Management 3810 Exam 2
As a successful and popular politician, Howard is high in self-monitoring. Which one of the following would we expect from Howard?
howard adjusts his message to his audience, telling them what he thinks they want to hear
Getting the right number of people in the right place at the right time is the mission of which of the following?
human resource management
After hearing a friend say "Why doesn't someone come with a better way to ...?" William began thinking of ways to meet his friend's need. William is in the ___________ stage of innovation.
incubation
Zoe must make a comparison between the members of her team. This is not a task she enjoys, but she understands why it has to be done. She has listed all of her employees in order from highest to lowest performance levels. This took a great deal of time, but Zoe made sure that there were no ties between employees and that everyone was in the correct order. This is which approach for comparing employees?
individual ranking When managers compare their employees by developing a list of employees from highest productivity to lowest productivity, they are using an individual ranking approach.
Extraversion
describes individual's orientation toward the external world
"White-water rapids" metaphor
-small raft navigating a raging river white water rapids -environmental uncertainty -totally unfamiliar with the river -unsure of destination -change is the status quo - managing change is a continual process -leading a company in change, in an industry in change
Internal factors: organizational change
-strategy: new equipment, job redesign -composition of workforce: age, education, gender, nationality employee attitudes: -dissatisfaction -absenteeism -strikes
Kurt Lewin's model in dealing with change involves __________.
-unfreezing, moving, and refreezing Successful change requires unfreezing the status quo, changing to a new state, and freezing the new change to make it permanent.
HRM Activities:
1. Employment Planning -Adding staff through recruitment -Reducing staff through downsizing or selection process 2. Help employees adapt to the organization -Orientation and training 3. Identify performance goals -Performance appraisal -Compensation -Benefits
HRM Process:
1. Employment planning -right people, right place, right time 2. Recruitment and downsizing 3. Selection
Unity of Command
A structure in which each employee reports to only ONE manager.
Organic: models of organizational structure
-Collaboration -Adaptable duties -few rules -informal communication -decentralized decision authority -flatter structures
"Calm waters" metaphor
-Large ship crossing a calm sea -change appears as occasional storm -otherwise calm and predictable trip
Job Analysis
-Lengthy process -Helps determine kinds of skills/knowledge needed to successfully/safely complete job
Elements of Organizational Structure
-Work specialization -Departmentalization -Authority and responsibility -Span of Control -Centralization vs. decentralization -Formalization
Team structure
-entire organization is made up of work groups or teams -advantage: employees are more involved, reduced barriers among functional areas -disadvantage: no clear chain of command
Year after year, Hal has rated Bob and Jim's performance at a higher level than Sue and Tina. But by all accounts, Bob, Jim, Sue, and Tina have all made about the same number of sales and brought in the same amount of revenue each year. Some people say the ratings reflect Hal's thoughts about men being in his sales department. This would reflect which perceptual shortcut?
"Like me" effect Hal is assuming that people like him will do great in sales. This assumption is leading to an assumed similarity.
Mechanistic: models of organizational design
(Strategy, Size, Technology, Environment type) -Rigid hierarchical relationships -Fixed duties -Many rules -Formalized communication channels -Centralized decision authority -Taller structures
Matrix-project structure
*violates key assumption of organizational design (reporting to only one person) and is a conflict of interest assigns specialists from diff. functional areas to work on projects but who return to their areas when project is completed. Project is a structure where employees continuously work on projects *advantage: fluid and flexible design, can respond to environmental changes. -faster decision making *Disadvantages: -complexity of assigning people to projects
Change agent
-people who assume responsibility for managing the change process -organizational changes need a catalyst
Brian feels very passionate about the new plan for the operations department. This is the first exciting thing that Brian has seen happen in his department. This represents which component of Brian's attitude?
Affective the affective component of attitudes is the emotional or feeling part
Under the _________________, Houston requested that his computer have speech recognition software installed because his rheumatoid arthritis had made typing very slow and difficult.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Functional structure
An organizational design that groups similar or related occupational specialties
Divisional structure
An organizational structure made up of separate business units or divisions
How do Authority and Power differ?
Authority: A right whose legitimacy is based on an authority figure's position in the organization; it goes with the job Power: An individual's ability to influence decisions
Which one of the following is most likely to support a learning organization?
Benton College, where faculty are encouraged to work together in teams, to experiment with teaching methods, and to share experiences with colleagues.
Because employee referrals are pre-screened, the HR professional ___________.
Can expect candidates to be well-qualified Because the recommenders know both the job and the person being recommended, they tend to refer well-qualified applicants.
The country whose human resource management laws are most like those of the United States is ___________.
Canada
Centralization
Decision making takes place at upper levels of the organization
Paul has decided on Bob for the new management position. Lori feels like she was looked over again and that Bob received the promotion because he is a man. If this were truly the case, it may in fact be a(n) _________ issue.
EEO. EEO strives to ensure that anyone has an equal opportunity based on his or her qualifications.
Formalization
How standardized an organization's jobs are & extent that employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures
Span of Control
Most effective and efficient span depends on: -employee experience and training (more they have, larger span) -similarity of employee tasks (more similarity, larger span) -complexity of those tasks (more complex, smaller span)
As a way to communicate innovations and new ideas with all employees inside McDoogles Game and Play, Jim McDoogle uses a tool called the McDoogle Black Box to facilitate sharing this information. McDoogles is what kind of organization?
Learning
Decentralization
Lower-level managers provide input or actually make decisions
Jayco builds travel trailers. It buys the chassis from one vendor, the furnaces from another, the windows and doors from a third, flooring from a fourth, and many other components from a variety of vendors. Jayco is using a(n) ____________ structure.
Network A network organization is one that uses its own employees to do some work activities and networks of outside suppliers to provide other needed product components. OK
Michael is constantly pitching in and helping out when someone on the team needs help, even if it means staying late. Michael's behavior can best be described as which of the following?
OCB OCBs are discretionary behaviors that are not a part of someone's job. May include helping others, volunteering on the job, and avoiding unnecessary conflicts
Dillon is a company that is trying to grow from a culture focused on sales to a culture that is focused on customer relations. This represents which of the following OB focus areas?
Organizational
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender
Human Resource Management
Right PEOPLE, Right PLACE, Right TIME
Strategy Size Technology Environment
Strategy: certain structural designs work best with diff. organizational strategies Size: -Organic: less than 2,000 employees can be organic. -Mechanistic: More than 2,000 employees forces organizations to become more mechanistic Technology: Environment: -Stable environment: mechanistic structure -Dynamic environment: organic structure
Desmond works for a technology firm in Virginia from his home in South Carolina. He is able to stay connected through Skype, Messenger, and the organization's intranet. Desmond's work arrangement is most like which of the following?
Telecommuting
Alexandria never turns off her work cell phone, believing she must be available 24/7/365. She answers emails and texts while on vacationlong dash—on those rare occasions when she actually takes a vacation. She is driven to succeed, always with her eye on the next promotion. Alexandria is the typical _________ personality.
Type A
which country has the highest stress level on average?
United Kingdom
Power can be described as _____________________
an individual's capacity to influence decisions
"I will not apply for the open position in Ms. Jones department. I hear she can be a hard taskmaster." This statement represents the ____________ component of attitude.
behavioral The behavioral component of an attitude refers to the intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.
Bismarck is an employee of Leoni whose additional responsibilities include bringing the interests of all the employees to the attention of the directors. In this capacity, he serves as a _____________.
board representative Board representatives are employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees.
The registrar's office has a reputation for requiring lots of documentation, long lines, and rigid departmentalization. This would be an example of which of the following structures?
bureaucratic
Mark's palms get sweaty and his stomach churns each time he is paged to the boss' office, which, thankfully, does not happen that often. This reaction is a good example of _______________.
classical conditioning In classical conditioning, something happens and we react in a specific way.
A performance management system requires __________________.
comparing desired employee performance with actual performance
At Research and Testing, Inc., the management believes it is treating employees respectfully, paying a fair wage, and offering benefits that are important to them. But productivity is not as high as management would like and both turnover and absenteeism are running higher than expected. To help solve the problem, Research and Testing, Inc. should ____________.
conduct an employee attitude survey
According to the MBTI Type Indicator, a person high on the Thinking dimension would prefer to ______________.
deal with facts and logic
Linda has come into work late again. Her supervisor Dawn is getting tired of this behavior and needs to address this. Because Linda has made being late to everything a habit, Dawn is sure this is caused by nothing but Linda's poor attitude. Which factor of attribution theory is Dawn relying on to make this assessment?
distinctiveness
which of the following is considered a traditional organization structure?
divisional
Organization development
efforts that assist organizational members with a planned change by focusing on their attitudes and values
To save money on retirement benefits, companies have ____________.
eliminated the guaranteed-income pension plan Pension commitments have become so enormous a burden that companies can no longer afford them.
Because of recent increases in the popularity of its products, employees at ABC Corp. have been working longer hours and many Saturdays. Despite the larger paychecks, employees are becoming testy and less cooperative. This is typical of a change in __________ that might prompt organizational change.
employee attitudes
Berle has decided he will retire in six months. Lately he has been doing only what is necessary to keep his job. He spends more time socializing at work and less time actively working. He displays an "oh, well, whatever" smile when his mistakes are brought to his attention. Berle is lacking _____________.
employee engagement
The first phase of the HRM process involves which of the following?
employment planning
Downsizing has affected performance evaluations by ________________.
expanding the span of control Supervisors have more employees to manage and less time to observe any particular employee, making evaluations more difficult.
On her first day of employment, Helena's manager introduced her to all the other employees in her area, reviewed the company's products, customers and history, showed her around the building, and took her to her workplace. He gave a copy of the company mission and vision statements and explained how her duties helped the firm meet its objectives. All this was done to fulfill the important goal of orientation, to _____________.
familiarize her with her job, the company, and her work unit
Herman, a full time employee, is allowed to begin his day as early as 6 a.m. or as late as 10 a.m. He can leave as early as 2:30 p.m. or work as late as 6:30 p.m., so long as he works a full 40 hours each week. Herman's employer is using a work arrangement known as __________.
flextime. Flextime is a scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits.
In her therapies practice, Carla has 10 speech pathologists, 12 occupational therapists, and 15 physical therapists in addition to accounting and maintenance personnel. What kind of structure would be suitable for this practice?
functional
The performance appraisal form Gary is using lists several essential duties of the position and instructs him to assign a number between 1 and 5 for each duty, according to the level of the employee's performance. Gary is using a ____________.
graphic rating scale This popular method lists a set of performance factors and uses an incremental scale.
A major function of the human resource department is to ___________.
have the right people in the right place in the organization at the right time
PowerPlay is a worldwide game creator with branches in Europe, Asia, North America, and South America. It also operates retail outlets for its games. Although store employees can make small decisions regarding customer satisfaction, all major decisions are made by the senior management team. We could say with confidence that PowerPlay is ____________.
highly centralized
The members of the production department at JKL Company think the engineers are a bunch of clowns; the engineers are convinced none of the production workers can read a blueprint. JKL could benefit from the organizational development technique called ___________.
intergroup development -intergroup development attempts to change attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that one group may have toward another group
Chris met Ross for an informational interview about a job that Ross has now listed as open. At the meeting, Ross gave Chris a document that describes exactly what the new employee would do, how they should do it, and why it's done that way. This document is typically called a __________.
job description
In a learning organization, we would expect to find __________.
knowledge management Learning organizations continually acquire and share new knowledge and use that knowledge to make decisions and perform work.
After a turbulent year at Virginia Technology when customer demand came to a critical standstill and one whole division was let go, Brandon is not feeling very secure in his job. On a daily basis he is experiencing high anxiety guilt. This is best described as which of the following?
lay-off survivor sickness
Once upon a time BMI was a very large company with many departments, supervisors who managed only a handful of employees, and a senior management team that made most of the decisions. Lower level employees had zero latitude when dealing with customers. In this situation we could also expect to find ______________.
lots of rules and regulations governing the actions of employees
"Hey, we got trouble right here in River City and that starts with T and that rhymes with P and that stands for Pool." In the movie The Music Man, Harold Hill used this argument to persuade the townspeople to buy musical instruments and uniforms for the town's youth. His method was ___________.
manipulation and co-optation
External factors: organizational change
marketplace - intense competition -government laws and regulations - affordable care act -technology -labor markets - surplus/shortage economic changes - downturn
In much the same way we can train dogs and children with treats for good behavior, managers can use __________ to help shape the behavior of employees.
operant conditioning
Robert discovered that when he objected to new tasks, those tasks were assigned to other workers. So now whenever he doesn't want to do something, he objects in the same manner. This is an example of _____________.
operant conditioning
Skidmore Brakes, a manufacturer of brake pads for cars, faces an environment with many competitors, frequent changes in the consumer protection requirements, and a great deal of uncertainty about the future. In this situation, we would expect Skidmore to prefer a(n) __________ structure.
organic
Sam's Pizza is a local restaurant that everyone wants to work at. Sam gives all shift managers the power to make their own rules, meet the customer requests in their own way, and adapt the menu to the changing of seasons. This would be an example of which of the following structures?
organic
Danielle believes her boss is an ogre. He threatens her with termination if she does not perform well and places unrealistic demands on her, often giving her too little time to complete tasks. She lives in fear of his angry outbursts. The tension in the office is thick enough to cut with a knife. Danielle's stress stems from _________.
organizational leadership
Getting work done efficiently and effectively is considered the goal of __________.
organizing
Ron was super excited about starting his new job. On his first day, Ron participated in a meeting where he learned about the organization and his new team. This meeting is called a(n) __________.
orientation
Stan is vice president of global operations with direct reports in China, Morocco, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Thailand, the United States, and India. Stan uses his smartphone and Wi-Fi to log in to the corporate intranet to retrieve information and interact with his subordinates. His employer's biggest concern is _____________.
security. companies must protect sensitive and important info
Ted started his auto repair service business in a rented garage with one service bay. As his business grew, he moved into larger facilities and hired additional service techs. Ted still makes all the decisions about the business and supervises all the techs. We would expect Ted to use a ____________ structure.
simple
"What would you do if you were required to discipline a worker with whom you are close friends?" asked Denver of the candidate. Denver is using a(n) ______________ interview.
situational
The best _________ for a particular situation can be determined by the experience of the employees, the strength of corporate values, and the complexity of tasks, among other factors.
span of control
when deciding on an organization structure, managers should consider ______________
strategy, size, technology, and environment
When deciding on an organization structure, managers should remember that ______________
structure should facilitate goal achievement
Which of the following is considered a contemporary organizational design?
team
Amazon is one of the first large online retailers who was able to capitalize in a change in ___________.
technology
Belinda, a supervisor of machine operators, reviewed production records at the end of the week, noting that Harvey's numbers were lower than the other operators. Her conclusion is that Harvey is choosing not to work as fast as the others. Belinda may have fallen victim to ___________.
the fundamental attribution error We have a tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.
__________ is learning experiences that seek a relatively permanent change in employees by improving their ability to do their jobs.
training
Danylle has heard the new vision for her team, and has a basic understanding that things can't stay the way they are, but she is still not excited about the change. The best way to describe Danylle's resistance to change is which of the following?
uncertainty
To prepare for the launch of its new product, Kontek drew employees from many functions for its launch team. For most of the day, these employees performed their regular functions and reported to their assigned supervisor. But during the part of the day when they worked on the product launch team, they reported to the team leader. This practice violates the concept of __________.
unity of command
Aaron operates an event planning company whose services include weddings, parties, conventions, and class reunions. He has only one other full-time employee. Depending on the event, Aaron will engage the services of caterers, florists, game equipment renters, and suppliers of tables, tents, and table service. Aaron is using a(n) ____________ structure.
virtual A virtual organization consists of a small core of full-time employees and outside specialists temporarily hired as needed to work on projects.
At the local ice cream parlor, every employee had his or her own specialty. Ron made all the banana splits, Ross made the ice cream cakes, Maddi made the ice cream cookies, and Reese took care of all the chocolate dips. This is an example of which of the following?
work specialization
Which of the following benefits is legally required to be paid by the organization?
workers' comp. Social security, workers' compensation, and unemployment compensation is legally required to be paid by the employees' organization.
Joan was passed over for a promotion, which left her bitter and angry. Lately she has been making promises she does not keep, missing deadlines, and agreeing to serve on a team then failing to do the work assigned to her. Organizational behaviorists would call her actions _____________.
workplace misbehavior workplace misbehavior is any intentional employee behavior that is potentially harmful to the organization or individuals within the organization
Managers should be interested in perception because _____________.
employees, using their own personal filters, form their idea of reality by the way they interpret events then decide how to respond based on those perceptions
