Management 3720 Organizational Behavior

Model

An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real world phenomenon.

Positive Organizational Scholarship

An area of OB research that concerns how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential.

Reflected best-self

Asking employees to think about when they were at their "personal best" in order to understand how to exploit their strengths.

Traditional management

Decision making, planning and controlling. 32% of time spent

Effective Manager

Defined in terms of quantity and quality of their performance and the satisfaction and commitment of employees. Communication made the largest contribution and networking the least

Successful Manager

Defined in terms of speed of promotion, within their organization. Networking makes the largest relative contribution to success and human resources makes the least relative contribution

Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Discretionary behavior that's not part of an employee's formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

Interpersonal Roles

Duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature

Liaison

Maintains a network of outside contacts who provide favors and information

Resource allocator

Makes or approves significant organizational descisions

Human Resource Management

Motivating, diciplining, managing conflict, staffing and training. 20% time spent

Four Management Functions

Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. (Leading used to be commanding, coordinating)

Disturbance handler

Responsible for corrective action when organization faces important, unexpected disturbances

Negotiator

Responsible for representing the organization at major negotiations

Leader

Responsible for the motivation and direction of employees

Monitor

Revieves a wide variety of information; serves as a nerve center of internal and external information of the organization

Entrepreneur

Searches organization and its enviornment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change.

Psychology

Seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Contingency Variables

Situational factors: variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables

Ethical dilemmas and ethical choices

Situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct

Networking

Socializing, politicking, and interacting with outsiders. 19% time spent.

Independent Variable

The presumed cause of some change in a dependent variable

Efficiency

The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it.

Sociology

The study of people in relation to their social enviornment or culture.

Anthropology

The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

Mintzberg's Managerial Roles

1. Interpersonal (Figurehead, Leader, Liaison) 2. Informational (Monitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson) 3. Decisional (Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator, Negotiator)

Informational Roles

collect information from outside organizations and institutions, typically scanning the news media (including internet) and talking with other people to learn of changes in the public tastes, what competitors may be planning.

Systematic study

looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence

Decisional Roles

roles that require making choices

Evidence-based Management

the basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence

Individual Managers

time and effort spent on management styles varies

Deviant Workplace Behavior

voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms which threatens the well being of the organization or its members.

Conceptual Skills

The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

Increased Foreign Assignments

If you're a manager you're increasingly likely to find yourself in a foreign assignment - transferred to your employer's operating division or subsidary in another country.

Organizational Behavior

A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness

Intuition

A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research

Productivity

A performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency

Job Satisfaction

A positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics

Dependent Variable

A response that is affected by an independent variable

Effectiveness

Achievement of goals

Working with people from different cultures

Even in your own country, you'll find yourself working with bosses, peers, and other employees born and raised in different cultures

Communication

Exchinging routine information and processing paper work. 29% of time spent

Planning

Function that encompasses defining an organization's goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities. Evidence indicates this function increases the most as managers move from low-level to mid-level management

Organizing

Function that encompasses determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where descisionsare to be made.

Controlling

Function that encompasses monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and corrected and significant deviations.

Leading

Function that encompasses motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels and resolving conflicts

Social Psychology

Generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another. one major study area is change - how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.

Managers

Get things done through other people. They make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals

Figurehead

Symbolic head, required to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature

Technical Skills

The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise

Human Skills

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups

Workforce Diversity

The concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups

Absenteeism

The failure to report to work

Disseminator

Transmits information recieved from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization

Spokesperson

Transmits information to outsiders on organization's plans, polocies, actions and results; serves as expert on organization's industry

Turnover

Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.

Organization

a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functionson a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.