Management and Organizational Behavior Exam 2 - Chapter 2

Which of the following best defines​ evidence-based management?

Using the best available information to improve management practice

The 3Vs of big data are​ volume, velocity, and​ ________.

Variety

________ is a choice among two or more alternatives.

a decision

A repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach is known as ________.

a programmed decision

An explicit statement that tells managers what can or cannot be done is known as ________.

a rule

An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence it may have been wrong is known as ________.

an escalation of commitment

When managers stick to their original sources of information while formulating a decision and ignore information that becomes available to them​ later, this is referred to as the​ ________.

anchoring effect

What's important or relevant to resolving a problem is known as ________.

decision criteria

What is the LEAST likely reason that making decisions in​ today's business environment is​ difficult?

decisions are rarely risky

Approaching management problems as designers approach design problems is known as ________.

design thinking

The final step in the decision-making process is ________.

evaluating decision effectiveness

When decision makers falsely believe they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event once the outcome is already known they are exhibiting the​ ________ bias.

hindsight

minimax

opportunist

maximax

optimist

When someone holds unrealistically positive views of themselves and their performance, they're exhibiting the ________.

overconfidence bias

maximim

pessimist

Decisions managers may make in the ________ function include determining the organization's long-term objectives.

planning

A guideline for making decisions is known as ________.

policy

All of the following are guidelines to help you be a better decision maker EXCEPT​ ________.

relying on an intuitive​ decision-making process understanding cultural differences knowing when​ it's time to quit creating standards for good decision making using an effective​ decision-making process

Bob does not think he can complete the current project​ he's working on with the resources he has available. The product may also become obsolete by the time it is released due to scheduling delays.​ However, he presses forward because his department has already spent​ $100,000 and 6 months working on the project. This is an example of the​ ________.

sunk costs error

________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available.

uncertainty

A series of sequential steps used to respond to a well-structured problem is known as ________.

A procedure

When making a​ decision, managers who use design thinking look at problem identification collaboratively and integratively. Which of the following do they also​ consider?

Both the rational and emotional aspects

________ is decision making that's rational, but limited by an individual's ability to process information.

Bounded Rationality

A clerk at a department store cannot issue a refund for a customer unless the customer produces a store receipt. The customer informs the clerk that he never received a receipt in the first place. The clerk escalates the issue to a manager for resolution. The​ manager's resolution is an example of a​ ________. _________ is unique and nonrecurring and involves custom-made solutions.

Nonprogrammed Decision

Structured problems are​ ________.

Straight-forward, familiar, easily defined

Which of the following statements about effective decision making is​ true?

Good decision making is a learned skill

________ is/are rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making.

Heuristics

Decisions managers may make in the organizing function include determining ________.

How jobs should be designed

You have decided​ it's time for a new car and make a list of what you want in a new​ car, such as fuel​ efficiency, seating​ capacity, and cargo area. Which step of the​ decision-making process are you​ in?

Identifying Decision Criteria

Which of the following tasks must be completed first as you begin the​ decision-making process?

Identifying the Problem

During the "implement the alternative" step, decision makers must ________.

Put the decision into action

A manager who is fully​ informed, completely​ logical, and makes choices that are intended to maximize value is utilizing​ ________.

Rational Decision Making

You​ aren't looking for the​ "sharpest needle in the​ haystack"; you only want one that is sharp enough to sew with. This is an example of​ ________. ________ means accepting solutions that are "good enough."

Satisficing

When Nikki passes the first management quiz with flying​ colors, she credits her dedication and intellect. When she fails the first​ test, she blames it on a poorly worded test. This is an example of the​ ________ bias.

Self-serving bias

Which of the following describes confirmation bias?

When people seek out information that reaffirms their past choices and discount information that contradicts past judgments