which of the following is NOT true of unions formed during the mining booms?

Unions ultimately proved to be ineffective at helping miners receive at helping miners receive better treatment.

What was the name of the Supreme Court case which severely weakened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and helped protect monopolies?

United States V. E. Knight Company

According to the lesson, which of the following best describes a stock?

Units that represent part ownership of a company in order to raise revenue.

What was the name given to Mexican cowboys during the time of the cattle drives?

Vaqueros

Who became the first African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard College and later founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People?

W.E.B. Dubois

Which of the following is true of most American workers' wages between 1860 and 1890?

Wages gerneraly rose.

According to the lesson, the Depression of 1893 brought the most harm to which of the following groups?

Western Farmers

In the midterm election, the People's Party lost much of its support from which of the following groups to the influence of the Democratic Party?

White Southerners

Which of the following individuals did the Populists nominate for President in the Election of 1896?

William Jennings Bryan

___________ ____________ ___________ became the Democratic candidate for President after a famous speech at the party's convention?

William Jennings Bryan

Which of the following individuals created a powerful political machine in New York City and was known for using corrupt police to maintain control?

William Tweed

In the Election of 1880, the Democratic Party nominated this former Union general, hoping his nomination would distance themselves from secessionism and the Confederacy?

Winefield Scott Hancock

Which of the following best describes the predominant social make-up of most boom towns?

Young, single men

According to the lesson, the push and pull factors that led many Americans to migrate to cities were primarily ____________ in nature.

economic