MANA 5345 - Exam 2- Chapter 9

24. The theoretical model of authentic leadership features self-awareness as one of the four main components which is also a key component in ______. A. Goleman's conception of Emotional Intelligence B. The Big Five Personality Factors C. Leader Member Exchange Theory D. House's ideas on Achievement-Oriented Leadership

Ans. A

20. Bill George discovered that authentic leaders demonstrate five basic characteristics by ______. A. surveying military leaders B. holding focus groups with government leaders C. interviewing a diverse sample of leaders D. observing CEOs of Fortune 500 companies

Ans. C

13. Which approach describes authentic leadership in terms of the characteristics of leaders? A. George's B. Terry's C. Walumbwa's D. Luthans and Avolio's

Ans: A

15. Research of which approach to authentic leadership was conducted using interviews of successful leaders? A. George's practical model B. Luthans and Avolio's practical model C. Luthans and Avolio's theoretical model D. Walumbawa's positive psychology model

Ans: A

21. Individuals with deep interest in and who truly care about what they do and also care about helping others are using which characteristics of authentic leadership? A. compassion and heart B. relationship and purpose C. heart and connectedness D. self-discipline and passion

Ans: A

22. In which leadership approach did the University of Nebraska host a summit as a catalyst for discussion and theoretical development of a leadership approach? A. authentic B. transformational C. behavioral D. servant

Ans: A

31. As a regional sales manager I worked to solve a recent problem of decreased seed sales to the local farming community. I consulted the sales staff in the area to hear their thoughts and communicated openly that I share their concerns. Which two components of authentic leadership am I using? A. relational transparency and balanced processing B. balanced processing and internalized moral perspective C. self-awareness and optimism D. confidence and balanced processing

Ans: A

36. I can weigh the options, both good and bad, and work on developing the capacity to do what is right. What influencing factor of authentic leadership am I using? A. moral reasoning B. integrity C. optimism D. confidence

Ans: A

44. The factors that influence authentic leadership work together to ______. A. help individuals become authentic leaders B. produce positive psychological capacities C. avoid critical life events D. produce resilient leaders

Ans: A

45. The process of authentic leadership emphasizes the development of qualities that help leaders ______. A. be perceived as trustworthy and believable by followers B. be more focused on the goals of the organization C. be less inclined to interact with followers who are not authentic D. assess the authentic development level of their followers

Ans: A

47. Authentic leadership helps provide an answer to people who are searching for sound leadership in an uncertain world. Which of the following is true? A. This is a strength of authentic leadership. B. This is a criticism of authentic leadership. C. Authentic leadership is not considered a leadership approach. D. The research on authentic leadership studies variables that are not authentic leadership.

Ans: A

48. Authentic leadership ______. A. can be learned B. is follower centered C. has clear organizational outcomes D. is theoretical, not practical

Ans: A

49. Which of the following is a criticism of authentic leadership? A. The practical model has not been validated. B. It does not fully express the need for trustworthy leadership. C. It provides broad guidelines for authentic leadership development. D. It has a moral dimension.

Ans: A

63. Based on Bill George's authentic leadership approach, which of the following are not related? A. compassion and relationships B. consistency and self-discipline C. passion and purpose D. behavior and values

Ans: A

67. Which of the following is not one of the four key positive psychological attributes that have an impact on authentic leadership? A. gregariousness B. confidence C. resilience D. hope

Ans: A

7. Which viewpoint is a perspective of authentic leadership that is leader centered? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: A

73. According to the text, which person exemplifies authentic leadership with strong moral values and strong conscience? A. Nelson Mandela B. Bill Gates C. Eleanor Roosevelt D. Winston Churchill

Ans: A

75. The positive psychological capacities outlined in the theoretical model of authentic leadership by Luthans and Avolio are said to be ______. A. both trait-like and learnable B. skills that can only be learned in childhood C. consequences of major life events D. more often found in females than males

Ans: A

78. The moral dimension of the authentic leadership approach is considered ______. A. both a strength and an area of criticism B. unnecessary because leader morality has no impact on followers C. relevant only to leadership in the civic sector D. a source of several authentic leadership training programs

Ans: A

79. The authentic leadership approach assumes that ______. A. people can develop authenticity over a lifetime B. critical life events in childhood set a fixed capacity for authenticity C. only a fraction of people have the capability to be authentic leaders D. authentic leadership is too abstract to be measured

Ans: A

8. I have done significant reflection about myself, my leadership, and my life experiences, which has helped me become the leader that I am. I am using which definition of authentic leadership? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: A

1. Studying authentic leadership is timely and worthwhile when ______. A. people prefer transactional leadership B. people are apprehensive and want trustworthy leadership C. people are energized and do not need involved leadership D. people prefer leaders to put them first

Ans: B

10. When I focus on the relationships I have with my followers and how we influence each other I am using which definition of authentic leadership? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: B

17. In George's model of authentic leadership, the central component or as he called it "true north" is ______. A. relationships B. the leader C. compassion D. consistency

Ans: B

19. Derrick is focused on helping his followers while using his values system and "heart." Even in tough times he does not compromise his values. Derrick is applying ______. A. authentic leader behaviors consistent with the theoretical model B. authentic leader behaviors consistent with the practical approach C. transformational leader behaviors consistent with Bass's model D. transactional leader behaviors consistent with Burns's model

Ans: B

23. Which scholar(s) were the catalysts in developing a theory of positive organizational scholarship around authentic leadership? A. Bass and Steidlmeier B. Luthans and Avolio C. Walumbwa D. Linsky

Ans: B

26. I am continually reflecting on how my decisions as a leader impact others and assessing how my core values, emotions, and motives reflect our goals. Which component of authentic leadership am I using? A. oral reasoning B. self-awareness C. relational transparency D. optimism

Ans: B

30. Jennifer is a politician whose spiritual and moral beliefs compel her to disapprove the death penalty. Despite intense pressure from political colleagues to support their pro-death penalty policy, Jennifer lets her core beliefs guide her even though she risks not being re-elected. Jennifer is using which aspect of authentic leadership? A. optimism B. internalized moral perspective C. critical life events D. relational transparency

Ans: B

34. Which positive psychological attribute is also one of the major leadership traits in Chapter 2? A. hope B. confidence C. optimism D. integrity

Ans: B

38. I have seen some rough times and learned and adapted from those experiences. What influencing factor of authentic leadership am I using? A. moral reasoning B. resilience C. optimism D. confidence

Ans: B

4. Some of the main concepts of authentic leadership were identified earlier as a part of which approach? A. leader-member exchange B. transformational C. path-goal D. adaptive

Ans: B

40. What is the factor in authentic leadership that describes major events that shape people's lives? A. resilience B. critical life events C. balanced processing D. confidence

Ans: B

42. Multiple factors influence authentic leadership. Which of these factors is a cognitive process of looking at situations with favorable expectations of the future? A. balanced processing B. optimism C. a critical life event D. a positive psychological attribute

Ans: B

5. Authentic leadership is ______. A. easily defined B. a complex process C. similar to path-goal theory D. similar to trait approach

Ans: B

51. The prescriptive part of authentic leadership connects the ______. A. moral reasoning capacity with hope and optimism B. five dimensions of authentic leadership to the associated behaviors C. inter- and intrapersonal perspectives with the developmental perspective D. positive psychological capacities with intrapersonal perspectives

Ans: B

53. A negative feature of authentic leadership is that ______. A. It is a process that can be learned. B. The practical approach lacks substantial research support. C. It is appealing to people looking for good leaders. D. It provides ideas for how to develop as an authentic leader.

Ans: B

57. Which of the following is not a component of Walumbwa and associates' review of authentic leadership? A. self-awareness B. courage C. internalized moral perspective D. balanced processing

Ans: B

58. Which of the following psychological attributes is not part of Luthans and Avolio's (2003) model of authentic leadership? A. confidence B. humility C. optimism D. resilience

Ans: B

62. Which of the following scholars argued that followers want to have an open, trusting relationship with their leaders, and will then give them greater loyalty and commitment? A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio

Ans: B

65. Which of the following statements about authentic leadership is false? A. Research on authentic leadership is very recent. B. The theoretical approach is based on real-life examples. C. There is no single accepted definition of authentic leadership. D. Authentic leadership is prescriptive.

Ans: B

69. The three definitions of authentic leadership are ______. A. interactional, legitimate, and interpersonal B. intrapersonal, developmental, and interpersonal C. sincere, devotional, and fluid D. practical, intentional, and sociable

Ans: B

71. Critical life events affect authentic leadership because ______. A. they influence a multitude of people B. they act as a catalyst for change C. they are a common occurrence D. they reinforce patterned behaviors

Ans: B

9. Which viewpoint defines authentic leadership as a reciprocal process? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: B

11. Which definition of authentic leadership views leadership as something to be nurtured in a leader? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: C

12. I have used my behaviors over my lifetime, and the psychological qualities and ethics I have learned create a leadership style that is authentic. I am using which definition of authentic leadership? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: C

14. Which researcher developed a practical approach to authentic leadership? A. Avolio B. Walumbwa C. George D. Liden

Ans: C

27. One of my followers has been verbally lashing out at me publicly about a decision I made. I stay calm and reiterate to him that my decision is consistent with my internal standards and those of the company. Which component of authentic leadership am I using? A. relational transparency B. self-awareness C. internal moral reasoning D. optimism

Ans: C

29. I openly share that my feelings were hurt by the negative comments made about me after a staff meeting and admit I made a mistake in how I handled the meeting. I am using which component of authentic leadership? A. moral reasoning B. confidence C. relational transparency D. optimism

Ans: C

3. Which theory is one of the newest areas of leadership research? A. leader-member exchange B. transactional C. authentic D. behavioral

Ans: C

32. Which of the following is not one of the four positive psychological attributes of authentic leadership? A. confidence B. resilience C. self-awareness D. optimism

Ans: C

37. I think about situations and the future with a sense of abundance. What influencing factor of authentic leadership am I using? A. moral reasoning B. integrity C. optimism D. confidence

Ans: C

39. I am positive and focused and use will power to keep me and my staff motivated to accomplish goals. What influencing factor of authentic leadership am I using? A. moral reasoning B. integrity C. hope D. confidence

Ans: C

41. I lost my job and health insurance right after being diagnosed with a major illness. It was a horrible time for me, but I found strength in the process of dealing with these issues. This is an example of ______. A. balanced processing B. optimism C. a critical life event D. a positive psychological attribute

Ans: C

43. I had a really poor performance evaluation last week. It really made me think that I should give work more effort than I have been. This is an example of an authentic leadership factor that is a ______. A. catalyst for change B. moral reasoning capacity C. resiliency capacity D. balanced processing

Ans: C

52. There is no single accepted definition of authentic leadership, but it can be conceptualized in how many ways? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Ans: C

55. The developmental definition of authentic leadership states that leadership ______. A. involves followers' commitment to the leader's values B. involves followers' commitment to developing their own skills C. grows out of the leader's self-awareness and morality D. is based on the unique traits of the leader

Ans: C

59. The early research on authentic leadership grew out of an underdeveloped area of which branch of leadership studies? A. the trait approach B. the skills approach C. transformational leadership D. leader-member exchange theory

Ans: C

60. Which of the following scholars identified four components of authenticity, including self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, and internalized moral perspective? A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio

Ans: C

66. According to Walumbwa and associates, which is not one of the four components of authentic leadership? A. self-awareness B. internalized moral perspective C. ethical reasoning D. relational transparency

Ans: C

70. Defining authentic leadership as something that grows in people over a lifetime and can be triggered by major life events is to define it as ______. A. structural B. intrapersonal C. developmental D. charismatic

Ans: C

74. Bill George suggests that spending time with other ethnic groups or traveling to a developing country can help a person develop which characteristic of authentic leadership? A. consistency B. connectedness C. compassion D. cultural competence

Ans: C

76. When Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz was a child, he witnessed his family struggle after his father was hurt on the job. As a business leader now, Schultz provides comprehensive health insurance to all employees, even part-time workers. Schultz's authentic leadership in this way is an example of ______. A. balanced processing B. positive psychological capacities C. a critical life event D. management by exception

Ans: C

16. Which is not a characteristic of authentic leadership? A. purpose B. values C. passion D. goals

Ans: D

18. Passion and compassion are ______. A. both part of Luthans and Avolio's authentic leadership model B. outcomes of authentic leadership C. essentially the same thing D. characteristics of authentic leadership that can be developed

Ans: D

2. Authentic leadership focuses on ______. A. followers first B. leadership outcomes C. leadership for change D. leadership that is genuine

Ans: D

25. The theoretical model of authentic leadership presented in the text focuses on authentic leadership as a process. This is similar to ______. A. the focus of Katz's skills model B. the focus of Blake and Mouton's behavioral model C. Burns's definition of transactional leadership D. Northouse's definition of leadership in the text

Ans: D

28. Three of my followers each have very different views about how to solve a team problem. When I explore each of their opinions and keep bias out of the decision, I am using which component of authentic leadership? A. resilience B. self-awareness C. internal moral processing D. balanced processing

Ans: D

33. What is the name of the group of factors that predispose a leader's capacity to develop components of authentic leadership? A. internalized moral perspectives B. the dimensions of authentic leadership C. resiliency factors D. positive psychological capacities

Ans: D

35. I truly believe that I can do a great job on this project. I am expressing which of the four positive psychological capacities? A. hope B. integrity C. optimism D. confidence

Ans: D

46. Which of the following is a strength of authentic leadership? A. It has several decades of research support. B. There is strong empirical data supporting it. C. Morality is well defined in the models. D. It fulfills society's need to examine trustworthy leaders.

Ans: D

50. Authentic leadership ______. A. has multiple models that provide clear strategies for authentic leadership development B. is effective in producing positive organizational outcomes C. contains evidence-based research that the strategies to develop authentic leadership increases authentic leadership behaviors D. is something that all people have the capacity to learn, according to research findings

Ans: D

54. The intrapersonal definition of authentic leadership states that leadership ______. A. is not a trait but a skill that can be learned B. is a transactional process between leaders and followers C. allows followers to affect leaders D. grows out of the life story of the leader

Ans: D

56. The interpersonal definition of authentic leadership views leadership as ______. A. leading from conviction B. action based on the values of the leader C. growing out of the personality traits of the leader D. adapting to the beliefs and values of followers

Ans: D

6. Which is not a way to view or characterize authentic leadership? A. intrapersonal B. interpersonal C. developmental D. fundamental

Ans: D

61. Who used research from the fields of positive psychology and positive organizational behavior to identify psychological attributes that contribute to authentic leadership? A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio

Ans: D

64. Which of the following is least accurate about the self-discipline dimension in George's authentic leadership approach? A. It is the quality that helps leaders reach their goals. B. It gives leaders focus and determination. C. It provides leaders the energy to carry out work in accordance with their values. D. It is what enables a trusting relationship.

Ans: D

68. Which of the following is a criticism of authentic leadership? A. Authentic leadership implies that leaders are motivated by justice and community. B. Authentic leadership provides broad guidelines for individuals who want to become authentic leaders. C. Everyone can develop authenticity and learn to be more authentic. D. The concepts presented in the practical approaches are not fully substantiated.

Ans: D

72. Stating that authentic leadership provides broad guidelines for those who wish to become authentic leaders is ______. A. an overgeneralization B. an inaccurate statement C. a weakness of authentic leadership D. a strength of authentic leadership

Ans: D

77. Authentic leaders are perceived as more ______ by their followers. A. intelligent B. competitive C. experienced D. believable

Ans: D

80. All of the following are antecedents that influence the components in the authentic leadership process except ______. A. positive psychological capacities B. critical life events C. moral Reasoning D. self-Awareness

Ans: D

T/F 1. The research on authentic leadership is well developed.

Ans: F

T/F 7. Relational transparency refers to soliciting viewpoints from those who disagree with you and giving them fair consideration.

Ans: F

T/F 8. The research data on authentic leadership strongly supports the notion that using the prescribed leadership behaviors increases authentic leadership outcomes.

Ans: F

2. Briefly describe the two approaches to authentic leadership outlined in the text.

Ans: Practical approach--evolved from real-life examples; Theoretical approach--based on findings from social science research.

5. When a politician explains how she overcame a difficult childhood and endured hardships only to emerge as a success story, she is describing which of the positive psychological capacities associated with the theoretical model of authentic leadership?

Ans: Resilience

4. Jared has been called an authentic leader. He has a keen sense of his own strengths, weaknesses, motives, and values. Jared is open and honest in the way he presents himself to his team members and is often said to be "real." Which two components of the theoretical model of authentic leadership is Jared expressing?

Ans: Self-awareness and relational transparency

3. Why is a compass sometimes used as a symbol for authentic leadership?

Ans: Students may answer using the idea that core values always point an authentic leader in the direction of his/her behaviors--that leaders know who they are and where they're going. Or students may answer using the idea that self-discipline is like a compass causing a leader to be consistent in his/her focus, using an "inner" compass. Students may also use the term "True North" in their answers.

T/F 10. Moral reasoning is a factor that influences our capacity to make ethical decisions.

Ans: T

T/F 2. There is no single accepted definition of authentic leadership.

Ans: T

T/F 3. According to Walumbwa et al. (2010), when leaders are authentic, employees engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors.

Ans: T

T/F 4. A personal trauma that leads a person to becoming an authentic leader is known as a trigger event.

Ans: T

T/F 5. Self-discipline is a dimension of authentic leadership in George's model.

Ans: T

T/F 6. The life story of the leader is an important part of developing authenticity, according to Shamir and Eilam.

Ans: T

T/F 9. Optimism is a factor that influences authentic leadership.

Ans: T

1. What does it mean to define authentic leadership from a developmental perspective?

Ans: The developmental perspective views authentic leadership as something that can be learned and developed over a lifetime. It can be nurtured and is not an inborn trait. Authentic leadership can be triggered by a life event.