MAN3100 - Happiness at Work - Exam 1 - Spring 2019

29. Which one of the following can be considered as a happiness-enhancing intervention if one were to practice this virtue? a. Practicing gratitude b. Practicing forgiveness c. Practicing thoughtful self-reflection d. Forming rituals around happiness e. All of the above

All of the above

51. Which one of the following is a definition of happiness? a. Pleasure that comes from doing whatever it is that other people tell us to do b. Meaning that comes from having a sense of purpose dictated by others c. The overall experience of pleasure and meaning d. Meaning that comes from the future benefit derived from having a sense of purpose dictated by others

The overall experience of pleasure and meaning

35. Self-esteem includes the following components. a. affective, behavioral, judgmental, and mood-induced components b. affective, evaluative, mood-induced, and action dispositions components c. emotional, comparative, mood-induced, and action dispositions components d. emotional, evaluative, cognitive, and action dispositions components

emotional, evaluative, cognitive, and action dispositions components

15. Research shows that people higher in self-efficacy: a. Try more challenging tasks b. exert more effort towards accomplishing them c. are more tenacious in their efforts as they encounter obstacles d. All of the above

All of the above

3. Self-efficacy is belief in one's ability to successfully perform a given behavior (required to produce the desired outcome). It is situation, context, and task specific. a. True b. False

False

33. Agreeableness refers to the degree of calmness, self-confidence, and sense of security an individual possesses. a. True b. False

False

37. The single component definition of attitudes consists of perception. a. True b. False

False

7. Perceived organizational support is the extent to which employees identify with their organization, its goals, and wish to continue to be a member of that organization. a. True b. False

False

8. Self-love is the disposition to experience oneself as being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and of being worthy of happiness. a. True b. False

False

10. According to the model of happiness, a person's chronic happiness is determined by which one of the following factors? a. Gratitude, forgiveness, and laughter b. Genetically determined set point for happiness, happiness-relevant circumstantial factors, happiness-relevant activities and practices c. Well-being, satisfaction, and motivation d. Genetically determined set point for happiness, mindful meditation, and forming rituals around happiness

Genetically determined set point for happiness, happiness-relevant circumstantial factors, happiness-relevant activities and practices

5. Attitudes are evaluative statements (favorable or unfavorable) about objects, people, or events. a. True b. False

True

50. Self-esteem includes self-confidence and self-respect. a. True b. False

True

13. What are major job attitudes? a. Evaluative commitment, normative commitment, continuance commitment b. Affective commitment, evaluative commitment, comparative commitment c. Evaluative commitment, comparative commitment, normative commitment d. Affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment

Affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment

14. Which one of the following is true about perception? a. Two people may see the same event differently b. Perception is a subjective process c. None of us sees reality. What we do is interpret what we see and call it reality d. All of the above

All of the above

16. Which one of the following is a cause of job satisfaction? a. Work itself b. Advancement c. Supervision d. Coworkers e. All of the above

All of the above

52. Which one of the following is not one of the Big Five dimensions of personality? a. Acceptance b. Extraversion-introversion c. Emotional stability d. Openness to experience

Acceptance

41. The tri-component definition of attitudes includes the following: a. Judgment, evaluation, emotion b. Perception, evaluation, interpretation c. Information sharing, evaluation, emotion d. Affect, behavior, cognition

Affect, behavior, cognition

17. Action dispositions (a component of self-esteem) include which one of the following? a. Moving toward life rather than away from it b. Moving toward consciousness rather than away from it c. Treating facts with respect rather than denial d. Operating self-responsibly rather than the opposite e. All of the above

All of the above

21. Which one of the following is a way in which we can love ourselves or increase the love we have for ourselves? a. catching the way we are (e.g., how we feel) and loving ourselves for being the way we are (e.g., feeling the way we feel) b. forgiveness c. experiencing connectedness d. All of the above

All of the above

30. Which one of the following is a true statement? a. Employees perceive their organization as supportive when they perceive rewards as fair b. Employees perceive their organization as supportive when employees have voice in decisions c. Employees perceive their organization as supportive when employees see their supervisors as supportive d. All of the above

All of the above

32. Research on positive psychology has studied a variety of different subjects including: a. Optimism, love, gratitude, well-being b. Awe, inspiration, curiosity, laughter c. Savoring, attachment, emotional intelligence, intrinsic motivation d. Mindfulness, meditation, journal writing, exposure to green spaces e. All of the above

All of the above

38. Which one of the following is a true statement? a. In distressing type situations, individuals who are high in self-compassion tend to experience negative emotions without becoming overwhelmed or stuck in negative thoughts about their experiences b. In distressing type situations, individuals who are high in self-compassion tend to view themselves and their actions empathetically c. In distressing type situations, individuals who are high in self-compassion tend to be able to see both the highs and the lows of life as part of the larger human experience d. All of the above

All of the above

4. Which one of the following is one of the six-pillars of self-esteem? a. The practice of self-acceptance b. The practice of self-responsibility c. The practice of living purposefully d. The practice of personal integrity e. All of the above

All of the above

40. Which one of the following is a cause of job satisfaction? a. Enjoying what you do b. Money (up to a certain comfortable-living level) c. Enjoying the social context of the workplace d. Having an interesting job that provides training, variety, independence, and control e. All of the above

All of the above

44. Since Aristotle (1925), happiness has been a concern for researchers in the field of: a. Philosophy b. Theology c. Psychology d. Economics e. All of the above

All of the above

47. Research related to happiness at work studied a variety of different subjects including: a. Emotional expression in the workplace b. Job satisfaction c. Motivation d. Goal-setting e. All of the above

All of the above

49. Which one of the following is a true statement? a. Individuals who are higher in self-compassion are less likely to endorse negative thoughts in relation to their recent negative experiences (compared to individuals who are lower in self-compassion) b. Individuals who are high in self-compassion tend to use more emotion-focused strategies when they are dealing with personal setbacks (compared to individuals who are low in self-compassion) c. Individuals who are high in self-compassion tend to use fewer avoidance-oriented strategies when they are dealing with personal setbacks (compared to individuals who are low in self-compassion) d. All of the above

All of the above

6. Lucky people generate their own good fortune through which of the following basic principles? a. Lucky people are skilled at creating and noticing chance opportunities b. Lucky people make lucky decisions by listening to their intuition c. Lucky people create self-fulfilling prophecies via positive expectations d. Lucky people adopt a resilient attitude that transforms bad luck into good (e.g., when faced with a negative event, they're thinking it could have been worse) e. All of the above

All of the above

9. Which one of the following statements is true? a. Good leaders empower their employees by involving them in decisions b. Good leaders empower their employees by making them feel their work is important c. Higher job involvement is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior, job performance, reduced absences, and reduced resignation rates d. All of the above.

All of the above

19. Job satisfaction is a both positive and negative interpretation of a job that comes from comparing it to all the past jobs we have held as well as to all of our life experiences. a. True b. False

False

43. Happiness at work can be defined as frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect, and high satisfaction regarding work. a. True b. False

True

20. We try to reduce cognitive dissonance by: a. Changing our cognitions, altering the importance of our cognitions, adding new cognitions, and/or changing our behavior b. changing our interpretations, evaluating more effectively, making comparisons, and/or reaching the final conclusion c. trying again, evaluating our past performance, changing our interpretations, and/or changing our behavior d. evaluating our past performance, changing our interpretations, making comparisons, and/or changing our attitude

Changing our cognitions, altering the importance of our cognitions, adding new cognitions, and/or changing our behavior

24. Which one of the following is a true statement? a. Engaged employees have a passion for their work and feel deeply connected to their company b. Engaged employees put their time in but not their energy and attention in their company c. Employee engagement is related to lower levels of customer satisfaction and profits d. Employee engagement is related to higher levels of turnover and accidents

Engaged employees have a passion for their work and feel deeply connected to their company

53. Which one of the following is not one of the ways in which we can be happier? a. Expressing gratitude b. Making full use of our capacities c. Living only for future benefit and completely forgoing (giving up) pleasure in the current moment d. Having integrity between your highest values and the way you actually live

Living only for future benefit and completely forgoing (giving up) pleasure in the current moment

23. Which one of the following is not one of the ways in which we can be happier? a. Forming rituals around happiness (e.g., dinner and a movie on Friday nights) b. Pursuing pleasure only in the current moment and forgoing (giving up) future benefit altogether c. Expressing gratitude d. Making full use of our capacities

Making full use of our capacities

27. Major sources of self-efficacy are the following: a. Mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and psychological responses b. Previous experiences, evaluating oneself, evaluating others, and evaluative responses c. Mastery experiences, evaluative modeling, evaluating oneself, and social persuasion d. Previous experiences, evaluative modeling, current experiences, emotional responses

Mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and psychological responses

45. Higher level of organizational commitment is related to higher level of performance more so for new employees than for experienced employees. a. True b. False

True

46. Aristotle said: "Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence".

True

48. One misconception about self-esteem is the belief that the measure of our personal worth is our external achievements. a. True b. False

True

1. Self-fulfilling prophecy is the process through which the expectation that an event will happen increases its likelihood of happening. Our expectations about future events lead us to behave in specific ways, which cause the expected event to occur. a. True b. False

True

11. Personality is the unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions shown by an individual. a. True b. False

True

12. Self-esteem includes self-confidence and self-respect. a. True b. False

True

18. One misconception about self-esteem is the belief that the measure of our personal worth is our external achievements. a. True b. False

True

2. Perception is a process by which people select, organize, and interpret information. a. True b. False

True

22. Cognitive dissonance is an aversive mental state a person experiences when s/he holds conflicting cognitions. a. True b. False

True

25. One ideal state of being is to reach a place of being "happy for no reason" as much as possible. : ) a. True b. False

True

26. The root of our self-esteem is internally generated practices that make it possible for us to achieve (e.g., resourcefulness, consciousness, independence, self-responsibility, integrity). a. True b. False

True

28. Emotional stability is strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels a. True b. False

True

31. According to the model of happiness, what determines happiness is the following: genetically determined set point (50%), circumstances (10%), and intentional activity (40%). a. True b. False

True

36. Self-compassion can be defined as an integrative construct that includes self-kindness, recognizing one's place in shared humanity, and mindfulness. a. True b. False

True

39. Normative commitment is a perceived obligation to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons (e.g., took on a new project at work and I don't want to leave my employer in a bad place) a. True b. False

True

42. Self-esteem is an experience. It's a particular way of experiencing the self. a. True b. False

True

34. Which one of the following is a benefit of job satisfaction? a. higher turnover b. lower level of organizational performance c. lower level of customer satisfaction d. lower level of organizational citizenship behaviors e. higher job performance

higher job performance