Management & Production Test 2 Review

when a manager is evaluated by his or her superiors, peers, and subordinates, this is known as a. employment at will b. 360 degree feedback c. recency error d. halo error e. all of these

b. 360 degree feedback

assuming economic goals, which of the following activities are essential to the role of an entrepreneur? a. assuming the risks of a business venture b. active involvement in operating a business venture c. planning and organizing resources d. all of the above

d. all of the above

organizational rewards can affect which of the following? a. attitudes b. behaviors c. motivation d. all of these e. none of these

d. all of these

the definition of "small business" requires that the business's sales and assets a. be less than $100,000 b. place it in the lower half of its industry c. create profit for just one owner d. be too small to influence the external environment e. none of the above

d. be too small to influence the external enviornment

___ is defined as clear and distinct lines of authority among all positions in an organization a. span of control b. job rotation c. job enrichment d. chain of command e. centralization

d. chain of command

which of the following characteristics of the U-form design? a. low requirements for coordination across departments b. least effective for small organizations c. responsibility for coordination and integration delegated to lower levels of management d. departmentalization based on the kind of work being done e. characterized by product teams

d. departmentalization based on the kind of work being done

windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive anytime between 7 am and 9 am, and leave any time between 4 and 6 pm, as long as they work for eight consecutive hours. this arrangement is known as ____. a. empowerment b. participation c. a nine-eighty schedule d. flextime e. avoidance

d. flextime

which of the following alternatives to specialization would require continually adding new tests and employee control as part of the job design? a. job enlargement b. horizontal job loading c. job rotation d. job enrichment e. job specalization

d. job enrichment

cheri and aaron both wanted to work part-time and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that cheri works mornings and aaron works afternoons. this arrangement is known as: a. flextime b. participation c. OB Mod d. job sharing e. reinforcement

d. job sharing

in expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress, and resentment are all ___. a. factors b. motivations c. reinforcements d. outcomes e. valences

d. outcomes

information that flows from R&D design manufacturing sales is ____ interdependence a. pooled b. total c. reciprocal d. sequential e. content

d. sequential

all of the following are exempt from the overtime provision of the Fail Labor Standards Act except a. salaried professional employees b. executives c. administrative employees d. union workers of an automobile assembly line e. all of these

d. union workers of an automobile assembly line

the technology that is most associated with products made to the customer's specification is a. large batch b. continuous process c. standardized d. unit or small-batch e. mass production

d. unit or small-batch

if you want to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with minimum fluctuations in the level of the behavior, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful? a. fixed-interval b. fixed-ratio c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio e. continuous

d. variable-ratio

Tesla, an electric car maker, initially had financing with a small group of investors seeking to make profits through rapid growth. Tesla's source of financing was a. personal resources b. lending c. a strategic alliance d. venture capital e. a small business investment company (SBIC)

d. venture capital

the major difference between wages and salary is a. salaries are higher than wages b. salaries include benefits while wages do not c. low-level employees earn salaries while managers receive wages d. wages are based on hours worked while salary is based on contribution to the firm e. none of these

d. wages are based on hours worked while salary is based on contribution to the firm

the age discrimination in employment act forbids discrimination against workers above which of the following ages? a. 40 b. 45 c. 50 d. 55 e. none of these

a. 40

a wide span of management results in a. a flat organization b. many levels of management c. a narrow organization d. a tall organization e. high specialization

a. a flat organization

which of the following is the first step in human resource planning? a. assessing external and internal trends b. predicting demand c. forecasting supply d. comparing future demand and internal supply e. planning a response to predicted shortfalls or overstaffing

a. assessing external and internal trends

in theory, delegation from manager to subordinate consists of three steps which are a. assigning responsibility, granting authority, and creating accountability b. assigning responsibility, creating a position and creating accountability c. creating a position, overcoming resistance, and promoting acceptance d. creating accountability, assigning responsibility, and requiring performance

a. assigning responsibility, granting authority, and creating accountability

gary retired. he misses his friends from work. retirement is not fulfilling which level of need in Maslow's hierarchy? a. belongingness b. esteem c. security d. physiological e. self-actualization

a. belongingness

executives who retire and then work as consultants are part of the ___ workforce a. contingent b. emergent c. task-oriented d. job-specific e. union

a. contingent

the idea that manufacturing costs per unit decrease as the number of units produced increases is known as a. economies of scale b. venture capitalism c. a franchising agreement d. first-mover advantage e. none of these

a. economies of scale

___ is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways. a. motivation b. management c. perception d. personality e. compensation

a. motivation

which of the following is a true statement? a. small businesses are as likely to innovate as large businesses b. large businesses have been responsible for virtually every major product innovation c. small businesses generally don't have the resources to develop major innovations d. only small businesses are responsible for major innovations

a. small businesses are as likely to innovate as large businesses

the starting point for all job design activities is determining the level of desired job a. specialization b. rotation c. enlargement d. enrichment e. characteristics approach

a. specialization

tyler told emily to improve public opinion. the goal that emily was given lacks goal a. specificity b. acceptance c. conformity d. congruity e. difficulty

a. specificity

which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for new business failure described in your text? a. sufficient capital b. incompetence c. neglect d. weak control systems e. inexperience

a. sufficient capital

according to the text, performance is basically determined by: a. intelligence, environmental influences, and ability. b. ability, motivation & the work environment c. motivation, experience, and subordinates d. inner drives, psychological needs, and motivation e. motivation, intelligence, and abillity

b. ability, motivation and the work enviornment

an organization where power and control are kept at the top levels of management is a. specialized b. centralized c. decentralized d. departmentalized e. none of these

b. centralized

leo showed up late for a meeting. his boss ignored it. she was using a. avoidance b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. punishment e. distortion

b. extinction

once a quarter helene tells her employees how they are doing. what schedule of reinforcement is she using? a. continuous b. fixed-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio e. variable-interval

b. fixed-interval

hundreds of small businesses are under contract to make parts for honda. this is an example of which of the following roles of small businesses? a. innovation b. importance to large businesses c. job creation d. all of these e. none of these

b. importance to large businesses

the process of determining the relative value of jobs within the organization is known as a. job analysis b. job evaluation c. the wage-level decision d. the individual page decision e. performance evaluation

b. job evaluation

Bill's new venture is having trouble with employee benefits, and bill has hired a HR expert to give advice. the type of advice bill is seeking is called a. an advisory board b. management consulting c. the small business administration (SBA) d. networking e. none of these

b. management consulting

when kellogg's makes cereal and cereal bars, it uses ___ technology a. job rotation b. mass-production/large-batch c. unit or small-batch d. continuous-process

b. mass-production/large-batch

gymnastic athletes train for each event. during competition they compete on each of them in all-around. they use job a. specialization b. rotation c. enlargement d. enrichment e. delegation

b. rotation

a written summary of the business strategy and its implementation plan is known as a. a niche summary b. a first-mover advantage c. a business plan d. economies of scale e. a franchise agreement

c. a business plan

an airline that refuses to hire men as flight attendants is an example of a. an indirect form of discrimination b. affirmative action c. a direct form of discrimination d. equal employment opportunity e. employment at will

c. a direct form of discrimination

which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory? a. modified workweek b. work redesign c. behavior modification d. attribution theory e. two-factor theory

c. behavior modification

which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated? a. reinforcement b. process c. content d. equity e. expectancy

c. content

a ___ organization is one in which decision making is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible a. delegated b. coordinated c. decentralized d. departmentalization e. specialized

c. decentralized

the aspects of a business that the firm performs at a higher level than its competitors are known as the firm's a. niches b. capital-intensiveness c. distinctive competencies d. strategic weakness e. first-mover advantage

c. distinctive competencies

Italia works as an entry-level consultant at a management consulting firm. partners in the firm make about 10 times more salary than do entry-level consultants. which principle of rewards systems is her employer violating? a. meet the needs of individuals for basic necessities b. pay rewards comparable to other organizations' rewards c. distribute rewards family throughout the organization d. recognize that different people need different rewards e. all of these

c. distribute rewards fairly throughout the organization

which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly? a. expectancy b. reinforcement c. equity d. hierarchy of needs e. two-factor

c. equity

what is the most important idea for managers to remember from equity theory? a. over-rewarded employees perform best b. under-rewarded employees perform best c. for rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair d. employees must consider their inputs equal to the inputs of their "comparison other" e. employees must consider their outcomes equal to the outcomes of their "comparison other"

c. for rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair

the most significant disadvantage of franchising as a means of acquiring a business is a. the amount of paperwork b. the absence of economics of scale c. high start up costs d. government regulation e. low break even points

c. high start-up costs

nike asked questions about the company's retirement plan during her job interview. she is discussing a. benefits b. salary c. indirect compensation d. wage e. pay

c. indirect compensation

the term "span of management" refers to the a. extent to which authority is delegated at the individual level b. extent to which authority is systematically delegated to middle and lower levels of management c. number of subordinates reporting to a particular manager d. process of grouping jobs according to some logical pattern

c. number of subordinates reporting to a particular manager

according to the motivation framework presented in your text, after a worker notices an unfulfilled need, the next step is a. choosing a behavior that satisfies the need b. determining future needs c. searching for ways to satisfy the need d. evaluating need satisfaction e. none of these

c. searching for ways to satisfy the need

alberto complimented daniel on his weekly project update two weeks in a row. then he waited a month to compliment him again. what reinforcement schedule is he using? a. fixed-interval b. fixed-ratio c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio e. none of these

c. variable-interval

the key individual strategy for managing diversity is a. understanding the meaning of diversity b. developing empathy in the understanding of others c. developing a tolerance for cultural differences d. having a willingness to communicate and discuss diversity issues e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following questions is important for entrepreneurs who are starting a business from scratch? a. who are my customers? b. who are my competitors? c. what quantity will my customers pay? d. what prices will my customers pay? e. all of the above

e. all of the above

which of the following is a good reason to evaluate the performance of employees on a regular basis? a. to validate selection instruments b. to assess the impact of training programs c. to assist decision about pay raises d. to provide feedback to employees e. all of these

e. all of these

all of the following are bases for departmentalization EXCEPT a. functional b. product c. location d. customer e. competiton

e. competition

those activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce are called a. recruiting b. selection c. employee relations d. labor relations e. human resource management

e. human resource management

service businesses are the fastest growing segment of small business enterprises primarily because of a. low labor requirements b. lack of owner commitment c. favorable tax treatment d. high market demand e. low resource requirement

e. low resource requirement

to stay current in their profession, accountants have to take a minimum number of continuing education courses annually. accountants in the firm of Dunkirk and Wood who take additional classes are rewarded through a ____ plan. a. fixed-rate pay b. profit sharing c. gain sharing d. profit-for-work e. merit pay

e. merit pay

what percentage of business in the US are classified as small businesses? a. less than 10 percent b. about 25 percent c. about 50 percent d. about 75 percent e. more than 90 percent

e. more than 90 percent

internet hits, total sales, and budget accuracy are all examples of a. training methods b. predictive validation methods c. content validation methods d. judgemental performance appraisal criteria e. objective performance appraisal criteria

e. objective performance appraisal criteria

which of the following motivational strategies is used to provide more autonomy and self-direction to workers? a. empowerment b. participation c. OB Mod d. all of these e. only empowerment and participation

e. only empowerment and participation

according to burns and stalker, an ___ organization is typically found in ___ and ___ environments a. mechanistic; unstable; unpredictable b. organic; stable; predictable c. mechanistic; stable; unpredictable d. mechanistic; unstable; predictable e. organic; unstable; unpredictable

e. organic, unstable, unpredictable

which of the following is not generally considered to be a role performed by small businesses? a. creation of new jobs b. development of new products c. supply of materials for large business d. distribution of products made by large businesses e. provision of capital for expansion of large businesses

e. provision of capital for expansion of large businesses

george needs to know how long jenifer has been in her position and when she is likely to get promoted. he should look at the a. demand forecast b. job analysis c. supply forecast d. job evaluation e. replacement chart

e. replacement chart

a job application blank should NOT contain questions about a. gender b. religion c. national origin d. ethnicity e. the application should NOT contain questions about any of these

e. the application should NOT contain questions about any of these