Management 312 Final Exam Study Guide

Alan Turning

- 1912 - 1954 - father of artificial intelligence

data mining

- a class of information analysis based on databases that looks for hidden patterns in a collection of data which can be used to predict future behavior - classification - cluster analytics - association - visualization

business analytics

- a collection of tools for manipulating, mining, and analyzing data in the data warehouse - the tools that help users transform data into knowledge (ex: queries, data/text mining tools, etc.)

characteristics of intelligent agents

- adaptability - autonomy - collaborative behavior - humanlike interface - mobility - reactivity

interfacing

- between a human and a computer - accepting human language as input - carrying out the corresponding command - generating the necessary output

artificial intelligence (AI)

- consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. - apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities - is beyond calculation - powerful calculations, find patterns out of data - generates and displays knowledge and facts - machine learning

architecture of BI/A, four major components:

- data warehouse - business analytics - business performance management (BPM) - a user interface

categories of NLP

- interface to database - machine translation (google translation) - text scanning and intelligent indexing programs for summarizing large amounts of text - generating text for automated production of standard documents - speech systems for voice interaction with computers

Business Intelligence/Analytics

- is an umbrella term that combines architectures, tools, database, analytic tools, applications, and mythologies for making business decisions - is a content-free expression, so it means different things to different people

turing test

- test the degree to which a machines intelligence level is close to that of a human being - a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence

knowledge acquisition

- using the computer to read large amounts of text and understand the information well enough to summarize important points and some information so the system can respond to inquires about the content

big data is characterized by three V's:

- volume: business have increasingly huge amounts of data - variety: data are in many formats - numeric, log file, location data, text, etc. - velocity: real time, speed the data is constantly coming in

natural language processing (NLP)

- was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language - question and answer - complexity of human language

GIS for Transnational Structure

-A higher level of standardization and uniformity for global efficiency -universal data directories -standard databases -However, must maintain local responsiveness

GIS for Global Structure

-Highly centralized information system -Extensive communication network necessary -Integration needed to manage production, marketing, and HR is difficult (McDonald's, GM, KFC, etc.)

GIS for International Structure

-Info system personnel are regularly exchanged among locations -Encourages a cooperative culture in geographically dispersed personnel

effective communicator

-intended message is accurately understood by other people

Obstacles of Using GIS

-lack of standardization (e.g. time zone, taxes, language, and work habits) -Cultural differences (cultural competence) -Diverse Regulatory Practices -Pour telecommunication infrastructures -Lack of skilled analysts and programmers

sender

-person wanting to share information

result of group think

-reduction in alternative ideas -limiting of other information

communication

-transfer of information from one person to another

BI helps:

-transform data to information (and knowledge) to decisions and finally to action

Esteem Needs

...

Physiological Needs

...

Safety Needs

...

Self-Actualization Needs

...

Two-Factory Theory

...

Elements of a Domain name

.com, .gov, etc.

dependent demand

Demand that depends upon decisions made by internal operations managers

DMZ

Demilitarized Zone- an area of the network that is separate from the organization's LAN (local area network)

1969

Department of Defense project called Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

Which of the following does NOT apply to practice standard 500-2, which provides that the financial planning practitioner shall select appropriate products and services that are consistent with the client's _________.

Desires

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Developed so users could communicate with computers in human language -Question and answer -Complexity of Human Language *Human language is complex - it is hard for a computer to judge the sentiment of things (tweet example)

Differentiation

Distinguishing the offerings of an organization in a way that the customer perceives as adding value.

Distributed processing

Distributed among several locations Main advantage is fault tolerance and organizational growth Main disadvantage security and privacy troubles and harder to manage

Allocating E & P to Distributions - If positive balance in both current and accumulated E & P

Distributions made first from current E & P and then from accumulated

Qualified Dividends - How to qualify for lower rates (2 ways)

Dividends must be paid by domestic or certain qualified foreign corps., paid on stock held > 60 days during 121 period beginning 60 days before ex-dividend date,

Need for Achievment

Drive to excel and succeed

Establishing credibility

Employees will have more confidence in the managers leadership abilities if the manager demonstrates consistent ability to make well informed, sound decisions. This is in reference to which key point for practicing persuasion?

Compressed Workweek

Employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week

VR Terms: Interaction

Enabling users to act on objects in a VR environment

Experience Differentiation

Engaging a customer with a product through imaginative use of the five senses, so the customer experiences the product.

Fitness Standards

Ensure specific character and fitness standards as to an individual's conduct before certification.

Rules of Conduct

Establish expected high standards and also describe the level of professionalism required. The Rules of Conduct govern all those who have the right to use the CFP marks, whether or not those marks are actually used.

Practice Standards

Establish the level of professional practice expected of certificants engaged in financial planning. The practice standards are mandatory for all certificants whose services include financial planning or material elements of financial planning.

The CFP board is a certification and standard-setting organization that

Establishes and enforces education requirements for CFP certificants, Establishes and enforces examination requirements for CFP certificants, and Establishes and enforces ethics requirements for CFP certificants.

Speed ¬ Why is speed important to businesses?

Everything you need to know to conduct business is easily accessible. The speed at which you access pertinent information may not produce success but it will no longer prevent success.

Taxable dividends - excess distribution over basis is__________

Excess distribution over basis is gain

Stock Dividends - Treatment

Excluded from income if distribution paid on common stock

Secondary industry sources

Existing data available; often repackaged primary source data; is available to your competitors and can become outdated rather quickly (can be costly)

Discuss the hearing process and forms of discipline under the disciplinary Rules and Procedures.

Explain

Discuss the investigative process under the Disciplinary Rules and Procedures

Explain

Discuss the purpose of the publication of anonymous case histories.

Explain

Discuss what are the Disciplinary Rules and Procedures

Explain

What is the code of Ethics and Professional Responsibility (Code of Ethics)?

Explain

The internet is owned and regulated by the US Govt, specifically the DOD

FALSE

Raw data

Facts and figures

Upwards

Financial and accounting information flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Strategic Control

Focuses on how effectively the organizations strategies are succeeding in helping the organization meet its goals

Operations Control

Focuses on the process the organization uses to transform resources into products or services

VR Terms: Immersion

Giving users the feeling of being part of an environment

Superordinate Goals

Higher-level goals taking priority over specific individual or group goals

HTTP

Hypertext transfer protocol which is used to transfer web pages

Why is prediction important to businesses? Can BI predict perfectly?

In addition to describing where your organization is, business intelligence systems can describe where your organization has been and potentially where it is going. With enough of the right kinds of information these systems can even predict how decisions will impact both your organization and the environment surrounding your organization

Outcome/input (O/I)

In equity theory, an employee's perception of how the rewards received from an organization compare with the employee's contribution to that organization.

Open Communication

In this environment people know where they stand and what rules they need to play by

Performance Feedback

Information about the quality or quantity of past performance that indicates whether progress is being made toward the accomplishment of a goal.

2 Types of Activities by NLP

Interfacing: Accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, generating the necessary output Knowledge Acquisition: Using the computer to read large amounts of text and understand the information well enough to : summarize important points and store info so the system can respond to inquiries about the content

Product Life Stages

Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline.

Rose is employed as a loan officer at a bank. Rose recently sat down and visited with her financial planner Julie, a CFP professional. Rose was in need of cash and borrowed $15,000 from Kulie. Based on Rule 3.7 of the CFP rules of Conduct (A certificant shall not lend money to a client.), which of the following statements is accurate?

Jile is in violation of the rule.

Downwards

Job instructions and rationale flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Lower-order (external): physiological, safety Higher-order (internal): social, esteem, self-actualization

Quick Response Codes (QR)

Matrix barcode, black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background -High Storage Capacity -Small printout size -Dirt and dust resistance -Readable from any direction -You can create AR code (e.g. Use Google URL shortener) for any webpage

virtual team

Members interact by computer network to collaborate on projects

Calculating E & P - 179 expense

Must be deducted over 5 years, increase E & P by 80% in year 1, decrease E & P by 20% in years 2-5

Volatile

Must have power to function

1987

National Science Foundation Networks (NSFNET) signifies birth of the internet

Strengths

Natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills

Allocating E & P to Distributions - if accumulated E & P is positive and current E & P is a deficit

Net both at date of distribution, if balance is zero or less distribution is return of capital, is balance is positive distribution is dividend to extent of balance

Extranets

Networks that allow companies to exchange information and conduct transactions with outsiders by providing them direct, web-based access to authorized parts of a company's intranet or information system.

Treatment of distributions in excess of E & P

Nontaxable to extend of shareholders basis, Ex. return of capital

Secondary Memory

Nonvolatile, holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation. It also serves as archival storage

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Nonvolatile; data can not be written to ROM

Three Time Estimates in PERT

Optimistic Time: Time an activity will take if everything goes as planned. In estimating this value, there should be only a small probability that the activity time will be less than a. Pessimistic Time: Time an activity will take assuming very unfavorable conditions. In estimating this value, there should also be only a small probability that the activity time will be more than b. Most Likely Time: most realistic estimate of the time required to complete an activity.

Requirements of GIS

Overall, a GIS must be capable of supporting complex global decisions

Elements of Search Engine Optimization

Page title, content, keywords, links, and inbound links. Keywords help with search engines when describing the company. Inbound links help bc they can be within other websites helping people to see your website

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Performs arithmetic operations (+,-,*,/) as well as comparison or relational operations (<,>,=);the latter are used to comparative numbers

PESTEL Analysis

Political Economic Social Technological Environmental Legal

4 stages in the creative process

Preparation (looking at a problem from a variety of perspectives) Incubation (letting the problem lie in the subconscious for some time) Illumination (discovery of a solution) Verification (bring the idea to an outcome)

Bob, a CFP professional, has developed a comprehensive financial plan ofr his client, Sue. Based on the CFP board PRactice Standards which of the following should Bob do next?

Present the financial plan to Sue

Objectivity

Principle 2. Requires intellectual honesty and impartiality.

Competence

Principle 3. Requires attaining and maintaining an adequate level of knowledge and skill, and application of that knowledge and skill in providing services to clients.

Confidentiality

Principle 5. Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access.

Professionalism

Principle 6. Requires behaving with dignity and courtesy to clients, fellow professionals, and others in business-related activities.

Upwards

Problems and exceptions flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Accounting Audits

Procedures used to verify accounting reports and statements

The Fiedler contingency model

Proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leaders style of interacting with his followers, and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence.

Equity Theory

Proposes that employees perceive what they get from a job situation (outcomes) in relation to what they put in (inputs) and then compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others.

Goal-Setting Theory

Proposes that setting goals that are accepted, specific, and challenging yet achievable will result in higher performance than having no or easy goals.

3 rules of creativity

Quantity over quality Capture every idea, no matter how outlandish it may seem Piggyback on ideas and create new combinations/modifications

Operational- Automation

Reduces costs and increases the speed of performance of activities; process of computerizing manual tasks making them more efficient and effective. Dramatically lowering operational costs

Improvement can be achieved in 2 ways:

Reducing inputs while keeping output constant or increasing output while keeping inputs constant. Both represent an improvement in productivity.

Extinction

Reinforcement in which a positive consequence is no longer allowed to follow a previously reinforced behavior, thus weakening the behavior.

Negative reinforcement

Reinforcement that strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence when employees perform specific behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

Reinforcement that strengthens behaviors by following behaviors with desirable consequences.

Punishment

Reinforcement that weakens behavior by following behaviors with undesirable consequences.

Schedule of reinforcement

Rules that specify which behaviors will be reinforced, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and the schedule by which those consequences will be delivered.

Stock Attribution - Estates/Trusts

Same as Partnerships

Extranet

Secure Network -Uses the internet and web technologies to connect intranets of business partners (related companies, users, organizations)

Input Devices

Send data and information to the computer. Examples include keyboards and mouses

Constructive Dividends - Examples

Shareholder use of corp. property at reduced cost, bargain sale to shareholder, bargain rental of corp. property, low interest rates to shareholders, unreasonable compensation, payments by corp. to satisfy shareholders obligation

E-Commerce Life Cycle

Sharing Information, ordering, payment, fulfillment, and service/support Better than brick and mortar bc ordering and payment are made a lot easier

Crashing

Shortening activity time in a network to reduce time on the critical path so total completion time is reduced.

Computer Literacy

Skill in using productivity software, such as word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software, as well as having a basic knowledge of hardware and software, the Internet, and collaboration tools and technologies

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tag

Small electronic device consisting of a small chip and an antenna -Provides a unique identification for the card or the object carrying the tag -Do not have to be in contact with the scanner to be read -Can be read from a distance of about 20 feet

OLAP ¬ Online Analysis Processing

Software that allows users to explore data from a number of perspectives. Top¬down processing that creates intelligence through the known or understood relationships between organizational variables.

Virtual private network (VPN)

Software that securely encrypts data sent by employees outside the company network, decrypts the data when they arrive within the company computer network, and does the same when data are sent back to employees outside the network.

Anonymous Case Hisotires

Summary of the relevant events in certain cases of misconduct, accompanied by an explanation of any disciplinary penalty, action by CFP board and other information.

The Fiedler model was based on the premise

That a certain leadership style would be more effective in different types of situations.

planned order release

The amount of an item that is planned to be ordered in a period

planned order receipt

The amount that is planned to arrive at the beginning of a period

1. The ability to handle multiple cues simultaneously 2. The ability to facilitate rapid, two-way feedback 3. The ability to establish a personal focus for the communication

The capacity of an information channel is influenced by three characteristics. What are they?

Situation Model

The characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior. Willingness and ability a subordinate demonstrates while preforming a specific task

Feedforward Control

The control process used before operations begin, including policies, procedures, and rules designed to ensure that planned activities are carried out properly

Concurrent Control

The control process used while plans are being carried out, including directing, monitoring, and fine-tuning activities as they are performed

Retrieval cost

The cost of accessing already-stored and processed information.

Lazier-faire leadership style

The leader style in which the leader generally gives he group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit.

Expectancy

The perceived relationship between performance and rewards.

Instrumentality

The perceived relationship between performance and rewards.

Needs

The physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being.

Business

The practice of making one's living by engaging in commerce. As with analytics, business happens on a continuum ranging from person¬to-person to nation¬to¬nation. Wherever goods or services of value are transferred between parties, business happens.

Unsupervised data mining

The process when the user simply tells the data mining software to uncover whatever patterns and relationships it can find in a data set.

Supervised data mining

The process when the user tells the data mining software to look and test for specific patterns and relationships in a data set.

Mission

The purpose or rationale for an organization's existence.

Productivity

The ratio of outputs (goods and services) divided by one or more inputs (such as labor, capital, or management).

Service Sector

The segment of the economy that includes trade, financial, lodging, education, legal, medical, and other professional occupations.

Empowerment

The sharing of decisions, information, and responsibility with others.

First-mover advantage

The strategic advantage that companies earn by being the first to use new information technology to substantially lower costs or to make a product or service different from that of competitors.

Market

The sum of all customers who need a product/service, have the ability to pay for this, AND are willing to pay for it

Goal-setting Theory

The theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement.

Expectancy Theory

The theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Critical Success Factors ¬ How do we identify critical success factors in organizations?

The things that an organization must excel at to be successful in its market space

Productivity Variables

The three factors critical to productivity improvement -labor(10%), capital(38%), and management(52%).

Data encryption

The transformation of data into complex, scrambled digital codes that can be unencrypted only by authorized users who possess unique decryption keys.

Bureaucratic Control

The use of rules, regulations, and authority to guide performance

Data Visualization

The use of visual representation to explore, make sense of, and communicate data.

What is the difference between Intranets and Extranets

The user of the system

Assets

The values of the various items the corporation owns

Job Design

The way into which tasks can be combined to form complete jobs.

Web Applications

Tourism and Travel (Expedia), Publishing (Centage), Real Estate (Zillow), Employment (Monster), Financial Institutions (banking), Software Distribution, Healthcare (WebMD), Politics, etc

Processing information

Transforming raw data into meaningful information.

Physical layer

Transports the bits over a network

Taxable Dividends - Treatment and taxation of distributions from E & P

Treated as dividends, taxed as ordinary income or dividend income

Social Facilitation Effect

Working harder in a group than when working alone

Downward and upward

_______ and ________ communications are the primary forms of communication used in most traditional, vertically organized companies

Face-to-face

_______ communication permits direct experience, multiple information cues, immediate feedback, and personal focus

Asking questions

__________ builds critical thinking skills

IP address

a 4 byte destination address

internet

a collection of million of computers and networks, decentralized, no one owns or runs the internet

Variation

a deviation in the form, condition, or appearance of a product from the quality standard for that product

Make-to-order operation

a manufacturing operation that does not start processing or assembling products until a customer order is received

gross material requirements plan

a schedule that shows the total demand for an item and 1. when it must be ordered from suppliers or 2. when production must be started to meet its demand by a particular date .

ISO 14000

a series of international standards for managing, monitoring, and minimizing an organization's harmful effects on the environment

psychological contract

a set of perceptions of what employees owe their employers and what their employers owe them

expectancy theory

a theory proposing that people will behave based on their previewed likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain outcome and on how highly they value that outcome

equity theory

a theory stating that people assess how fairly they have been treated according to two key factors: outcomes and inputs

Kanban

a ticket-based JIT system that indicates when to reorder inventory

master production schedule

a timetable that specifies what is to be made and when.

Complex Instruction Set Computer Chips (CISC)

a type of CPU that can recognize as many as 100 or more instructions, enough to carry out most computations directly

Telecommuting

a work arrangement in which employees work at home & are linked to the workplace by computer

Scenario - Malcolm Bagget Malcolm Bagget has been working as a production employee for the last three years. His firm is currently undergoing a change in structure with a new management group and the production department is being restructured. Each production employee will be assigned to a small six-member production team. Malcolm is looking forward to the extensive cross training that has been promised and is looking forward to enjoying more power and discretion than he has had in the past. In addition to skill training, Malcolm is receiving management training in team building. One of Malcolm's co-workers, Danny Newcomber, is great at reducing tension by telling jokes and in other ways drawing off emotions when the group atmosphere is tense. Additionally, Danny can be counted on to energize by stimulating the team into action when the interest drops. Danny is demonstrating which of these?!

a. The task specialist role b. The task and socioemotional role c. The socioemotional role d. The participator role e. None of these@

Scenario - Malcolm Bagget Malcolm Bagget has been working as a production employee for the last three years. His firm is currently undergoing a change in structure with a new management group and the production department is being restructured. Each production employee will be assigned to a small six-member production team. Malcolm is looking forward to the extensive cross training that has been promised and is looking forward to enjoying more power and discretion than he has had in the past. In addition to skill training, Malcolm is receiving management training in team building. When Malcolm's team encounters the establishment of order and cohesion with the leader helping to clarify team roles and values, then his team is in the developmental stage of team development of _____.!

a. forming b. storming c. norming d. performing e. adjourning@

E business

activities a company performs for selling and buying products and services using computers and communication technologies

punishment

administering an aversive consequence

Stock Dividends - Basis of stock received if nontaxable and not identical

allocate basis of old stock between old and new shares based on relative FV

bandwith

amount of data that can transferred from one point to another in a certain time period, usually one second

production oder quantity

an economic oder quantity technique applied to production orders.

Finish goods inventory

an end item ready to be sold, but still an asset on the company's books.

Serial entrepreneurship

an entrepreneur who starts one business and then moves on to start another, often the new business builds on the expertise from the prior venture

Grapevine

an informal, person-to-person communication network that is not officially sanctioned by the organization

Consultation

an interactive process of helping others solve existing or potential problems by identifying and analyzing issues, developing strategies to address problems, and preventing future problems from occurring

economic order quantity model

an inventory control technique that minimizes the total of ordering and holding cost.

Dependent demand system

an inventory system in which the level of inventory depends on the number of finished units to be produced

Independent demand system

an inventory system in which the level of one kind of inventory does not depend on another

Network organization

an organization that uses its own employees to do some work activities & network e suppliers to provide other needed product components or work processes

Boundaryless organization

an organization whose design is not defined by or limited to the horizontal, vertical, or external boundaries

stock exchange

an organization whose members can buy and sell (exchange) securities for companies and individual investors

Continuous improvement

an organization's ongoing commitment to constantly assess and improve the processes and procedures used to create products and services

Customer focus

an organizational goal to concentrate on meeting customers' needs at all levels of the organization

Customer satisfacttion

an organizational goal to provide products or services that meet or exceed customers' expectations

Stock Dividends - Basis of stock received if nontaxable and identical

basis = cost of old shares/number of total shares

Secondary Cache

cache memory contained on an external circuit

Non volatile

does not need power to function

domain name system (DNS)

domain names are converted into IP addresses

Search Engine

google, bing, etc. -Information system that enables users to retrieve data from the web by using search terms 3 Step Process: 1) Crawling the Web 2) Indexing 3) Searching

Authorization

granting authenticated users approved access to data, software, and systems.

World Wide Web (WWW)

graphical interface to the largely text based internet in 1989

Listening

grasping both facts and feelings to interpret a message's genuine meaning

¬ What are two negative aspects of BI implementations? Why?

i. It's creepy ¬ very few aspects of our lives take place "offline" which means there is a digital trail that follows us wherever we go. This digital trail doesn't dissipate. It may not be used and only a few entities may have access to it, but it's there waiting to be sold to some organization or mined by the current owner. Ultimately, organizations need to be aware that employees may not want their boss (or anyone else) to have access to the employee's digital life. ii. It's hard ¬ "Hard" encompasses all the ways an organization would use the term. BI solutions take enormous effort, time and capital¬¬human and financial¬¬and these barriers are simply too high for most organizations

Decentralized Network

individuals can communicate freely with other team members.

Search Engine

information system that enables users to retrieve data from the web by using search terms google, bing, ask

Innovation

introduction of something new or different and the means by which entrepreneurs "exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or a different service"

The Samsung Galaxy S Note tablet is the first to be comparable to the (BLANK) , the most successful table currently on the market?

ipad

The situational theory

is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.

The University of Iowa Studies discussed

leadership styles Laissez-faire Democratic Autocratic

appreciative style

listening to be amused

mobile network

network operating on a radio frequency, consisting of radio cells served by a base station

Corporate entrepreneurship

occurs inside of an existing organization

stereotype

oversimplified belief about a group of people

An email sent from your computer is received by another computer by using ________ technology

packet switching

which of the following is not a logic of the client/server architecture?

packeting logic

dividends

part of a firm's profits that the firm may distribute to stockholders as either cash payments or additional shares of stock

Work-in-process inventory

partially finished goods consisting of assembled component parts

just in time partnership

partnership of suppliers and purchasers that remove waste and drive down costs for mutual benefits.

medium

pathway by which the message travel

predictive patterns

patterns that help identify database elements that are different

paraphrasing

people restate in their words what they heard

C2B

people selling products or services to businesses

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) (2nd part of the CPU)

performs all arithmetic operations (addition and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing numbers)

Intelligent Agents

performs specific tasks on behalf of the users and mimics repetitive human behaviors

economic part period

period of time the ratio of setup cost to holding cost is equal.

linguistic style

person characteristic speaking patterns

Personal Communication Channels

personal networks, grapevine, and written communication are the three ________________

types of inventory

raw material inventory, work in process inventory, maintenance/repair/operating, finished goods inventory.

feedback

receiver expresses its reaction to the message

Fiedler's term position power

refers to the degree of influence. A leader has power-based activities

negative reinforcement

removing or withholding an undesirable consequence

Opportunity

requires the intersection of a viable idea with a customer with an unmet need

Service recovery

restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers

Examples of Sender and Receiver devices

smartphones, mobile phones, pdas, tvs, personal computers

Roles

socially determined expectations of how individuals should behave in a specific position.

intelligent agents

software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes; they are becoming more popular, especially in e-commerce

virtual private network (VPN)

software that securely encrypts data sent by employees outside the company network, decrypts the data when they arrive within the company computer network, and does the same when data are sent back to employees outside the network

Early leadership research

sought characteristics that might differentiate leaders from non leaders

Flash Memory

special type of rewritable read-only memory that is compact and portable

investment bankers

specialists who assist in the issue and sale of new securities

<p></p>

starts and ends a paragraph

<body></body>

starts and ends the body of your webpage

preferred stock

stock that gives its owners preference in the payment of dividends and an earlier claim on assets than common stockholders if the company is forced out of business and its assets sold

data warehouse

stores huge amounts of data that have been prepared for data mining analysis by being cleaned of errors and redundancy

Key Performance Indicators ¬ How do key performance indicators related to critical success factors?

strategic objective whose performance is measured against a goal

Leadership is

the process of influencing a group toward the achievement of goals

empowerment

the process of sharing power with employees, thereby enhancing their confidence in their ability to perform their jobs and their belief that they are influential contributors to the organization

supervised data mining

the process when the user tells the data mining software to look and test for specific patterns and relationships in a data set

Internal service quality

the quality of treatment employees receive from management and other divisions of a company

Bus Width

the size of the internal electric pathway along which signals are sent from one part of the computer to another. A wider bus can move more data, hence faster processing

Clock Speed

the speed of the internal clock of a CPU that sets the pace at which operations proceed within the computer's internal processing circuity

first-mover advantage

the strategic advantage that companies earn by being the first in an industry to use new information technology to substantially lower costs or to differentiate a product or service from that of competitors

cohesiveness

the tendency of a group or team to stick together.

what are UTP and STP

they are a wired transmission media

identity theft

thieves hijack your name and identity and use your good credit rating to get cash or buy things

cTLD

top level domain name that is belongs to a country code

gTLD

top level domain name that is organizational

brick and mortor

traditional commerce

merchant

transfers the old retail model to the e-commerce world by using the medium of the internet

sequence patterns

when two or more database elements occur together in a significant pattern, but one of the elements precedes the other

association or affinity patterns

when two or more database elements tend to occur together in a significant way

order amount

when you oder a certain amount of something for something.

Action teams

work to accomplish tasks that require people with (1) specialized training and (2) a high degree of coordination, as on a baseball team, with specialized athletes acting in coordination.

Project teams

work to do creative problem solving, often by applying the specialized knowledge of members of a cross-functional team, which is staffed with specialists pursuing a common objective.

Under the CFP Boards rules of Conduct, violations of the rules of conduct may subject a certificant or registrant to discipline. Which of the following is true with respect to any such violations? 1. Discipline extends to the rights of registrants and certificants to use the CFP marks. 2. The rules are designed to be a basis for legal liability to any third party. 3. The CFP board has the exclusive right to ensure that certificants and registrants meet and continue to meet the CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification requirements

1 and 3. 1. Discipline extends to the rights of registrants and certificants to use the CFP marks. 3. The CFP board has the exclusive right to ensure that certificants and registrants meet and continue to meet the CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification requirements

Neural Network Features

1) Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own 2) Lending themselves to massive parallel processing 3) Functioning without complete or well structured info 4) Coping with huge volumes of info with many dependent variables 5) Analyzing non-linear relationships

3 Values Obtained from improving processes

1) Operational- Automation 2) Managerial- Streamlining 3) Strategic- Re-engineering

3 Values Obtained from improving processes

1) Operational- Automation 2) Managerial- Streamlining 3) Strategic- Reengineering

Life of an IP packet

1. Click on the link 2. Info is then sent to a mail room where it is labeled packaged and sent on its way 3. Label is then stamped, possible a proxy 4. Then it is placed on a LAN 5. Address is read by the router 6. The router sorts and send info to the correct places 7. The sent to proxy interface and URL is checked, if good it is sent to the internet 8. Before entering the internet it is sent through a firewall, if clean it is picked up on bandwidth and to the internet 9. Passes through one more firewall then sent to a web server 10. Recycled and used again

External Collaboration

1. Open Innovation 2. Strategic Partnerships

Five Needs

1. Physiological--food, water, shelter 2. safety or security--protection 3. social--friendship 4. ego-independence, freedom 5. self-actualization--realizing ones full potential

5 Phases of the Information Life Cycle

1. Planning 2. Requirements 3. Design 4. Implementation 5. Maintenance

Which of the following are true with respect to the Practice Standards? 1. Each pracite standard is a statement regarding one of the steps in the financial planning process or investments planning process. 2. Includes monitoring responsibilities after a financial plan is implemented. 3. The scope of the engagement does not have to be in writing.

3 Only 3. The scope of the engagement does not have to be in writing.

Under-reward

A form of inequity in which you are getting fewer outcomes relative to inputs that your referent is getting.

Over-reward

A form of inequity in which you are getting more outcomes relative to inputs than your referent.

Corporate portal

A hybrid of executive information systems and intranets that allows managers and employees to use a web browser to gain access to customized company information and to complete specialized transactions.

Activity-Based Costing (ABC)

A method of cost accounting designed to identify streams of activity and then to allocate costs across particular business processes according to the amount of time employees devote to particular activities

Behavior Modification

A method of shaping actions by the use of positive reinforcement.

Intranet

A network within an organization that uses internet protocols and technologies for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities -For internal Use by employees

Virus

A program or piece of code that, without your knowledge, attaches itself to other programs on your computer and can trigger anything from a harmless flashing message to the reformatting of your hard drive to a systemwide network shutdown.

Critical Path Method (CPM)

A project management technique that uses only one time factor per activity.

Firewall

A protective hardware or software device that sits between the computers in an internal organizational network and outside networks, such as the internet.

Avoidance

A reaction to conflict that involves ignoring the problem by doing nothing at all, or deemphasizing the disagreement

Balance Sheet

A report that shows the financial picture of a company at a given time and itemizes assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity

Positive Reinforcement

A reward given to motivate a person or group which is usually stated verbally or with "pats on the back" and words of encouragement.

Extrinsic Reward

A reward that is tangible, visible to others, and given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors.

Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule

A schedule in which consequences are delivered after a specified or average time has elapsed or after a specified or average number of behaviors has occurred.

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

A schedule that requires a consequence to be administered following every instance of a behavior.

Operating System (OS)

A set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software. Provides an interface between a computer and the user and increases computer efficiency by helping users share computer resources a d by performing repetitive tasks for users.

Core Competencies

A set of skills, talents, and capabilities in which a firm is particularly strong.

Response

A set of values related to rapid, flexible, and reliable performance. Sustainable advantage.

Neutralizer

A situational variable that counteracts a leadership style and prevents the leader from displaying certain behaviors

Substitute

A situational variable that makes a leadership style redundant or unnecessary

Knowledge Society

A society in which much of the labor force has migrated from manual work to work based on knowledge.

Transformational Leader

A special ability to bring about innovation and change by creating an inspiring vision, shaping values, building relationships, and providing meaning for followers

Transnational Strategy

A strategy that combines the benefits of global scale efficiencies with the benefits of local responsiveness.

During which stage of team development should the team leader help clarify team roles, norms, and values?

A. Adjourning B. Storming C. Forming D. Performing E. Norming

Carmen's group found itself unable to handle a conflict. The group decides to bring in an outside consultant to discuss the conflict with both sides and work toward a resolution. The group is using:

A. BATNA. B. a bargaining zone. C. mediation. D. integrative negotiation. E. distributive negotiation.

_____ are goals that cannot be attained by a single party.

A. Conflict goals B. Mission-driven goals C. Superordinate goals D. Competitive goals E. Extraordinary goals

_____ means that the first behaviors that occur in a team often set a precedent for later team expectations.

A. Critical events B. Primacy C. Carryover behaviors D. Explicit statements E. Recency

Which of the following brings norms into the team from outside?!

A. Critical events B. Primacy C. Carryover behaviors D. Explicit statements E. Recency@

Which of the following behaviors is NOT consistent with the socioemotional role?

A. Encourage B. Energize C. Harmonize D. Compromise E. Follow

Which of these is consistent with the role of the socioemotional role?

A. Encourage B. Follow C. Compromise D. All of these E. Both encourage and follow

Which of the following is a formal team composed of a manager and his or her subordinates?

A. Functional team B. Horizontal team C. Self-managed team D. Special-purpose team E. Social team

Sally is a member of a work team at Beauty-R-Us Corporation. She often proposes new solutions to team problems. This is an example of which task specialist role?

A. Harmonize B. Seek information C. Initiation D. Reduce tension E. Compromise

Which of the following is more common in large teams?

A. Member satisfaction B. The development of subgroups C. Agreement D. Commitment E. All of these

Which of the following is a component of a team?

A. People in a team do not have to have regular interaction. B. Four or more people are required to form a team. C. A performance goal is shared between team members. D. Teams tend to be small groups, usually with less than 10 people. E. Each member tends to set his/her own goals for the team.

Which of the five stages of team development is marked by conflict and disagreement?

A. Performing B. Norming C. Storming D. Forming E. Reforming

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of team structure and context influence cohesiveness?

A. Personal attraction to the team B. Productivity expectations C. Shared goals D. Team interaction E. All of these are components

The tendency for people to be so committed to a cohesive team that they are reluctant to express contrary opinions refers to _____.!

A. Public praise B. Social facilitation C. Community motivation D. Social performance E. Societal inspiration

_____ refers to the tendency for the presence of others to enhance one's motivation and performance.

A. Public praise B. Social facilitation C. Community motivation D. Social performance E. Societal inspiration

Which of the following behaviors is consistent with the socioemotional role?!

A. Reduce tension B. Give opinions C. Seek information D. Summarize E. Energize@

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Self-managed teams are empowered with decision-making authority. B. Self-managed teams still rely heavily on their manager. C. Self-managed teams have little access to resources. D. Self-managed teams will eventually develop into problem-solving teams. E. None of these

Which of the following is NOT one of the four key strategies for achieving a win-win solution through negotiation?

A. Separate the people from the problem B. Focus on interests C. Generate many alternatives for mutual gain D. Insist that results be based on objective standards E. Keep the demands at the center

Fred, a software engineer, is in charge of scrutinizing electronic communication patterns as part of his role within a virtual team at work. Fred's role fulfills which virtual team practice?

A. Using technology to build relationships B. Shaping culture through technology C. Monitoring progress and rewards D. Administering rewards E. Using global teams to develop technology

Which of the following teams are created outside the formal organization structure to undertake a project of special importance or creativity?

A. Vertical B. Command C. Special-purpose D. Cross-functional E. Functional

Team _____ occurs when individuals and departments rely on other individuals and departments for information or resources to accomplish their work.

A. accountability B. cohesiveness C. control D. interdependence E. independence

InfoTech's new product team has a norm of backing up each of their computer's hard drives at the end of each working day. This norm developed because one day a computer virus infected the team's computer network and destroyed many important computer files. The cause of this norm was clearly:!

A. an explicit statement. B. carryover behaviors. C. primacy. D. a critical event. E. none of these.@

Effective virtual team leaders use technology to build relationships through all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A. bring attention to and appreciate divers skills and opinions. B. scrutinize electronic communication patterns. C. use technology to enhance communication and trust. D. ensure timely responses online. E. manage online socialization.

In the context of work team effectiveness, _____ pertains to the team's ability to meet the personal needs of its members.

A. cohesiveness B. satisfaction C. commitment D. leadership E. norms

All the following are conflict handling styles discussed in your text EXCEPT:

A. competing style. B. assertive style. C. avoiding style. D. accommodating style. E. compromising style.

Once a month, the top managers at George's Greenhouse make a point of meeting with the work teams in their respective divisions in order to communicate to them the organization's priorities, goals, and needs. This is an example of top management attempting to influence team norms through:

A. explicit statements. B. primacy. C. carryover behaviors. D. critical events. E. all of these.

During the _____ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on task accomplishment.

A. forming B. performing C. achieving D. norming E. storming

Kristen, in her role as team leader, has recently switched her style from one of clarifying team roles to one of emphasizing task accomplishment. Her change was driven by a desire to keep pace with her team, which has evolved from the _____ stage to the _____ stage of team development.

A. forming, storming B. storming, performing C. performing, adjourning D. norming, performing E. storming, reforming

Randy is a team leader at Welldrilling.net. His team is made up of fifteen co-workers. Recently, he has noticed a tendency for some team members to participate much less than others. They seem uninterested and content to let others do the work. This is called:

A. free riding. B. reduced commitment. C. power realignment. D. the costs of coordination. E. self-directed team.

The competing style of conflict resolution is based on a _____ degree of assertiveness and a _____ degree of cooperativeness.

A. high, high B. high, low C. low, high D. low, low E. low, medium

Tamika is a manager at Sleeveless Clothes, Inc. Recently, she was assigned a work team. She is in charge of the team and it consists of the subordinates under her authority. This is an example of a _____ team.

A. horizontal B. functionall C. self-managed D. special-purpose E. social

All of the following are common dysfunctions of teams EXCEPT:

A. lack of trust. B. avoidance of accountability. C. fear of conflict. D. lack of commitment. E. results orientation.

The _____ the team interacts, the _____ cohesive the team.

A. less, more B. more, more C. more, less D. all of these E. none of these

Sylvia is a member of a team that uses e-mail, instant messaging, and blogging to communicate. Although she sees members of her team on breaks and at lunch, Sylvia does not interact with them face-to-face in a professional setting. Sylvia's team can best be described as a:

A. project team. B. global team. C. focus group. D. virtual team. E. self-directed team.

Josh is a manager at On-The-Go Cars. He recently has read quite a bit of literature on the benefits of work teams. He is particularly interested in forming a vertical team. There are twenty-eight employees in his department. Josh should:

A. recruit more employees for his department; twenty-eight is too small for a work team. B. form one team of twenty-eight employees. C. divide the group into four teams of seven employees each. D. forget the team idea; he has too many employees and he shouldn't divide his work group. E. do his job and not worry about teams.

Nancy belongs to a horizontal team in her organization. She was selected on the basis of her title, not her expertise. The type of horizontal team she belongs to is likely a(n):

A. self-managed work team. B. task force. C. cross-functional team. D. committee. E. ad-hoc committee.

Key Success Factors

Activities or factors that are key to achieving competitive advantage.

Operations Management

Activities that relate to the creation of goods and services through the transformation of inputs to outputs.

Turing Test

Alan Turing -Father of AI -Test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence

VR Terms: Full-Body Immersion

Allowing users to move around freely

Decision support system (DSS)

An information system that helps managers understand specific kids of problems and potential solutions and analyze the impact of different decisions options using "what if" scenarios.

Fixed Interval Reinforcement

An intermittent schedule in which consequences follow a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed.

Profit and Loss Statement

An itemized financial statement of the income and expenses of a company's operations

The CFP Board's Practice Standards are intended to:

Assure that the practice of Financial planning by CFP certificants and registrants are based on established norms of practice. Enhance the value of the financial planning process, and Advance professionalism and financial planning

Preliminary Control

Attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of financial, physical, human, and information resources before they actually become part of the system

What are two basic leadership behaviors that are important for leadership?

Attention to task and attention to people

Two-factor authentication

Authentication based on what users know, such as a password and what they have in their possession, such as a secure ID card or key.

Who uses Business Intelligence? What is the top¬down approach to BI? What is the bottom up approach? Which approach is better?

BI tools can be used throughout the organization, and it will be up to the leaders of the business to decide which type of approach best fits their needs. Typically, top¬down approaches are used in vertical organizations with multiple layers of management. Bottom¬up approaches are more common in flatter organizations where employees need higher levels of autonomy. Still, no one approach is better than another.

Bottom¬up

But, changes in the business fabric of the United States has pushed business out of the traditional vertical organizations that are typical of the manufacturing sector where control is centralized with management and into more horizontally dispersed organizations typical of the services sector where control is spread across users of varying degrees of responsibility. The bottom¬up approach assumes workers throughout the organization need BI tools to get "better" at their job...however "better" is defined.

Example of a Genetic Algorithm is....

CFO choosing top 5 projects that generate the most net income or UPS choosing the fastest, most economical route

Standards of Professional Conduct

CFP Board standards comprised of five different categories: Cod of Ethics and PRofessional Responsibility ("Code of Ethics"); Rules of Conduct; Financial Planning Practice Standards ("Practice Standards"); Disciplinary Rules and PRocedures ("Disciplinary Rules"); and Candidate Fitness Standards.

Presumption List

CFP Board's list of conduct that is presumed to be unacceptable and will bar an individual from becoming certified unless that individual petitions the commision for reconsideration.

Example of Operational-Autonomation

Calculating Payroll

Output Device

Capable of representing information from a computer. The form of this output might be visual, audio, or digital; examples include printers, display monitors, and plotters

Reinforcement Contingencies

Cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences.

CAVE

Cave automatic virtual environment -Virtual environment consisting of a cube-shaped room in which the walls are rear-projection screens -Uses holographic devices that create, capture, and display images in true 3D form

Example of strategic reengineering

Changing way of travel (driving to flying)

According to practice standard 200-1 Determining a clients personal and Financial goals, needs and priories, which of the following ate necessary inputs to determine a client's goals?

Cli4ent's attitude, Values, and expectations.

Powtoon sells ___________-___________ software for creating animated presentations and videos.

Cloud based

Relationship-oriented Leaders

Considered to perform better in situations of intermediate favorability

Data

Consists of raw facts and is a component of an information system

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning *Applies computers to areas that require knowledge, perceptions, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities *Beyond calculation

Feedback Control

Control that focuses on the use of information about previous results to correct deviations from the acceptable standard

Network layer

Controls direction of messages

Transport layer

Controls movement of data

What are the 4 "W's"

Why Who When What

WiFi

Wireless Fidelity -Broadband wireless technology -Information can be transmitted over short distances -In the form of radio waves -Connect: -- Computers, mobile phones, smart phones, MP3 players, PDAs, and Game Consoles -- WiFi Hotspots

self managed team

Workers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in a work unit, have no direct supervisor, and do their own day-to-day supervision

Definition of The Internet

Worldwide collection of millions of computers and networks -Derived from the term 'internetworking' -Growing too fast to measure

Horizontal

_______ communication is people continuously sharing information across departments and levels

executive information system (EIS)

a data processing system that uses internal and external data sources to provide the information needed to monitor and analyze organizational performance

Storage Area Network (SAN)

a dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices

material requirements planning

a dependent demand technique that uses a bill of material, inventory, expected receipts, and a master production schedule to determined material requirements.

Which of the following is not a principle in the Code of Ethics? a. frugality b. Integrity c. Competence d. Fairness

a. frugality

Scenario - Malcolm Bagget Malcolm Bagget has been working as a production employee for the last three years. His firm is currently undergoing a change in structure with a new management group and the production department is being restructured. Each production employee will be assigned to a small six-member production team. Malcolm is looking forward to the extensive cross training that has been promised and is looking forward to enjoying more power and discretion than he has had in the past. In addition to skill training, Malcolm is receiving management training in team building. Malcolm has developed strong task skills and has normally taken the role of task specialist. His task specialist behaviors will include all of the following EXCEPT:!

a. initiating. b. summarizing. c. compromising. d. energizing. e. all of these are included as task specialist behaviors.@

Protocol

agreed-on methods and rules that electronic devices use to exchange information

Matrix Structure

an organizational structure that assigns specialists

Production teams

are responsible for performing day-to-day operations.

two-factor authentication

authentication based on what users know, such as a password and what they have in their possession, such as a secure ID card or key

Average aggregate inventory

average overall inventory during a particular time period

rich medium

best for non routine situations & to avoid oversimplification

modems

connects a user to the internet

3 step process for search engines

crawling the web indexing searching

user interface example

dashboard

data management logic

data management and storage operation

dark data

data that belongs to organizations, but it is sitting there unused

hypermedia

documents can include embedded references to audio, text, images, video and other documents

subscription

e-commerce sites sell digital products or service to customers

reports/bulletins

fifth in the hierarchy and the lowest in richness

vertical communication

flow of messaged up and down the hierarchy within the organization

Trait Theory

ignores the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as the situational factors.

media richness

indicates how well a particular medium conveys information and promotes learning

inventory costs

insurance and taxes present in many states on inventory

quality of work life (QWL) programs

programs designed to create a workplace that enhances employee well-being

user interface

provides a comprehensive graphical/pictorial view of corporate performance measures, trends and exceptions

intrinsic reward

reward a worker derives directly from performing the job itself

privacy

right of people not to reveal information about themselves

telephone

second in the hierarchy because the human voice can carry a tremendous amount of emotional information

stocks

shares of ownership in a company

Open Communication

sharing all types of information throughout the organization and across functional and hierarchical boundaries

Routine messages

simple and straightforward messages. They convey data or statistics or simply put into words what managers already agree on and understand

Expected Activity Time

t=(a+4m+b)/6

Inventory turnover

the number of times per year that a company sells, or "turns over," its average inventory

interest

the payment the issuer of the bond makes to the bondholders for use of the borrowed money

instrumentality

the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome

Trend Analysis

the practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern, or trend, in the information

Job Sharing

the practice of having two or more people split a full time job "part time" "adjunct"

Moore's law

the prediction that about every two years, computer processing power would double and its costs would drop by 50 percent

electronic communication

third in hierarchy because this lacks both visual and verbal cues and don't allow for interaction or feedback, messages can be misunderstood

how are most of the computer networks in the US connected to those in other continents

through physical cables laid on the sea bed

inventor of the WWW

tim berners-lee

manufacturing cycle time

time between arrival of raw materials and the shipping of finished products.

through out time

time required to move orders through the production process, from receipt to delivery.

Reviews of the major studies undertaken

to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown considerable evidence to support the model.

searching

websites that are ranked in order of relevance to your search term- use of algorithm

Partnership

"A relationship of individuals, or groups marked by mutual cooperation and responsibility"

Stakeholders

"Persons who may or may not directly benefit from being involved in a potential program and who may also "have a stake in the programs outcome and often the ability to influence that outcome"

Offshore Outsourcing

"outsourcing" a particular service to a foreign company, sending x-rays oversea to be examined

ARPANET

1969

Which event signifies the birth of the internet?

1987 NSFNET

____ percent of storefronts with local channels are on Foursquare?

93%

Reinforcement Theory

A behavioral construct where individuals may be rewarded or punished based on the consequences of their behavior.

Extinction

A behavioral method that involves withholding praise or a positive reward.

Avoidance Learning

A benefits theory, also called negative reinforcement, which postulates that behavior that is strengthened by removal of negative statements or actions.

The main role of Microsoft Access is to create ________?

A database

Multinational Corportation

A firm that has extensive involvement in international business, owning or controlling facilities in more than one country.

Pragmatic Solver

A follower who has qualities of all four follower styes, depending on which fits the prevalent situation

Conformist

A follower who participates actively in the organization but does not use critical thinking skills

Cluster Chain

A group of people that disseminate information within their group of cluster.

Work Breakdown Structure

A hierarchical description of a project into more and more detailed components.

According to Hersey and Blanchard

A high task-low relationship situation call for the telling leadership style.

Computer

A machine that accepts data as input, processes data without human intervention by using stored instructions, and outputs information

Principle of Exception

A managerial principle stating that control is enhanced by concentrating on the exceptions to or significant deviations from the expected result or standard

Intrinsic Reward

A natural reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

Activity on Arrow (AOA)

A network diagram in which arrows designate activities.

Activity on Node (AON)

A network diagram in which nodes designate activities.

Centralized Network

A network that makes for a faster decision that involves fewer people.

Stock Attribution - Partnerships

A partner is deemed to own the stock owned by a partnership to the extent of the partners interest in the partnership. Stock owned by a partner is deemed to be owned in full by a partnership.

Internal Audit

A periodic assessment of a company's own planning, organizing, leading and controlling processes

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

A private organization with assets and operations in at least one country other than its own country

Financial Statement

A profile of some aspect of an organizations financial circumstances

Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)

A project management technique that employs three time estimates for each activity.

Income Statement

A summary of financial performance over a period of time

Communication Network

A system of resources used as a channel for groups of people to connect to each other, such as the internet.

Gainsharing Program

A system that allows employees to share in any cost savings made by the firm.

Equity Theory

A system that holds that individuals are more motivated if they perceive they are being treated as fairly as their fellow workers or those in other firms.

Scanlon Plan

A system that recognizes and rewards individuals for collaboration, leadership, education, and training given to another individual or group cohesively.

ERG Theory of Motivation

A system that sets out three categories of human needs relating to organizational behaviors: Existent needs, Relatedness needs, Growth needs.

Control Standard

A target against which subsequent performance will be compared

Mediator

A third party who intervenes to help others manage their conflict

Bar code

A visual pattern that represents numerical data by varying the thickness and pattern of vertical bars.

Amber is a member of a work team at Buchanon Dance, Inc. She often attempts to help disagreeing parties reach agreement. This is an example of which socioemotional role behavior?

A. Compromise B. Follow C. Reduce tension D. Harmonize E. Summarize

Shifting one's own opinions to maintain team harmony refers to which socio-emotional role?

A. Energizing B. Initiating ideas C. Encouraging D. Following E. Compromise

_____ increases team cohesiveness.

A. External competition B. Shared goals C. Team success D. All of these E. Shared goals and team success

During which stage of team development does team unity emerge?

A. Forming B. Storming C. Performing D. Norming E. Adjourning

Which of the following is a standard of conduct that is shared by team members and guides their behavior?!

A. Leadership B. Cohesiveness C. Norm D. Attitude E. None of these@

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Morale is higher in cohesive teams. B. Productivity is lower in cohesive teams. C. Satisfaction is lower in cohesive teams. D. Morale always suffers in cohesive teams. E. Absenteeism rates are substantially higher with cohesive teams.

_____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it.

A. Norming B. Commitment C. Caring D. Cohesiveness E. Leadership.

Dale's work team is beginning to resolve its conflicts and consensus is developing on such things as members' roles. Dale's team is in which stage of team development?

A. Norming B. Forming C. Storming D. Performing E. Reforming

What is the ideal size of work teams?

A. Three B. Five C. Twelve D. Fifteen E. Twenty-three

Some team members are asked to play a dual role. These members:

A. engage in two sets of behaviors: initiation and energize. B. perform both role: task specialist and socioemotional. C. perform both roles: liaison and negotiator. D. engage in two sets of behavior: follow and compromise. E. do not do anything.

Darren and his team have just finished Project A, and are preparing to disband. Darren and his team are in the _____ stage of team development.

A. forming B. storming C. norming D. performing E. adjourning

Today, many virtual teams use _____ to facilitate regular collaboration and open information sharing.!

A. hand-written messages B. face-to-face communication C. brainstorming D. e-mail E. wikis@

The avoiding style of conflict resolution is based on a _____ degree of assertiveness and a _____ degree of cooperativeness.

A. high, high B. high, low C. low, high D. low, low E. low, medium

Members of _____ teams remain in separate locations around the world and conduct their work electronically.

A. intercultural B. international C. multinational D. virtual global E. distance

Managing team _____ is the most important skill required for effective team management.

A. norms B. cohesiveness C. conflict D. membership E. none of these

Allocating E & P to Distributions - if current E & P is positive and accumulated E & P has deficit

Accumulated E & P NOT netted against current E & P, distribution is deemed to be taxable dividend to extent of positive current E & P

Low Cost

Achieving maximum value, as perceived by the customer.

Project Manager

All necessary activities are finished in proper sequence and on time, the project comes in within budget, the project meets its quality goals, and the people assigned to the project receive the motivation, direction, and information needed to do their jobs.

Decentralized Control

An approach to organizational control based on informal and organic structural arrangements

Grapevine

An informal line of communication where information is passed from one person to another.

Control

Any process that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of organizational goals

OSI Model (7 layers)

Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer

Application layer

Applications access network services

Business Model

Basically outlines how you plan to make money Describes the rationale of how a business creates, delivers, and captures value

Stock Dividends - Basis and holding period of stock if taxable

Basis of stock is FMV, holding period starts day of receipt

Why is Business Intelligence Important? What are four benefit of business intelligence systems?

Business intelligence is important because it allows you to conduct business intelligently. More specifically, it allows you to respond to relevant information more quickly, it more accurately describes your current environment, it allows for deeper understanding of your organization and it makes prediction possible.

Five Forces Model

Buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants, and rivalry among existing competitors (SEE DIAGRAM PG.14)

Level 4: Effective Leader

Catalyzes commitment to and vigorous pursuit of a clear and compelling vision, stimulating higher performance standards

Horizontal

Change initiatives and improvements flow which way in the formal communication channels?

2 Dimensions of GIS

Control & Coordination

Which of the following is NOT a category of natural language processing systems? A. Interface to databases B. Machine Translation C. Text scanning and intelligent indexing programs D. Robots

D. Robots

What does a DNS do?

DNS- Domain Name System -converts domain names to IP addresses

Presentation layer

Data representation, encryption and decryption

4 Major Components of an Information System

Data, Database, Process, Information

Roles

Different sets of expectations for how different individuals should behave

Hypermedia (WWW)

Documents can include embedded references to audio, text, images, video, and other documents

Strategic-Reengineering

Dramatic change and rapid improvement; the analysis and redesign of work flow within and between enterprises

2 Driving Forces of GIS

E-Business & growth of the Internet

Earliest Finish Time Rule

EF=ES + Activity Time

Decentralized processing

Each user, department, or division has its own computer Main advantage is it is more responsive to the user Main disadvantage lack coordination among organizational units, high cost, and duplication

Starting and Ending Times

Earliest Start (ES): Earliest time at which an activity can start, assuming all predecessors have been completed. Earliest Finish (EF): Earliest time at which an activity can be finished. Latest Start (LS): Latest time at which an activity can start so as to not delay the completion time of the entire project. Latest Finish (LF): Latest time by which an activity has to finish so as to not delay the completion time of the entire project.

Services

Economic activities that typically produce an intangible product such as education, entertainment, lodging, government, financial and health services.

Authority-Compliance

Efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree

Computer

Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept, manipulate, and store data

Hypertext (WWW)

Embedded references in hypermedia documents *Links users can click to follow a particular thread

Steps in the Control Process

Establishing standards Measure performance Compare performance against standards Determine need for corrective action

Standard

Expected performance for a given goal: a target that establishes a desired performance level, motivates performance, and serves as a benchmark against which actual performance is assessed

Define the Candidate Fitness Standards and the "always bar list."

Explain

Define the Financial Planning Practice Standards and the various series that form the standards.

Explain

Define the five forms of discipline by the Commission

Explain

Discuss the difference between a CFP certificant and registrant?

Explain

What areas of ethics are included in the standards of professional conduct?

Explain

What is the function of the Certified Financial Board of Standards, Inc. (CFP Board)?

Explain

4G network means that data transfer speed is 4 Gigabytes

FALSE

Private companies cannot have internet backbones

FALSE

Definition of the web (WWW)

Graphical interface to the largely text-based internet in 1989

University of Iowa behavioral studies

Group members' satisfaction levels were generally higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one

Autonomous Work Groups

Groups that control decisions about and execution of a complete range of tasks

Strategy

How an organization expects to achieve its missions and goals.

Why do we need a domain name?

Identifies a computer or network address on the internet

Job Enrichment

Increasing responsibility and autonomy (depth) in a job.

Stock Attribution - Family

Individual is deemed to own stock owned by spouse, children, grandchildren, and parents (not grandparents or siblings)

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Horizontal

Interdepartmental coordination flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Three Examples of Popular web browsers on the market

Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Chrome, Safari, etc.

problem solving team

Knowledgeable workers who meet as a temporary team to solve a specific problem and then disband

among the 3 types of networks which one is fastest?

LAN

what are the 3 types of networks?

LAN MAN WAN

lot for lot

Lot sizing technique that generates exactly what is required to meet the plan

Nonroutine messages

Managers should communicate these messages through rich channels

Session layer

Manages connections between the computers

Levels of Control

Operations financial structural strategic

Qualifications to qualify as a "not essentially equivalent redemption"

Ownership after redemption must be less than 80% of ownership before redemption, must own less than 50% of all voting stock

Predictive patterns

Patterns that help identify database elements that are different.

Revocation

Permanent revocation of a certificant's or registrant's right to use the marks.

Planning

Phase 1: designers must define the problem

Key resources

Physical, human, capital, and/or intellectual What key resources do our value propositions require? What about our distribution channels, customer relationships, and revenue streams?

Management involves three phases

Planning: This phase includes goal setting, defining the project, and team organization. Scheduling: This phase relates people, money, and supplies to specific activities and relates activities to each other. Controlling: Here the firm monitors resources, costs, quality, and budgets. It also revises or changes plans and shifts resources to meet time and cost demands.

Cache RAM

Resides on the processor. Because memory access from main RAM storage takes several clock cycles, cache RAM stores recently accessed memory so the processor is not waiting for the memory transfer

GIS: Transborder Data Flow (TDF)

Restricts type of data that can be captured and transmitted -Comprises national laws and international agreements on privacy protection and data security

Instant Messaging

Service for communicating with others via a private chat room on the internet -Windows messenger, yahoo!, Google chat

2 types of wires

Shielded twisted pair (STP) and Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

Business Process

Standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task

Suspension

Temporary suspension of a certificant's or registrant's right to use the marks for a term of up to five years for those individuals the Commission deems susceptible to rehabilitation.

Listening

The active effort to understand, learn, and obtain information from others.

Acquisition cost

The cost of obtaining data that you don't have.

Storage cost

The cost of physically or electronically archiving information for later use and retrieval.

Communication cost

The cost of transmitting information from one place to another.

Processing cost

The cost of turning raw data into usable information.

Competitive Advantage

The creation of a unique advantage over competitors.

Production

The creation of goods and services.

Cohesiveness

The degree to which a group is attractive to its members, members are motivated to remain in the group, and members influence one another

Motivation

The set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

Constructive Dividends - Treatment

Treated as ordinary dividend

Apple's Siri system is a natural language processing (NLP) system. True or False

True

Information

Useful data that can influence people's choices and behavior.

Components of a VR System

Visual and aural systems -Manual control for navigation (data glove) -Central coordinating processor and software system -Walker

Quality Circles

Voluntary groups of people drawn from various production teams who make suggestions about quality

Application Service Providers (ASPs)

A new business model -Provides access to software or services for a fee -Software as a service (SaaS), also known as "on demand software" -- Model for ASPs to deliver software to users for a fee -- Software might be temporary or long term -- Users don't need to be concerned with new software versions and compatibility problems -- Users can also save all application data on the ASP's server & software & data are portable EX.) Google, Microsoft Salesforce, Netsuite, Basecamp, Mint

Alienated Follower

A person who is an independent, critical thinker but is passive in the organization

Budget

A plan expressed in numerical terms

Controller

A position in the organizations that helps line managers with their control activities

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A psychological theory that suggests that people are motivated by a number of needs, which are displayed in order. They are physiological needs, safety needs, love/belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Letter of Admonition

A publishable written reproach of the certificate's or registrant's behavior.

Team

A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

multicommunicating

"use of technology to participate In several interactions at one time"

Computer-Aided Systems Engineering

(CASE) tools: automate parts of the application development process Similar to CAD tools used by architects

Crash Cost per Period

(Crash cost-Normal Cost)/(Normal time-Crash time) Cost cannot be negative, subtract higher from lower.

Domain Name Service

(DNS)- translates internet host and domain names to IP addresses, automatically converts what we type into the web bar into IP addresses of web servers hosting the sites

Components of GIS

*Global Database: Designing and implementing is a technical challenge *Information-Sharing Technologies: Large vs. small companies- custom applications or outsourcing

Operational & Strategic Requirements (GIS)

*Operational Requirements: Providing support for day to day services, global data access, consolidated global reporting, communication between headquarters and subsidiaries, management of short-term foreign exchange risks *Strategic Requirements: Providing support for long-term goals, strategic planning support, management of global tax risks

why BI/A?

- Big data - we have a lot of dark data

examples of NLP

- Dragon Speech Recognition Software Human Communication - social media listening: sentiment analysis - At&T Natural Voices Wizard Speech - Apple Siri

two types of activities by NLP

- Interfacing - Knowledge acquisition

Genetic Algorithims

- Mimic evolutionary survival of the fittest processes to generate solutions to a problem - finds the combination of inputs that gives the best outputs - solves optimization problems

business performance management (BPM)

- for monitoring and analyzing performance - based on balanced scorecard methodology - a framework for defining , implementing, and managing an enterprise's business strategy by linking objectives with factual measures - dashboards/scorecards

compared to conventional bar codes, QR codes have the following features:

- high storage capacity - small printout size - dirt and dust resistance - readable from any direction - compatible with the Japanese character set

difference in artificial intelligence system and a regular information system

- information systems are concerned with capturing, storing, retrieving, and working with data. help decision makers by providing timely, relevant, accurate, and integrated information. - AI technologies are concerned with generating and displaying knowledge and facts. try to discover "rules of thumb" that enable computers to perform tasks usually handled by humans

Neural Networks

- mimics how the human brain learns and functions - categorizes information into one or the other category - analyzes huge amounts to establish patterns where the logic and rules are UNKNOWN - solves classification problems

visualization tools

- ranging from multidimensional cue presentation to virtual reality, are integrate parts of BI systems - tableau

advantages of a robot

- they do not fall in love with coworkers, get insulted, or call in sick - they are consistent - they can be used in environments that are hazardous to humans, such as working with radioactive materials - they do not spy for competitors, ask for a raise, or lobby for longer break

BI's major objective is:

- to enable easy access to data (and models) - to enable manipulation of these data - to provide business mangers and analysts with the availability to conduct analysis

International Structure

-Operates much lie a multinational corporation -However, subsidiaries depend on headquarters more for process and production decisions

4 options for recovery

-Parallel Conversion: When both systems are ran at the same time -Phased-in-phased-out conversion: Put one system to use while slowly taking the other out -Plunge conversion: going directly into the new system -Pilot conversion: implementing the system in certain whole departments to see how it runs

Transnational Structure

-Parent and all subsidiaries work together in designing policies, procedures, and logistics -Usually focuses on optimizing supply sources and using advantages available in subsidiary locations

Personal Agents

-Perform specific tasks for a user -such as: remembering info for filling out Web forms, completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed

Multinational Structure

-Production, sales, and marketing are decentralized -Financial management remains the parent company's responsibility

efficient communicator

-a person that can transfer information accurately but quickly

small team ADV

-better morale -better interaction

small team DISADV

-fewer resources -possibly less innovation -unfair work distribution

why norms are enforced

-help the group survive -clarify role expectations -help individuals avoid embarassing situations -emphasize the group's important values

Artificial Neural Networks

-learn and are capable of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers: filtering spam email -used for poorly structured problems -uses patterns: not the if-then-else rules -creates a model based on input and output

large team ADV

-more resources -more division of labor

Social Needs

...

social media

65% of managers expect to use ________ more to communicate with employees

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)

A collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, typically in large network systems

Server

A computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network

Effective follower

A critical, independent thinker who actively participates in the organization

Executive information system (EIS)

A data processing system that uses internal and external data sources to provide the information needed to monitor and analyze organizational performance.

Ohio State Studies

A leader who was high in consideration helped group members with personal problems, was friendly and approachable, and treated all group members as equals

Bus

A link between devices connected to the computer. It can be parallel or serial, internal (local) or external

SWOT Analysis

A method of determining internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.

Which of the following is not a form of discipline under the Disciplinary Rules?

A monetary fine

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

A network-conneccted computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices

Always Bar List

CFP Boards list of unacceptable conduct that will ALWAYS bar an individual from becoming certified.

Centralized Network

Can be effective for large teams because it limits the number of people involved in decision making

Routine messages

Can be efficiently communicated through channels lower in richness

Scheduling Feasibility

Can it be completed on time, if not: loss of customers could force a business to close

Property Dividends (effect on corps E & P) - Distributions of cash or property deficit rule

Cannot generate or add to deficit in E & P

Intangible

Cant qualify into dollar amounts

Candor

Communicating with ________ means being direct, honest, and clear about what employees need to do to meet objectives, while also expressing respect for others and not making people feel slighted, controlled, or exploited.

Stock Options

Company stocks given to employees as additional compensation or incentives, usually at a discounted price for limited time.

Which of the following is not specifically addressed in the CFP Board's Standards of Professional Conduct?

Comparing rates of return for exchange traded funds.

Jill is a prospective client, recently approached Mike, a CFP professional with significant estate planning needs. Mike does not feel like he can adequately fulfill all of Jill's needs so he refers jill to a colleague who specializes in estate planning. According to the CFP code of Ethics, what principle did Mike Most clearly demonstrate?

Competence

Structural Control

Concerned with how the elements of the organizations structure are serving their intended purposes

Legal Feasibility

Concerned with legal issues

Financial Control

Concerned with the organizations financial resources

Body Language

Consists of a person's facial expression and body movements that express communication and emotion without the use of words.

Information

Consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and is an output of an information system

Advantages of PERT

Especially useful when scheduling and controlling large projects, straightforward concept and not mathematically complex, graphical networks help highlight relationships among project activities, critical path and slack time analyses help pinpoint activities that need to be closely watched, project documentation and graphs point out who is responsible for various activities, applicable to a wide set of projects, and useful in monitoring not only schedules buts costs as well.

Connect emotionally

Establish an emotional connection with others and balance your competence and credibility with warmth and understanding. This is in reference to which key point for practicing persuasion?

Impoverished Management

Exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership

Discuss the Rules of Conduct and the six categories within the rules.

Explain 1. Defining the relationship with a prospective client or clients; 2. Information disclosed to prospective clients and client; 3. Prospective client and clients information and property; 4. Obligations to prospective clients and client; 5. Obligation to employers; 6. Obligation to CFP Board.

Face-to-face

First in the hierarchy order and highest in richness

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Focus on data collection and processing; the major reason for using them is cost reduction

Customer segments

For whom are we creating value? Who are our most important customers? Divides market into groups based on similar characteristics As they increase in size, it becomes more difficult to satisfy them with the same product

Discussion Groups

Formed for people to exchange opinions and ideas on a specific topic -Group members post messages or articles that others in the group can read (LinkedIn Discussion Groups)

Slack Time

Free time for an activity. Also referred to as free float or free slack.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language -Language used to create web pages

Biometrics

Identifying users by unique, measurable body features, such as fingerprint recognition or iris scanning.

Property Dividends (effect on corp.) - Liability in excess of basis

If liability is in excess of basis, FV cannot be less than liability, Amt. realized is greater of FV or amount of liability

Stock Dividends - Effect on E & P

If nontaxable E & P is not reduced, if taxable treat as any other taxable property distribution

Downwards

Implementation of goals and strategies flow which way in the formal communication channels?

6 reasons domestic business operations decide to change to some form of international operation

Improve the supply chain, reduce costs (labor, taxes, tariffs), improve operations, understand markets, improve products, and attract and retain global talent.

Referents

In equity theory, others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly.

Inputs

In equity theory, the contributions employees make to the organization.

Outcomes

In equity theory, the rewards employees receive for their contributions to the organization.

What does an MNC's environment consist of?

Includes many variations in different forces *Legal (intellectual property, patent & trademark laws, etc.) *Cultural (language, ethical issues, religious beliefs, etc.) *Economic (currency, tax structure, interest rates, monetary policies, etc.) *Political (gov't type & stability, policies toward MNCs, etc.)

Property Dividends (effect on corps E & P) - Excess of FV over basis of property distributed

Increases E & P

Reasons for EIS's

Increases productivity Convert info into other formats Spot trends and report exceptions

Multi-factor Productivity

Indicates the ratio of many or all resources (inputs) to the goods and services produced (outputs).

Single Factor Productivity

Indicates the ratio of one resource (input) to the goods and services produced (outputs).

Financial Budget

Indicates where the organization expects to get its cash for the coming time period and how it plans to use it

Team Maintenance Specialist

Individual who develops and maintains team harmony

Downwards

Indoctrinations flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Executive Information Systems

Interactive info systems that give executives easy access to internal and external data -Include: "drill down" features, digital dashboard -Ease of use: EIS should focus on simplicity -Require access to both internal and external data: so execs can spot trends, forecast, and conduct dif analyses -Should also collect data related to an organizations "critical success factors"

Categories of NLP

Interface to databases, machine translation, text scanning and intelligent indexing programs for summarizing large amounts of text, generating text for automated production of standard documents, speech systems for voice interaction with computers

Global Organizations

International, Global, Multinational, and Transnational Have not fully achieved transnational Multinational is 3 or more countries and international is in 2 countries Multinational focuses on financial aspects International focuses on processes and structure

Secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption

Internet browser-based encryption that provides secure off-site web access to some data and programs.

3 major types of networks

LAN: local area network MAN: metropolitan area network WAN: wide area network

Calculating Slack

LS-ES OR LF-EF

Latest Start Time Rule

LS=LF-Activity Time

Sector

Large segment of the economy within which a large group of companies can be categorized

In the Ohio State studies

Leader behavior is defined as the extent to which a leader had job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members ideas and feelings.

Balance Sheet

List of assets and liabilities of an organization at a specific point in time

Open Communication

Managers can build this environment by breaking down conventional hierarchical and department boundaries that may be barriers to communication

Collaboration

A style of dealing with conflict emphasizing both cooperation and assertiveness in order to maximize both parties' satisfaction

Accommodation

A style of dealing with conflict involving cooperation on behalf of the other party but not being assertive about one's own interests

Compromise

A style of dealing with conflict involving moderate attention to both parties' concerns

Competing

A style of dealing with conflict involving strong focus on one's own goals and little or no concern for the other person's goals

Electronic Communication

A system that includes emails, Skype, Videoconferencing, blogs, instant messaging, texting, and social networking.

Parading

A team strategy that entails simultaneously emphasizing internal team building and achieving external visibility

Probing

A team strategy that requires team members to interact frequently with outsiders, diagnose their needs, and experiment with solutions

Start-up venture

A temporary organization designed to search for a repeatable and scalable business model The intent of the founder is to DISRUPT the market with a scalable and impactful business model

Expectancy Theory

A theory that holds that individuals are more likely to be motivated and perform well if they expect to receive desired rewards.

Reward System

A theory that provides prizes, incentives for tasks and jobs well done, and special recognition.

Equity Theory

A theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

Theory of Comparative Advantage

A theory which states that countries benefit from specializing in and exporting goods and services in which they have relative advantage, and they benefit from importing goods and services in which they have a relative disadvantage.

Two-Factor Theory of Motivation

A theory, also known as "motivation-hygiene theory" or "dual theory," which is based on job satisfaction and the extent to which attitudes influence outcomes.

Build goals on common ground

Managers should describe the benefits that employees will experience by embracing a new policy or fulfilling a request. If a manager cant find common advantages, this is typically a sign that goals and plans need to be adjusted. This is in reference to which key point for practicing persuasion?

methods

Managers use different ________ to communicate

Leadership Grid

Measures the leader's concern for people and concern for production to categorize the leader in one of five different leadership styles

Operational Feasibility

Measures: How well the proposed solution will work, how internal and external customers will react

cross functional team

Members composed of people from different departments, such as sales and production, pursuing a common objective

top management team

Members consist of the CEO, president, and top department heads and work to help the organization achieve its mission and goals

work team

Members engage in collective work requiring coordinated effort; purpose of team is advice, production, project, or action (see text discussion)

Business Analytics Applications

MicroStrategy, IBM Cognos, SAP Business Objects, Oracle Business Intelligence, Tableau, Teradata

Postaction Control

Monitors the outputs or results of the organizations after the transformation process is complete

Branches of AI

Natural Language processing (NLP), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Expert Systems, Case-Based Reasoning, intelligent agents, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms

A(n) _____ is a person who benefits from team membership but does not make a proportionate contribution to the team's work.

A. "yes" man B. social worker C. work surfer D. free rider E. groupthink

Which of the following refers to a formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise?

A. A special-purpose team B. A cross-functional team C. A self-managed team D. A vertical team E. A diagonal team

_____ is a role in which the individual provides support for team members' emotional needs.

A. A task specialist role B. A dual role C. A nonparticipator role D. A socioemotional role E. None of these

Which of the following refers to a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work to accomplish a specific objective?!

A. An organization B. A team C. A committee D. A council E. Leadership@

_____ is a collaborative approach to negotiation that is based on a win-win assumption, whereby the parties want to come up with a creative solution that benefits both sides of the conflict.

A. BATNA B. A bargaining zone C. Mediation D. Integrative negotiation E. Distributive negotiation

A competitive and adversarial negotiation approach in which each party strives to get as much as it can, usually at the expense of the other party, is called:

A. BATNA. B. a bargaining zone. C. mediation. D. integrative negotiation. E. distributive negotiation.

Which of the following is the first stage of team development?

A. Forming B. Storming C. Norming D. Performing E. Reforming

Michael's team has evolved to the storming stage of team development. As team leader, what should Michael be emphasizing?

A. Lots of informal interaction B. Participation by all team members C. Task accomplishment D. Goal achievement E. Disbanding team

Jessica has just been appointed leader of a new work team in her organization. She is wondering what to do at her first meeting with the group. Which of the following would you suggest?

A. She should waste little time; get the team focused on the task. B. She should help the team clarify roles and responsibilities. C. She should allow time for team members to become acquainted with one another; allow for informal social interaction. D. She should let someone else worry about this since she is the leader. E. She should propose to disband the team.

Which of the following does NOT pertain to teams?

A. Teams have a designated strong leader B. Teams have individual and mutual accountability C. Specific team vision or purpose D. Collective work products E. All of these pertain to teams

Herman is a team leader at CyberChasers. He usually tries to resolve conflict by referring the problem to a third party, such as his boss. This style of conflict resolution is known as:

A. arbitration. B. mediation. C. bargaining. D. superordinate goals. E. negotiation.

The LHX quality task force has a strong leader in Josh Clark. Josh runs efficient meetings, where he leads discussion and decision-making. In the end, tasks are delegated to members for subsequent follow-up. The LHX task force can best be characterized as a(n) _____.

A. club B. team C. group D. organization E. none of these

Andrea is team leader of the focus group at her organization. In the past, the group was plagued by lack of cooperation and disrespect. Today, she told team members that if anyone tried to undermine another member, that person would be kicked off the team. This is an example of a(n):

A. critical event. B. explicit statement. C. experiential carryover. D. implied norm. E. accommodation.

During the _____ stage, the team leader should encourage participation by each team member.

A. forming B. storming C. norming D. adjourning E. performing

The accommodating style of conflict resolution is based on a _____ degree of assertiveness and a _____ degree of cooperativeness.

A. high, high B. high, low C. low, high D. low, low E. low, medium

The collaborating style of conflict resolution is based on a _____ degree of assertiveness and a _____ degree of cooperativeness.

A. high, high B. high, low C. low, high D. low, low E. low, medium

Common types of formal teams are:

A. vertical and diagonal. B. horizontal and diagonal. C. vertical and horizontal. D. horizontal and lateral. E. lateral and diagonal.

A _____ is a group of employees from different departments formed to deal with a specific activity and existing only until the task is completed.

A. vertical team B. command team C. special purpose team D. task force E. functional group

A task force is sometimes called a(n):

A. vertical team. B. cross-functional team. C. command team. D. special-purpose team. E. executive team.

Calculating E & P - ADS

ADS is required, if ADS is higher than MACRS reduce E & P, if MACRS is higher than ADS increase E & P

Listening

About 75% of effective communication

Decentralized Network

Network where members process information equally among themselves until all agree on a decision

Does a person, an organization, or a nation own the internet?

No one actually owns or runs the internet

Community-based practice

Occupational therapy practice in the community as a setting or a location. Occurs in homes, schools, on playgrounds, in day care centers, at work sites, and at senior centers, among other locations.

Code of Ethics

One of the Standards of Professional Conduct. They are organized into seven different principles ("Principles") that certificants and registrants are expected to enact into their professional activities.

Email

One of the most widely used services on the internet *SMTP (Simple Messaging Transfer Protocol) *POP (Post Office Protocol)

Which of the following definitions best defines a fiduciary under the CFP Board's Standards of Professional Conduct?

One who acts in utmost good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interest of the client.

Middle-of-the-Road-Management

Adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of people at satisfactory level

Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing

Advantages: Cost savings, gaining outside expertise, improving operations and services, maintaining a focus on core competencies, and accessing outside technology. Disadvantages: Increased logistics and inventory costs, loss of control, potential creation of future competition, negative impact on employees, and risks may not manifest themselves for years.

Why is description important for businesses?

All organizations have a sense of where they stand in the competitive environment but the accuracy of that perception will depend on the degree to which organizations integrate data collection and analysis system across functional boundaries.

Centralized processing

All processing done at one computer Main advantage is the tight control over operations and applications Main disadvantage is the lack of responsiveness to the users needs if they are distant from one another

Which of the following is true with respect to forms of discipline?

All revocations issued by the commission are permanent.

Allocating E & P to Distributions - if distributions exceed current E & P

Allocate current and accumulated E & P to each distribution on pro rata basis, apply accumulated E & P in chronological order

VR Terms: Networked Communication

Allowing users in different locations to interact and manipulate the same world at the same time

CPU Case

Also known as a computer chassis or tower. It is the enclosure containing the computer's main components

Audit

An independent appraisal of an organizations accounting, financial, and operational systems

Valence

An individual opinion of the value of outcomes.

Task Specialist

An individual who has more advanced job-related skills and abilities that other group members possess

Certificant

An individual who is currently certified by the CFP board.

Registrant

An individual who, through not currently certified, has been certified by CFP Board in the past and has an entitlement, direct or indirect, to potentially use the CFP marks. This includes individuals who have relinquished their certification and who are eligible for reinstatement without being required to pass the current CFP certification examination.

Expert system

An information system that contains the specialized knowledge and decision rules used by experts and experienced decision makers so that nonexperts can draw on this knowledge base to make decisions.

Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

An intermittent schedule in which consequences are delivered following a different number of behaviors, sometimes more and sometimes less, that vary around a specified average number of behaviors.

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

An intermittent schedule in which consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors.

Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule

An intermittent schedule in which the time between a behavior and the following consequences varies around a specified average.

Management Information System (MIS)

An organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information for decision-making purposes

Private Censure

An unpublished written reproach mailed by the Commission to a censored certificant or registrant.

Strategic Development Process

Analyze the Environment: Identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Understand the environment, customers, industry, and competitors. Determine the Corporate Missions: State the reason for the firm's existence and identify the value it wishes to create. Form a Strategy: Build a competitive advantage, such as low price, design or volume flexibility, quality, quick delivery, dependability, after-sale services, or broad product lines.

As-Is Process Model

As-Is Process Model: 1) Customer approaches counter 2) Order Burger 3) Want fries? Yes/ No 4) Want Drink? Yes/ No 5) Customer Pays Cashier

trust and openness

Asking questions builds _______ ________between managers and employees

Allocating E & P to Distributions - when tax years of corporations and shareholders are not same

Assume that current E & P is able to cover all distributions until parties can show otherwise

Theory Y

Assumes that workers can exercise self-direction, desire responsibility, and like to work.

Theory X

Assumes that workers have little ambition, dislike work, avoid responsibility, and require close supervision.

Self-Mnaged Teams

Autonomous work groups in which workers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in a unit, have no immediate supervisor, and make decisions previously made by first-line supervisors

Piece-rate Incentives

Awards and prizes given at a specific rate as accomplishments occurs, rather than all at one time.

Top¬down

Business Intelligence tools are targeted at the management layers of business. The idea is that BI tools offer measurement→ measurement offers control→ managers control

What is Business Intelligence

Business intelligence is the process by which organizations transform raw data into information for the purpose of engaging in commerce.

Example of business process

Processing a customer's order

Limitations of PERT

Project activities have to be clearly defined, independent, and stable in their relationships, precedence relationships must be specified and networked together, time estimates tend to be subjective and are subject to fudging by managers who fear the dangers of being overly optimistic or not pessimistic enough, there is the inherent danger of placing too much emphasis on the longest, or critical, path. Near critical paths needs to be monitored closely as well.

Oral Communication

Provides verbal discussions, ideas, and processes, either one or one or as a group.

Tangible Benefits

Quantified in terms of monetary value

Level 3: Competent Manager

Organizes people and resources toward the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives

Cloud Computing

Platform incorporating many recent technologies under one platform (including SaaS model, Web 2.0, grid computers, and utility computing) -Nearly all tech vendors are involved in Cloud Computing EX.) Editing word document on an iPhone, same advantages and disadvantages as distributed computing, big data and super computer

Integrity

Principle 1. Demands honesty and candor which must not be subordinated to personal gain and advantage.

Fairness

Principle 4. Requires impartiality, intellectual honesty and disclosure of material conflicts of interest.

Diligence

Principle 7. Requires the provision of services in a reasonably prompt and thorough manner, including their proper planning or, and supervision of, the rendering of professional services.

Intranets

Private company networks that allow employees to easily access, share, and publish information using internet software.

Downwards

Procedures and practices flow which way in the formal communication channels?

What is data? What is information? How does data become information, and information become intelligence?

The ability to acquire information and apply knowledge and skills. Intelligence is more than just the ability to acquire information. Information gathering is not a good in and of itself. Instead, intelligence is the ability to use that information for some good purpose or toward some productive outcome. Data are facts and figures. Information is data in context. Intelligence is information in use.

Stockholders' Equity

The amount accruing to the corporation's owners

Valence

The attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome.

Ration Analysis

The calculation of one or more financial ratios to assess some aspect of the organizations financial health

Critical Path

The computed longest time path(s) through a network.

Goal Difficulty

The extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish.

Consideration

The extent to which a leader is sensitive to subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust

Initiating structure

The extent to which a leader is task oriented and directs subordinates work activities toward goal accomplishment

Goal Specificity

The extent to which goals are detailed, exact, and unambiguous.

Goal Acceptance

The extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals.

Motherboard

The main circuit board containing connectors for attaching additional boards. It usually contains the CPU, basic input/ output system, memory, storage, interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers for standard peripheral devices such as the display monitor, disk drive, and keyboard

Distributive Justice

The perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated.

Procedural Justice

The perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

Moore's law

The prediction that about every two years, computer processing power would double and its cost would drop by 50 percent.

target level

The probability of meeting all demand for an item

Reinforcement

The process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior.

Data mining

The process of discovering unknown patterns and relationships in large amounts of data.

Protecting information

The process of ensuring that data are reliably and consistently retrievable in a usable format for authorized users, but no one else.

Budgeting

The process of investigating what is being done and comparing the results with the corresponding budget data to verify accomplishments or remedy differences; also called budgetary controlling

Analytics

The process of turning raw data into useful information. A sense¬making process Analytics exists on a spectrum from simple observation to complex mathematical methods, but at its heart it is an attempt to understand the convergent or divergent properties of data.

Control

The regulation of organizational activities in such a way as to facilitate goal attainment

Contingency Approach

The relationship between leadership styles and specific situations

Outcomes

The results of a process or undertaking.

Task Force

The team of representatives from different departments, analysts, advisers and top management Internal Users: Employees usign regularly External Users: Customers, contractors, suppliers, etc.

Reinforcement Theory

The theory that behavior is a function of its consequences, that behaviors followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently, and that behaviors followed by negative consequences, or not followed by positive consequences, will occur less frequently.

Web 2.0

The trend of web applications that are more interactive than traditional web applications -Collaboration or e-collaboration is one of its key components -EX.: Blogs, Wikis, Social Networking Sites, RSS Feeds, Podcasts, etc.)

Knowledge

The understanding that one gains from information.

Three-needs Theory

There are three major acquired needs that are major motives in work.

The turing test is used to test a systems ability to exhibit intelligence. True or False?

True

Newsgroups

Typically more general and can cover any topic -Allow people to get together for fun or for business purposes

Optical Discs

Use laser beams to access and store data. Examples include CD-ROMs, WORM discs, and DVDs

Pull Technology

User states a need before getting information -Entering a URL in a web browser to go to a certain website

Digital Dashboards

Visual display of important information that is consolidated and arranged on a single screen so that information can be digested in a single glance and easily explored.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Volatile memory, in which data can be read from and written to; it is called read-write memory

continuous improvment team

Volunteers of workers and supervisors who meet intermittently to discuss workplace and quality-related problems; formerly called quality circle

Property Dividends - Liabilities Assumed Rule/Basis of distributed property

Reduce amount distributed by liabilities assumed by shareholder, basis of distributed property = FV

Screening Control

Relies heavily on feedback processes during the transformation process

2 Dimensions of GIS: Control

Requires centralized architecture for data, requires standard formats for reports, requires defined behaviors for different processes, requires performance- tracking system

Example of an Intelligent Agent is...

Roomba, the automatic vacuum cleaner, performs physical functions (avoid hitting furniture) that humans accomplish through eyes

Calculating E & P

See Pg. 19-7 in textbook

Target markets

Segments that a business will aim its product and marketing efforts toward Attempts to find those most likely to buy the product

Norms

Shared beliefs about how people should think and behave

Virtual Worlds

Simulated environment designed for users to interact via avatars -Avatar- 2D or 3D graphical representation of a person in the virtual world/ used in chat rooms and online games -Strategy Analytics predicts that 640 million people worldwide will inhabit virtual worlds by 2015 EX.) Active worlds, Club Penguin, EGO, Entropia Universe, Habbo, Runescape, Second Life

1. Use "I statements". 2. Stick to facts rather than judgments. 3. Be clear, specific, and direct in your requests.

Some valuable techniques for communicating with candor include

Expectancy Theory

States that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.

3 Types of Decisions

Structured Semi-Structured Unstructured

Customer relationships

What type of relationships do our customer segments expect us to establish and maintain with them? Which ones have we established and how costly are they?

Revenue streams

What value are customers really willing to pay? What/how do they currently pay? How would they prefer to pay? Basically, how will you generate cash?

Value propositions

What value do we deliver? What customer problem are we helping to solve and what needs are we satisfying? "Of all the choices, why you?"

AI Supports Decision Making Analyses

What-Is analysis, What-if Analysis, Why, What does it mean, what should be done, when should it be done?

DSS Capabilities

What-if analysis Goal-seeking Sensitivity analysis Exception reporting analysis

Data clusters

When three or more database elements occur together( i.e., cluster) in a significant way.

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

When two companies convert their purchase and ordering information to a standardized format to enable the direct electronic transmission of that information from one company's computer system to the other company's computer system.

Sequence patterns

When two or more database elements occur together in a significant pattern, but one of the elements precedes the other.

Association or affinity patterns

When two or more database elements tend to occur together in a significant way.

Channels

Where will the consumer purchase the product/service? Which avenues are the most efficient?

Feedback Loop

Whether organizations employ BI from a top¬down or bottom¬up perspective, a feedback loop is necessary for the generation actual intelligence specific to that organization.

secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption

internet browser-based encryption that provides secure off-site web access to some data and programs

IP

internet protocol- responsible for moving packet of data from node to node

social media

internet-based and mobile technologies used generate interactive dialogue with members of a network

decoding

interpreting and making sense of the message

Control Unit (1st part of the CPU)

interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions

Motivators

intrinsic (psychological) factors that create job satisfaction.

Corporate infusion

introduction of new services or programs from outside of a business in an effort to make them permanent features of the corporate entity

part period balancing

inventory ordering technique that balances setup and holding costs by changing the lot size to reflect requirements of the next lot size in the future.

Organizational conversations

involve a give-and-take exchange of information.

B2B

involves electronic transactions between businesses

storming

is characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group.

Operating Budget

is concerned with planned operations within the organization

dysfunctional conflict

is conflict that hinders the organization's performance or threatens its interests.

Personality conflict

is defined as interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike, disagreement, or differing styles.

Outsourcing

is domestic, like human resources being overseas

Fiedler's dimension termed leader member relations

is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates had for their leader

forming

is the process of getting oriented and getting acquainted.

human language is complex:

it is hard for a computer to judge to sentiments of a tweet

kanban

jap term for card, which has come to mean signal, a kanban system moves parts through production via a pull from a signal.

institutional investors

large organizations (such as pension funds, mutual funds, and insurance companies) that invest their own funds or the funds of others

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Chips (RISC)

limit the number of instructions the CPU can execute to increase processing speed

raw material inventory

materials that are usually purchased but have yet to enter the manufacturing process.

performing

members concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned task.

adjourning

members prepare for disbandment.

nonverbal communication

messages sent outside of written or spoken word

click and brick

mixes traditional commerce and e-commerce

broadband

multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase transmission rate

NIC

network interface card physical link between a network and a workstation

wireless network

network using wireless instead of wired technology

extranets

networks that allow companies to exchange information and conduct transactions with outsiders by providing them direct, web-based access to authorized parts of a company's intranet or information system

robots

one of the most successful applications of artificial intelligence. they perform well at simple repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs

receiver

person whom intended message is for

intranets

private company networks that allow employees to easily access, share, and publish information using internet software

Needs assessment

process by which problems, needs, gaps, and issues are identified for the purpose of developing strategies, or programs to address the concerns of a community or population

active listening

process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages

work in process inventory

products or components that are no longer raw materials but have yet to become finished products.

dashboards

provide a comprehensive visual view of corporation perforce measures (Key performance indicators, KPIs), trends and exceptions from multiple business areas, it provides an at-glance view of the health of an organization

Memory Sticks

provide nonvolatile memory for a range of portable devices including computers, digital cameras, MP3 players (removable)

advantages of ERP

provides integration of the supply chain, production, and administrative process. 2. Creates commonality of databases. 3. Can incorporate improved, reengineered, best processes.

buying stock on margin

purchasing stocks by borrowing some of the purchase cost from the brokerage firm

virtual organization

pure digital

Volatility

refers to a device's ability to function with or without power

Data Link layer

reliable connection that controls the communication link

net material requirement

result of adjusting gross requirements for inventory on hand and schedule receipts.

extrinsic reward

reward given to a person by the boss, the company, or some other person

protocols

rules that govern data communication, including error detection and message length

level schedules

scheduling products so that each day's production meets the demand for that day.

Extranet

secure network that uses web and internet to connect intranets of business partners so communication between organizations and consumers is possible

components of a data communication system

sender receiver devices modem or routers communication medium (channel)

what are the 3 basic components of data communication

sender/receiver devices modems or routers communication medium (channel)

Redundant communications

sending the same message using different channels

value chain

series of activities designed to meet business needs by adding value or cost in each phase of the process

semantics

study of the meaning of words

security

system of safeguards for protecting information technology against disasters, system failures, and unauthorized access that result in damage or loss

ratio frequency identification (RFID) tags

tags containing minuscule microchips that transmit information via radio waves and can be used to track the number and location of the objects into which the tags have been inserted

stretch goals

targets that are particularly demanding, sometimes even thought to be impossible

Centralized Network

team members must communicate through one individual to solve problems or make decisions

wagner within procedure

technique for lot size computation that assumes a finite horizon beyond which there are no additional net requirements to arrive at an ordering strategy.

contingent workforce

temporary, freelance or contract workers whose employment is contingent upon demand for their services

Jargon

terminology specific to particular profession or group

Research on leadership made it clear

that predicting leadership success involved something more complex than isolating a few leader traits or preferable behaviors

Personal Networking

the acquisition and cultivation of personal relationships that cross departmental, hierarchical, and even organizational boundaries

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates hows other hardware devices work together

organizational behavior modification (OB Mod)

the application of reinforcement theory in organizational settings

Raw material inventory

the basic inputs in a manufacturing process

Chip Line Width

the distance between transistors on a chip. the shorter the chip line width the faster the chip since more transistors can be placed on a chip and the data and instructions travel short distances during processing.

maturity date

the exact date the issuer of a bond must pay the principal to the bondholder

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

the federal agency that has responsibility for regulating the various stock exchanges

Finished goods inventory

the final outputs of manufacturing operations

Gigahertz (GHz)

the number of billions of CPU cycles per second

Megahertz (MHz)

the number of millions of CPU cycles per second

Stockout

the point when a company runs out of finished product

capital gains

the positive difference between the purchase price of a stock and its sale price

routing

the process of deciding which path that data takes

data mining

the process of discovering unknown patterns and relationships in large amounts of data

protecting information

the process of ensuring that data are reliably and consistently retrievable in a useable format for authorized users, but no one else

data encryption

the transformation of data into complex, scrambled digital codes that can be encrypted only by authorized users who possess unique decryption keys

knowledge

the understanding that one gains from information

valence

the value an outcome holds for the person contemplating it

processing information

transforming raw data into meaningful information

encoding

translating a message into symbols or language

Management by wandering around (MBWA)

used to describe a manager's literally wandering around his/her organization and talking with people across all lines of authority

information

useful data that can influence people's choices and behavior

Design Thinking

uses techniques and tools to define a problem, create and consider multiple options, refine these options through iteration, and then settle on a winning solution

procedural justice

using fair processes in decision making and making sure others know that the process was fair as possible

web services

using standardized protocols to describe data from one company in such a way that those data can automatically be read, understood, transcribed, and processed by different computer systems in another company

monitoring and surveillance agents

usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur

Team Management

Work accomplishment is from committed people; interdependence through a common stake in organization purse leads to relationship of trust and respect

Social Loafing

Working less hard and being less productive when in a group

What is WWW?

World Wide Web -Invented by Tim Berners-Lee

WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access -Broadband wireless technology -Based on IEEE 802.16 standards -Designed for wireless metro area networks -Theoretically has faster data transfer rates and a longer range than WiFi -Disadvantages: -- Interference from other wireless devices, High costs, and interceptions from weather conditions

Lifestyle Venture

a business venture in which the entrepreneur creates out of a desire for independence, financial freedom, and complete control

groupthink

a cohesive group's blind unwillingness to consider alternatives.

data warehouse

a collection of data from variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence

Maslow's need hierarchy

a conception of human needs organizing needs into hierarchy of five major types

prospectus

a condensed version of economic and financial information that a company must file with the SEC before issuing stock; the prospectus must be sent to prospective investors

outcome

a consequence a person receives for his or her performance

cycle counting

a continuing reconciliation of inventory with inventory records.

bond

a corporate certificate indicating that a person has lent money to a firm (or a government)

formal group

a group established to do something productive for the organization and is headed by a leader

informal group

a group formed by people seeking friendship and has no officially appointed leader, although a leader may emerge from the membership.

Alderfer's ERG theory

a human needs theory postulating that people have three basic set of needs that can operate simultaneously

corporate portal

a hybrid of executive information systems and intranets that allows managers and employees to use a web browser to gain access to customized company information and to complete specialized transactions

law of effect

a law formulated by Edward Thorndike in 1911 stating that behavior that is followed by positive consequences will likely be repeated

bill of materials

a listing of the components, their descriptions, and the quantity of each required to make one unit of a product.

Quality

a product or service free of deficiencies, or the characteristics of a product or service that satisfy customer needs

quantity discount

a reduced price for items purchased in large quantities.

Flextime or flexible work hours

a scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits - core hours

ISO 9000

a series of five international standards, from ISO 9000 to ISO 9004, for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in companies throughout the world

probabilistic demand

a statistical model applicable when product demand or any other variable isn't known but can be specified by means of a probability distribution.

Boundaryless structure

a structure is not defined by or limited to artificial horizontal, vertical or extended boundaries

Economic order quantity

a system of formulas that minimizes ordering and holding costs and helps determine how much and how often inventory should be ordered

bar code

a visual pattern that represents numerical data by varying the thickness and pattern of vertical bars

Cross-functional team

a work team composed of individuals from various functional specialties

stock splits

an action by a company that gives stockholders two or more shares of stock for each one they own

electronic scanner

an electronic device that converts pointed text and pictures into digital images

Portfolio entrepreneurship

an entrepreneur who owns a minority or majority stake in several ventures, often create a lot of churn in their portfolios as they seek out new business opportunities that link to their existing businesses

enterprise resource planning

an info system for identifying and planning the enterprise wide resources needed to take, make, ship, and account for customer orders.

expert system

an information system that contains the specialized knowledge and decision rules used by experts and experienced decision makers so that nonexperts can draw on this knowledge base to make decisions

decision support system (DSS)

an information system that helps managers understand specific kinds of problems and potential solutions and analyze the impact of different decision options using "what-if" scenarios

Total Quality Management

an integrated, principle-based, organization-wide strategy for improving product and service quality

mutual fund

an organization that buys stocks and bonds and then sells shares in those securities to the public

virtual organization

an organization that consists of a small core of full time employees & outside specialists temporarily hired as needed to work on projects

Learning organization

an organization that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt & change

Which of the following is not part of the CFP Board's Standards of Professional Conduct? a. Code of Ethics b. Risk Management c. Rules of Conduct d. Candidate Fitness Standards

b. Risk Management

Idea

becomes viable only when it remains anchored in products/services that create/add value to customers and remains attractive, durable, and timely

Face-to-face communications

best for communicating with people who are exhibiting strong emotions

lean medium

best for routine situations & to avoid overloading

debenture bonds

bonds that are unsecured (i.e., not backed by any collateral such as equipment)

brokerage

bring sellers and buyers together on the web and collects commissions on transactions between these parties

C2C

business transactions between users

Ecommerce

buying and selling goods and services over the internet

diversification

buying several different investment alternatives to spread the risk of investing

Which of the following best describes the intent behind the principles of the CFP Board's Code of Ethics? a. To avoid getting sued by clients. b. To make more money as a financial planner. c. To establish the highest principles and standards that are aspirational in character and provide a source of guidance for certificants and registrants. d. To assist candidates in getting certified.

c. To establish the highest principles and standards that are aspirational in character and provide a source of guidance for certificants and registrants.

Primary Cache

cache memory that is built directly into the CPU's circuit

Application Software

can be commercial software or software developed in house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a personal computer

WAN

can span several cities, states, or even countries, usually owned by several parties

job enrichment

changing a task to make it inherently more rewarding, motivating, and satisfying

job rotation

changing from one task to another to alleviate boredom

hygiene factors

characteristics of the workplace, such as company policies, working conditions, pay, and supervision, that can make people dissatified

Personal Communication Channels

coexist with formal channels within an organization but may skip hierarchical levels, cutting across vertical chains of command to connect virtually anyone in the organization

Teamwork

collaboration between managers and nonmanagers, across business functions, and between companies, customers, and suppliers

Strategic Partnerships

collaborative relationships between two or more organizations in which they combine their resources & capabilities for some business purpose

packet

collection of binary digits including message data and control characters for formatting and transmitting sent from computer to computer over a network

Data warehouse

collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision¬making applications and generate business intelligence

exchange-traded funds (ETFs)

collection of stocks, bonds, and other investments that are traded on exchanges but are traded more like individual stocks than like mutual funds

non defensive communication

communication that is assertive, direct, and powerful

B2C

companies sell directly to consumers

Offshoring

company makes something overseas for lower cost

application logic

concerning the software processing requests for users

task role or task-oriented role

consists of behavior that concentrates on getting the team's tasks done.

Memory Cards

contain high capacity storage that holds data such as captured music, images or text files (non-removable)

just in time

continuous and forced problem solving via a focus on throughout and reduced inventory.

Indexing

copy found by spider is returned to the search engine and is stored in a data center- collection of web pages

Crawling the Web

copying what is on web pages and constantly rechecking to see if they have been updated (use spiders)

team

defined as a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

Trust

defined as reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behaviors

Group

defined as two or more freely interacting individuals who share collective norms, share collective goals, and have a common identity

informal communication channels

develop outside the formal structure and do not follow the chain of command

Just in time layout

distance reduction, increased flexibility, impact on employees and reduced space and inventory.

lean operations

eliminates waste through a focus on exactly what the customer wants.

Chart (Secondary Storage)

equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long term (CD, DVD, memory stick)

Chart (Input Devices)

equipment used to capture information and commands (mouse, keyboard)

Chart (Output Devices)

equipment used to see, hear, or accept results of information processing requests (monitor, printer)

stock certificates

evidence of stock ownership that specifies the name of the company, the number of shares it represents, and the type of stock being issued

advertising

extension of traditional advertising media

safety stock

extra stock to allow for uneven demand.

Hygiene Factors

extrinsic (environmental) factors that create job dissatisfaction.

Formal Communication Channels

flow within the chain of command or task responsibility defined by the organization

external communication

flows between people inside and outside the organization

horizontal communication

flows within and between work units; main purpose is to coordinate

Operations Control

focuses on the processes the organization uses to transform resources into products or services

comprehensive style

focusing on the speaker's logic

formal communication channel

follow the chain of command and recognized as officials

motivation

forces that energize, direct, and sustain a persons efforts

MAN

handles data communication from multiple organizations in a city and sometimes from nearby cities

Intrapreneurship

harnessing the "resources within an organization to develop, improve, promote, extend, or enhance a new or existing program"

Leadership Studies

has only been studied since the early twentieth century. University of Pennsylvania was first.

FitBit is dedicated to helping people lead _______, more _____ lives.

healthier, active

shopping and information agents

help users navigate through the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information. these agents can navigate the Web much faster than humans and gather more consistent, detailed information. they can serve as search engines, site reminders, or personal surfing assistants

telepresence technology

high-definition videoconference system that simulates face-to-face interactions by users

junk bonds

high-risk, high-interest bonds

big data

high-volume, velocity and variety information assets that demand cost-effective, innovative form of information processing for enhanced insight and decision making

presentation logic

how data is returned to the client

HTML

hypertext markup language used to create web pages can be written in a simple .txt file

<a href>

inserts a hyperlink that you can click to get to another website

<img src="x">

inserts and image

MindMeister is a ________________ application.

Web based

Push Technology (Webcasting)

Web server delivers information to users who have signed up for this service -Supported by many web browsers -Also available from vendors -Delivers context to users automatically at set intervals or when a new event occurs -EX.) "A newer version of Adobe flash is available, would you like to install it?"

Cost structure

What are the most important costs inherent in our business model? Which key resources are most expensive?

functional conflict

which benefits the main purposes of the organization and serves its interests

extinction

withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence

data-mining agents

work with a data warehouse, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data item that were not readily apparent

Database

A collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files

Trends in Networking

-Many are already used -- wireless technologies and grid computing -Newer but attracting a lot of attention -- WiMAX and Cloud Computing

3 types of processing configurations

1. centralized 2. decentralized 3. distributed

disadvantages of ERP

1. is very expensive to purchase, and even more costly to customize. 2. implementation may require major changes in the company and its processes. 3. is so complex that many companies can't adjust to it.

ohno's seven waste

1. overproduction 2. queues- ide time, storage, and waiting 3. transportation 4. inventory 5. motion 6. over-processing 7. defective product.

functions of inventory

1. to separate various parts of the production process. 2. to separate the firm from fluctuations in demand and provide a stock of goods that will provide a selection for customers. 3. to take advantage of quality discounts, because purchases in larger quantities may reduce the cost of goods of their delivery. 4. to health against inflation and upward price changes.

Birth Year of the Internet

1969 - Started as a US Dept. of Defense project called ARPANET

What event signifies the birth of the Internet?

1987 - National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET)

internet protocol address (IP address)

208.77.188.166 assigned by the internet corporation for assigned names and numbers

Servant Leader

A leader who serves others by working to fulfill followers' needs and goals as well as to achieve the organizations' larger mission

Bureaucratic Control

A form of organizational control characterized by formal and mechanistic structural arrangements

Gossip Chain

A format where several individuals spread information, which is sometimes false or misleading, through an organization.

Supply Chain

A global network of organizations and activities that supplies a firm with goods and services.

Activity Map

A graphical link of competitive advantage, KSFs, and supporting activities.

Charismatic Leader

A leader who has the ability to inspire and motivate people to transcend their expected performance, even to the point of personal sacrifice

Use multiple media to send important messages

By saying the same thing more than once via multiple channels, leaders add weight to the message and keep the issue at the top of the employees minds. This is in reference to which key point for practicing persuasion?

Level 2: Contributing Team Member

Contributes individual capabilities to the achievement of group objectives and works effectively with others in a group setting

Strategic Control

Control aimed at ensuring that the organization is maintaining an effective alignment with its environment and moving toward achieving its strategic goals

Clan Control

Control based on the norms, values, shared goals, and trust among group members

Market Control

Control based on the use of pricing mechanisms and economic information to regulate activities within organizations

Balanced Scorecard

Control system combining four sets of performance measures: financial, customer, business process, and learning and growth

Property Dividends (effect on corporation)

Corp is treated as if sold property for FV, recognize gain but not loss

The commission may make the following decisions regarding a petition for reconsideration by a candidate for certification:

Grant the petition after determining the conduct does not reflect adversely on the individual's fitness as a candidate for CFP certification, or adversely upon the profession or the CFP certification marks (and certification should be permitted). Deny the petition after determining the conduct does reflect adversely on the individual's fitness as a candidate for CFP certification, or adversely upon the profession or the CFP certification marks (and certification should be barred).

Property Dividends (effect on corps E & P) - Amount of reduction of E & P

Greater of FV or Basis less liabilities

Upwards

Grievances and disputes flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Semiautonomous Work Groups

Groups that make decisions about managing and carrying out major production activities but get outside support for quality control and maintenance

Open Communication

Helps people accept, understand, and commit to goals

two-factor theory

Herzbergs theory describing two factors affecting peoples work motivation and satisfaction

Open Communication

Higher productivity, better decision making, and lower turnover rates

EPIC

System described by the guest speaker Jessica that allows doctors and nurses from different hospitals and offices to view all of the patients medical records easily

IEEE 802.11g is an indication of your wireless network adapter

TRUE

the embedded references in hypermedia documents are called hypertext, which consist of links users can click to follow a particular thread

TRUE

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags

Tags containing minuscule microchips that transmit information via radio waves and can be used to track the number and location of the objects into which the tags have been inserted.

Economic Feasibility

Tangible, intangible, Cost-effectiveness analysis: concept that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar a year from now

Current E & P

Taxable Income as adjusted

Work Teams

Teams that make or do things like manufacture, assemble, sell or provide service

Parallel Teams

Teams that operate separately from the regular work structure, and exist temporarily

Project and Development Teams

Teams that work on long-term projects but disband once the work is completed

Self-Designing Teams

Teams with the responsibilities of autonomous work groups, plus control over hiring, firing, and deciding what tasks members perform

How do you do Business Intelligence?

Technologically

Technical Feasibility

Technology to be used Is the technology in new system available or feasible to implement

Control Unit

Tells the computer what to do, such as instructing the computer which device to read or send output to

Why is organizational BI so difficult? What are three strategies for ensuring successful organizational implementation?

This is perhaps the most difficult aspect of any BI implementation. Defining the technological capabilities needed to implement a BI system is rather straight¬forward, but defining the organizational capabilities needed is significantly complex. Ideally, the motivation for implementation will be tied directly to a business need. This strategic impetus will continue to drive the project when process is dragged down by complications or difficulties. There is also a marketing (promotion) component to any implementation that is necessary to increase support from the top and bottom of an organization. This early support will increase the likelihood of use once the system is in place. The most important quality is patience. Just as humans acquire intelligence slowly over time, organizations learn to adapt to the new BI tools and the benefits they provide. As these systems mature, the become more valuable which implies a long¬term return on investment.

Establish credibility

This key point for practicing persuasion is based on knowledge, expertise, and interpersonal skills

Stakeholders

Those with a vested interest in an organization, including customers, distributors, suppliers, owners, lenders, employees, and community members.

Country Club Management

Thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo

Research by Fiedler uncovered

Three contingency dimensions that define the key situational factors for determining leader effectiveness.

To-Be Process Model

To-Be Process Model: 1) Customer approaches cashier 2) Orders a combo meal 3) Customer pays cashier

Data Mining

Tools used to discover patterns and relationships among data elements. Bottom¬up processing that explores data searching for unknown but potential relationships.

Accumulated E & P

Total of all prior years current E & P reduced by distributions from E & P

Outsourcing

Transferring a firm's activities that have traditionally been internal to external suppliers.

Uniform Resource locators (URLS)

identify a web page, the address of the document or site on the internet

biometrics

identifying users by unique, measurable body features, such as fingerprint recognition or iris scanning

Disk Drive

A peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving information

Fiedler assumed

A person's leadership style was Fixed.

International Strategy

A strategy in which global markets are penetrated using exports and licenses.

Global Strategy

A strategy in which operating decisions are centralized and headquarters coordinates the standardization and learning between facilities.

Multi domestic Strategy

A strategy in which operating decisions are decentralized to each country to enhance local responsiveness.

Written Communication

A system where the sender writes emails, reports, memos, letters, and other documents.

Goal

A target, objective, or result that someone tries to accomplish.

Gatekeeper

A team member who keeps abreast of current developments and provides the team with relevant information

Informing

A team strategy that entails making decisions with the team and then informing outsiders of its intentions

Work team effectiveness is based on three outcomes: productive output, capacity to adapt and learn, and _____.

A. cohesiveness B. satisfaction C. commitment D. leadership E. norms

A functional team is also referred to as a(n) _____.

A. command team B. task force C. special purpose team D. horizontal team E. interorganizational team

Wyatt has recently been appointed by his boss to a group that has been meeting since the company he works for was founded. The purpose of this group is to make budgetary decisions on an ongoing basis. Wyatt's group can best be defined as a _____.

A. committee B. global team C. focus group D. virtual team E. self-directed team

The _____ conflict resolution style is best when maintaining harmony is important.

A. competing style B. collaborating style C. accommodating style D. avoiding style E. comprising

Once some teams have evolved to the _____ stage of team development, task performance is no longer the top priority.

A. performing B. storming C. adjourning D. norming E. achieving

At FEI Industries, teams of product developers coordinate their work electronically at the North American, European, and Asian sites to coincide with peak operating hours at each location. Such teams are referred to as a _____.

A. project team B. committee C. focus group D. global team E. self-directed team

All of these behaviors are consistent with the role of a task specialist EXCEPT:

A. seek information. B. initiation. C. summarize. D. compromise. E. energize.

Cross-border work teams made up of members of different nationalities whose activities span multiple countries are called:

A. self-directed teams. B. project teams. C. multinational teams. D. long distance teams. E. global teams.

There are two types of roles that emerge in teams. They are the ____ role and the ____ role.

A. task specialist, socioeconomic B. generalists, socioeconomic C. task specialist, socioemotional D. generalists, socioemotional E. socioemotional, socioeconomic

Self-directed teams are _____ teams.

A. temporary B. permanent C. ad-hoc D. task force E. none of these

The forming stage of team development is characterized by:

A. the establishment of order and cohesion. B. cooperation. C. problem solving. D. orientation. E. conflict.

Self-directed teams consist of 5 to 20 _____ workers.

A. union B. non-union C. multiskilled D. low wage E. all of these

Carolyn is a member of a work team at Creepy Clown's Company. She and her teammates possess several different skills and are able to perform a major organizational task with little or no oversight from management. Carolyn is a member of a(n):

A. union. B. self-directed team. C. project team. D. special-purpose team. E. bureaucratic team.

Internal collaboration

1. Cross-functional team 2. Task force (or ad hoc committee)

Property Dividends - Effect on shareholder

Amount distributed = FV or property, taxed as dividend to extent of E & P, excess is treated as return of capital to extent of basis in stock with the remainder treated as a gain

Electronic scanner

An electronic device that converts printed text and pictures into digital images.

External Audit

An evaluation conducted by one organization, such as a CPA firm, on another

Management Audit

An evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of various systems within an organization

Motivation

An incentive or drive to complete a task, function, or idea.

Flexible Work Arrangements

1. Telecommuting 2. Compressed Workweek 3. Flextime 4. Job Sharing 5. Contingent Workforce

Decentralized Network

Best for complex, difficult work environments where teams need a free flow of communication in all directions

Coinbase uses a (Blank) security measure on all their accounts.

Bi-level application

Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc.

Board that maintains professional standards necessary for competency and ethics in the financial planning profession for those professionals who have been granted the right to use their designation.

Virtual Reality

-Computer-generated, 3D images to create the illusion of interaction in a real-world environment -Began with military fight simulations in the 1960s

2 components of an Expert system

-Forward chaining: series of "if-then-else", condition pairs are performed: if condition evaluated first, then corresponding then-else action -Backward chaining: starts with the goal-the "then" part, backtracks to find the right solution

Transactional Leader

Clarifies subordinates' roles and task requirements, initiates structure, provides rewards, and displays consideration for followers

QuickBooks is a _______ based software.

Cloud

symptoms of groupthink

-Invulnerability, inherent morality, and stereotyping of opposition. -Rationalization and self-censorship -Illusion of unanimity, peer pressure, and mindguards. -Groupthink versus "the wisdom of crowds."

GIS for Multinational Structure

-Low requirements for communication technology -Influenced by local hardware and software vendors -Each subsidiary operates on a different platform (Nestle, Tyco, etc.)

GIS: E-Business

-Major factor in the widespread use of global information systems -Builds on the advantages and structures of traditional business

GIS: Growth of the Internet

-Simplify Communication -Improve Business Relationships -Consumers can engage in comparison shopping more easily

10 Strategic OM Decisions

Design of goods and services, Managing quality, Process Strategy, Location Strategies, Layout Strategies, Human Resources, Supply-chain Management, Inventory Management, Scheduling, and Maintenance.

Traits

Distinguishing personal characteristics, such as intelligence, self-confidence, energy, and independence

What is the backbone of the internet? What is it made of?

Foundation network linked with fiber optic cables

Process

Generates the most useful type of information for decision-making, including transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis

when you submit a key word to google it will search as many websites as possible to give you your results

FALSE

VR Terms: Telepresence

Giving users the feeling that they're in another location - like being there

Compared to traditional bar codes, QR codes have lower storage capacity. True or False?

False

QR codes can only be read from one direction. True or False?

False

GIS

Global Information System -Info. system that works across national borders -Facilitates communication between headquarters and subsidiaries in other countries -Incorporates all the technologies and applications found in a typical info system

Authentic Leadership

Individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity

Assemble-to-order operation

a manufacturing operation that divides manufacturing processes into separate parts or modules that are combined to create semicustomized products

Open-Book Management

Involving employees in workplace decision by opening up the financial statements of the employer.

Motivation

Is the result of an interaction between the person and a situation; it is not a personal trait.

make-to-stock operation

a manufacturing operation that orders parts and assembles standardized products before receiving customer orders

Continuous-flow production

a manufacturing operation that produces goods at a continuous, rather than a discrete, rate

Batch production

a manufacturing operation that produces goods in large batches in standard lot sizes

QR (quick response) code

a matrix barcode consisting of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background

Productivity

a measure of performance that indicates how many inputs it takes to produce or create an output

Partial productivity

a measure of performance that indicates how much of a particular kind of input it takes to produce an output

abc analysis

a method for dividing on hand inventory into three classifications based on annual dollar volume.

goal-setting theory

a motivation theory stating that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end

NASDAQ

a nationwide electronic system that links dealers across the nation so that they can buy and sell securities electronically

router

a network connection device containing software that connects network systems and controls traffic flow between them

Intranet

a network used within an organization, uses protocols and technologies to collect store and disseminate data for business activities

Materials requirement planning

a production and inventory system that determines the production schedule, production batch sizes, and inventory needed to complete final products

virus

a program or piece of code that, without your knowledge, attaches itself to other programs on your computer and can trigger anything from a harmless flashing message to the reformatting of your hard drive to a systemwide network shutdown

firewall

a protective hardware or software device that sits between the computers in an internal organizational network and outside networks, such as the internet

stockbroker

a registered representative who works as a market intermediary to buy and sell securities for clients

sinking fund

a reserve account in which the issuer of a bond periodically retires some part of the bond principal prior to maturity so that enough capital will be accumulated by the maturity date to pay off the bond

Task force (or ad hoc committee)

a temporary committee or team forced

Barriers to Communication

Obstacles that interrupt the flow of conveying and receiving messages.

Gantt Chart

Planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time.

Merit-based Rewards

Positive reinforcement based on specific accomplishments, with rewards given for achievement of specified measurements.

Disciplinary Rules

Provide detailed procedures followed by the CFP Board in enforcing the Code of Ethics, Rules of Conduct and Practice Standards.

Business Intelligence (BI)

Provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace

Financial Plannign

Providing "material elements of the financial planning process" i.e., the process of determining whether and how an individual can meet life goals through the proper management of financial resources.

VR Terms: Simulation

Rendering 3D appearance

2 Dimensions of GIS: Coordination

Requires: Decentralized architecture for data, standardization within departments, ability to communicate these standards to other departments -Collaboration systems, -Technologies that support informal communication and socialization

Stock Attribution - Corporations

Stock owned by a corporation is deemed to be owned proportionally by any shareholder who owns 50% or more interest in the corporation.

Main Memory

Stores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance

Data warehouse

Stores huge amounts of data that have been prepared for data mining analysis by being cleaned of errors and redundancy.

Managerial-Streamlining

Streamlining improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps; gets rids of bottlenecks (when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle additional demand) and redudencies

Industry

Sub-divisions of sectors consisting of a group of firms producing a similar product or service

Global Structure

Subsidiaries have little autonomy -Sometimes calles a franchiser -Extensive communication between headquarters and subsidiaries necessary -Heavy reliance on headquarters

Upwards

Suggestions for improvement flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Information Technologies

Support Information systems and use the internet, computer networks, database systems, POS systems, and radio-frequency-Identification (RFID) tags

Optical character recognition

The ability of software to convert digitized documents into ASCII text (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) that can be searched, read, and edited by word processing and other kids of software.

Communication

The act of transmitting information, thoughts, and processes through various channels.

Liabilities

The amounts a corporation owes to various creditors

Channel Richness

The capacity to convey as much information as possible during the communication process.

Job Sharing

Two or more people split a full-time job.

Information Literacy

Understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence

What is URL?

Uniform Resource Locators -Identifies a web page, the address of a document, or site on the internet -Suffix indicating the top level domain (TLD) it belongs to

Web services

Using standardized protocols to describe data from one company in such a way that those data can automatically be read, understood, transcribed, and processed by different computer systems in another company.

An example of Neural Network is...

Visa and other credit card companies use these to analyze large amounts of customer information to establish patterns where logic and rule rules are unknown. When these patterns are broken or have odd behavior fraud is detected

norming

conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge.

LAN

connects workstations and peripheral devices that are in close proximity

maintenance role or relationship-oriented role

consists of behavior that fosters constructive relationships among team members.

4G

current generation of cellular networks

optical character recognition

the ability of software to convert digitized documents into ASCII text (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) that can be searched, read, and edited by word-processing software as well as other kinds of software

Chart (CPU)

the actual hardware that interprets and executes the software instructions and coordinates how all other hardware devices work together

Inventory

the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession

Channel Richness

the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode

inventory position

the amount of inventory on hand plus the amount of inventory on order

lead time

the amount of time that passes between the beginning and ending of a set of activities

Dow Jones Industrial Average (the Dow)

the average cost of 30 selected industrial stocks, used to give an indication of the direction (up or down) of the stock market over time

Component parts inventory

the basic parts used in manufacturing that are fabricated from raw materials

service level

the complement of the probability of a stockout.

Primary Storage

the computer's main memory, which consists of the Random Access Memory (RAM), and Read Only Memory (ROM), that is directly accessible to the CPU

Random Access Memory (RAM)

the computer's primary working memory in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU

Chart (Primary Storage)

the computers main memory, which consists of the RAM, the cache memory, the ROM that is directly accessible to the CPU

Stockout cost

the cost incurred when a company runs out of a product, including transaction costs to replace inventory and the loss of customers' goodwill

Holding cost

the cost of keeping inventory until it is used or sold, including storage, insurance, taxes, obsolescence, and opportunity costs

Ordering cost

the costs associated with ordering inventory, including the cost of data entry, phone calls, obtaining bids, correcting mistakes, and determining when and how much inventory to order

Setup cost

the costs of downtime and lost efficiency that occur when a machine is changed or adjusted to produce a different kind of inventory

growth need strength

the degree to which individuals want personal and psychological development

Manufacturing flexability

the degree to which manufacturing operations can easily and quickly change the number, kind, and characteristics of products they produce

Need for Affliation

the desire for interpersonal relationships

initial public offering (IPO)

the first public offering of a corporation's stock

reorder point

the inventory level at which action is taken to replenish the stocked item.

common stock

the most basic form of ownership in a firm; it confers voting rights and the right to share in the firm's profits through dividends, if approved by the firm's board of directors

Need for Power

the need to influence the behaviors of others

unsupervised data mining

the process when the user simply tells the data mining software to uncover whatever patterns and relationships it can find in a data set

teleworking

the same as telecommuting but working anywhere. ex: client office, store..etc

TCP

transmission control protocol- responsible for verifying the correct delivery data from client to server

QR codes have higher storage capacity than traditional bar codes

true

empathetic style

tuning into the speaker's emotion

Nonroutine messages

typically are ambiguous, concern novel events, and involve great potential for misunderstanding

Unstructured

typically one-time decisions does not rely on standard operating procedure decision maker's intuition plays the most important role infor technology offers little support for these decisions

domain names

unique identifiers of computer or network addresses on the internet clemson.edu

grapevine

unofficial communication system of an informal organization

Magnetic Disk

used for random-access processing. Data can be accessed in any order regardless of its order on the surface

Personality clashes

when individual differences can't be resolved.

Ambiguous jurisdictions in groups

when job boundaries are unclear.

Time pressure

when people believe there aren't enough hours to do the work.

Communication failures

when people misperceive and misunderstand.

Inconsistent goals or reward systems within the group

when people pursue different objectives.

cooperating

when their efforts are systematically integrated to achieve a collective objective

Status differences in the group

when there are inconsistencies in power and influence.

data clusters

when three or more database elements occur together (cluster) in a significant way

electronic data interchange (EDI)

when two companies convert their purchase and ordering information to a standardized format to enable the direct electronic transmission of that information from one company's computer system to the other company's computer system

Competition for scarce resources

when two parties need the same things.

motivators

factors that make a job more motivating such as additional job responsibilities, opportunities for personal growth and recognition, and feelings of achievement

raw data

facts and figures

fiber optics is using light signal and thus it is a radiated medium

false- transmits lights signals through cables and thus belong to the conducted media category

IEEE 802.11

family for wireless network

IEEE 802.1

family of standards for network

toyota production system

focus on continuous improvement, respect for people, and standard work practices.

The degree to which the job assignments are

formalized and procedurized is task structure contingency dimension according to Fiedler.

Backbone of the internet

foundation is linked with fiber optic cables that can support very high bandwidth several private companies operate their own internet backbones

written letters and memos

fourth in the hierarchy because it can be personally focused but it conveys only written cues and is slower to provide feedback

mixed

generating revenue from more than one source

program tarding

giving instructions to computers to automatically sell if the price of a stock dips to a certain point to avoid potential losses

job enlargement

giving people additional tasks at the same time to alleviate boredom

authorization

granting authenticated users approved access to data, software, and systems

attenuation

loss of power in a signal as it travels from the sending device

MIRO

maintenance, repair, and operating materials.

authentication

making sure potential users are who they claim to be

Operations management

managing the daily production of goods and services

Job shops

manufacturing operations that handle custom orders or small batch jobs

Line-flow production

manufacturing processes that are preestablished, occur in a serial or linear manner, and are dedicated to making one type of product

Primary industry sources

new data containing first-hand information or original data on a topic; proprietary; customized

personal agents

perform specific tasks for a user such as remembering information for filling out Web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the fist few characters are typed

telecommuting

perform work that is usually done in an office away from the office

reinforcers

positive consequences that motivate behavior

Exception Reporting

process of automatically reporting any situation which is unusual or requires management action

lot sizing decision

process of, or techniques used in, determining lot size.

informediary

sites collect information on consumers and businesses and then sell this information to other companies for marketing purpose

Cache Memory

small unit or ultra fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits (RAM)

Connect emotionally

Learn to understand others emotions and needs and adjust your approach to match the audiences ability to receive your message. This is in reference to which key point for practicing persuasion?

Qualified Dividends - Corporation Treatment

Treated as ordinary dividend income, subject to DRD

Project Structure

an organizational structure in which employees continuously work on projects

Team Structure

an organizational structure in which the entire organization is made up of work teams

Multifactor productivity

an overall measure of performance that indicates how much labor, capital, materials, and energy it takes to produce an output

noise

any disturbance that interfere with the transmission of the message e

positive reinforcement

applying consequences that increase the likelihood that behavior that led to it.

Advice teams

are created to broaden the information base for managerial decisions.

External Audits

are financial appraisals conducted by experts who are not employees of the organization

Norms

are general guidelines or rules of behavior that most group or team members follow.

preventing group think

- allow criticism -allow other perspectives

Inter-Organizational Systems (IOS)

-To facilitate information exchange among business partners -Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) -Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

Benefits and costs of DSS

-increase in number of alternatives examined -fast response to unexpected situations -ability to make one-of-a-kind decisions -new insights and learning -improved communication -improved control over operations -cost savings from ability to make better decisions and analyze several scenarios in a short period -better decisions -more effective teamwork -time savings -better use of data resources

large team DISADV

-less interaction -lower morale -social loafing

Level 5: Level 5 Executive

Builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will

Task-oriented Leaders

Considered to perform better in either highly favorable or highly unfavorable situations

Fiduciary

Defined by the CFP board as "one who acts in utmost good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interest of the client."

independent demand

Demand that cannot be directly derived from the demand for other products.

Horizontal

Intradepartmental problem solving flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Level 1: Highly Capable Individual

Makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills, and good work habits

Authentication

Making sure potential users are who they claim to be.

purpose driven

Managers communicate __________ strategic conversations via multiple channels

Why is discovery important to businesses?

Most organizations don't know what they don't know. Others don't even know what they'd like to know. Business Intelligence implies a sort of soul searching that is simply impossible without information systems.

GIS and Organizational Structure (4 Structures)

Multinational, Global, International, Transnational

Calculating E & P - Installment method

No installment method, increase E & P by deferred gain in year of sale, reduce E & P by gain in subsequent years

Passive Follower

One who exhibits neither critical independent thinking or active participation

Downwards

Performance feedback flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Upwards

Performance reports flow which way in the formal communication channels?

Transfer Price

Price charged by one unit for a good or service provided to another unit within the organization

Magnetic Tape

Resembles a Cassette Tape and stores data sequentially

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The 'heart' of a computer, divided into two components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit

Can a company have its own internet backbone?

Yes

Questions

_______ stimulate the mind and give people a chance to make a difference

Under the CFP Board's Rules of Conduct, which of the following are a category of rules within the CFP Boards Rules of Conduct? a. Obligations to prospective clients and client b. Obligation to employers c. obligations to the profession d. all the above e. none of the above

d. All the above Obligations to prospective clients and client, Obligation to employers, Obligations to the profession

A leadership style: A leader who tends to involve employees in participation decision making

delegates authority encourages participation in deciding work methods uses feedback for coaching employees

Emerging practice

development and provision of a new type of occupational therapy service either in a traditional service context or in an environment where services have not traditionally been available or well established

Strategic Conversations

dialogue across boundaries and hierarchical levels about the team or organizations vision, critical strategic themes, and the values that help achieve important goals.

defensive communication

either aggressive, attacking, angry communication or passive, with drawing communication

hypertext

embedded references in hypermedia documents links users can click to follow a particular thread

expectancy

employees' perception of the likelihood that their efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals

Chart (Communication Devices)

equipment used to send information and receive it from one location to another (wireless modem)

over-the-counter (OTC) market

exchange that provides a means to trade stocks not listed on the national exchanges

What are two positive aspects of BI implementations? Why?

i. It's rich ¬ very few aspects of our lives take place "offline" which means there is a rich digital trail following behind all of your customers and competitors, actual and potential. This wealth of data gives businesses greater access to customer behavior than businesses in previous eras could have imagined. Proper use of these resources could create a competitive advantage among market rivals, or greater levels of customer service. Either way, it's a win for the organization. ii. It's powerful ¬ Data analytics isn't magic but it's pretty close. With enough relevant data points models can be created that predict almost any aggregate human action. As margins narrow, intelligence will be the most important resource to most organizations.

Small business

independently owned and operated, organized for profit, and not dominant in its field the intent of the owner is to be her/his own boss and secure a place in the local market.

Nonmonetary Budget

is simply a budget expressed in non financial terms,such as units of output, hours of direct labor, machine hours.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

is the portion of a computer's primary storage that does not lose its contents when it switches off power (nonvolatile); contains essential system programs that neither the user nor the computer can erase

Semistructured

not as defined by standard operating procedures structured aspect that benefits from info retrieval, analytical models, and info systems technology

Word Length

number of bits that can be processed by the CPU at one time (bits and bytes)

crowdsourcing

obtaining services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, especially the online community

Open Innovation

opening up the search for new ideas beyond the organizations boundaries & allowing innovations to easily transfer inward & outward

what is data communication?

is the electronic transfer of data from one location to another

3 levels of logic

presentation application data management

server

remote computer on the network that provides information or services in a response to client requests

data communication

the electronic transfer of data from one location to another

Geographic Information Systems

-Captures, stores, processes, and displays geographic information -uses spatial and nonspatial data -uses three geographic objects: Points, lines, areas

3 Components of DSS

-DSS engine manages and coordinates these major components 1. Database 2. Model base: mathematical and statistical models to analyze info 3. User interface: how users access the DSS

Fuzzy Logic

-Grey Area -allows a smooth, gradual transition btw human and computer vocabs -deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership -designed to help computers simulate vagueness and uncertainty in common situations -works based on the degree of membership in a set

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

-Interactive info system -Consist of hardware, software, data, and models -Designed to assist decision makers in an organization

Prezi is ______, meaning you can present from your browser, desktop, and Apple devices.

Cloud based

Implementation

Phase 4: solution is transferred from paper to action, team configures system and procures components Task: acquire new equipment, hire new employees, train employees, systems physical layout, coding, testing, security measures, disaster recovery plan

Prototyping

Small scale version of the system is developed: large enough to illustrate benefits, allows user feedback Used for: gathering requirements, determine system requirements, technical feasibility, selling system to users and management

Request for Proposal

Written document with detailed specifications: request bids for equipment, supplies, vendors, etc. Prepared during the implementation phase -Advantage: all vendors get the same info and requirements -Disadvantage: time involved in writing and evaluating proposals

narrowband

voice-grade transmission channel capable of transmitting a max of 56,000 bps

Feasibility

Measure of how beneficial or practical an information system will be Five major dimensions: 1. Economic 2. Technical 3. Operational 4. Scheduling 5. Legal

Structured

well-defined operating tasks programmable tasks can be automated

Natural Language Processing

-Interfacing: accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, generating the necessary output -Knowledge acquisition: using the computer to read large amount of text and understand the info well enough to: summarize points and store info so the system can respond to inquiries abt the content

Roles in DSS

-Managerial designer: defines management issues in designing and using a DSS -Technical designer: focuses on how the DSS is implemented -Model builder: liaison btw users and designers

Group Support Systems

-computer and communication technologies to formulate, process, and implement a decision making task -helps overcome limitations of group interactions -reduce communication barriers -introduce order and efficiency into situations that are unsystematic and inefficient

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

-consists of related technologies that try to simulate human thought and behavior -included thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning -knowledge engineers try to discover "rules of thumb": enable computers to perform tasks usually handled by humans -capabilities of these have improved an attempt to close the gap btw artificial intelligence and human intelligence

Factors that can lead to a failed EIS

-culture isn't ready -resistance to the project -viewed as unimportant -loss of interest -objectives unclear -doesn't meet objectives -unjustified costs -too much time for development -system too complicated

Advantages of Expert Systems

-never become distracted, forgetful or tired -duplicate and preserve the expertise of scarce experts -preserve the expertise of employees who are retiring or leaving -create consistency in decision making -improve the decision-making skills of nonexperts

Expert systems

-one of the most successful AI-related technologies -mimic human expertise in a field to solve a problem in a well-defined area -consist of programs that mimic human thought behavior: in specific area that human experts have solved successfully -work with heuristic data

Robotics

-one of the most successful applications of AI -perform well at simple, repetitive tasks -currently used mainly on assembly lines in Japan and the US -some robots have limited vision

Case-Based Reasoning

-problem-solving technique -matches a new case with a previously solved case and its solution stored in a database -if no exact match: system can query the user for clarification or more info -if no match is found: human expert must solve problem

Requirements

Phase 2: analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it First step: gathering requirements Team determines: what the new system should do, what data is needed for this process to happen

Design

Phase 3: analysts choose the most realistic solution with highest payoff Output of this phase: document with exact specifications for implementing system

Maintenance

Phase 5: Info system is operating, enhancements and mods have been developed and tested, hardware and software components have been added or replaced, team collects performance data and info to see if its meeting objectives

What is Adobe InDesign? Adobe InDesign is a ________________application produced by Adobe Systems

publishing desktop

Bots in e-commerce

software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes web marketing: collect info abt customers preferences virtual catalogs: display product descriptions based on customers previous preferences

the client

software on the local computer and communicates with the remote server to request info or services