management 300

Dissolution stage

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible?

generational change

Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in _____.

technological discontinuity

Feldman Films is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Feldman Films into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) _____.

milestones

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____.

Crisis

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees.

True

T/F - A creative work environment requires organizational encouragement and supervisory encouragement as well as work group encouragement.

True

T/F - An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

True

T/F - Declaring victory too soon is one of the mistakes managers often make in the refreezing stage of change.

False

T/F - Fully functional change occurs when incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design. In a fully functional change, the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version.

True

T/F - Planning can greatly improve organizational and individual performance.

False

T/F - Results-driven change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior.

False

T/F - S.M.A.R.T. goals are Specific, Meaningful, Active, Reachable, and Timely.

True

T/F - Technological innovation not only makes it possible to duplicate the benefits obtained from a company's distinctive advantage but also quickly creates an opportunity to turn a company's competitive advantage into a competitive disadvantage.

False

T/F - The General Electric Workout is a special kind of activity-oriented change.

Results-driven change

The General Electric workout is a special kind of ____.

experiential

The _____ approach to innovation asserts that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

decreasing a-type conflict

The nominal group technique improves group decision making by ____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

Entry

There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is _____.

unfreezing

When Red Arc Enterprises, a shipping company was merged with a larger shipping company, there was a strong resistance to change among the employees of Red Arc. When the CEO of Red Arc came to know of this, he met everyone and explained why the change was necessary and how it could serve to benefit all of them. Kurt Lewin would say that the company is in the _____ stage of managing organizational change.

Discontinuous change

When an automobile manufacturer learned that it took longer than any other manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle is illustrated in the scenario?

Education and Communication

When resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, which of the following is the best approach that a manager can use to manage resistance to change?

making goals public

Which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment?

rules and regulations

Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?

Coercion

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

policies and procedures

____ are types of standing plans.

planning

_____ is choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve a goal.​

options-based

_____ planning allows companies to maintain flexibility by making small simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

Rational Decision Making

is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions

Production blocking

occurs when you have an idea but have to wait to share it because someone else is already presenting an idea to the group.