Management Chapter 5
By 2030, what percent of the population will be 65 years old or older?
20%
What is the percentage of U.S. residents who belong to a racial or ethnic minority group?
33%
he Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against workers over the age of ______.
40
Which of the following statements describes an effective sexual harassment policy?
A company's sexual harassment policy should include examples of the types of conduct that are unacceptable.
______ is the systematic tendency to use information about others in ways that result in inaccurate perception
Bias
Which of the following represents a procedure to investigate charges of sexual harassment? (Choose all that apply.)
Protect and treat victims fairly Use a neutral third party
True or false: Employees learn how to behave toward minority group members by observing higher status managers' behavior toward minority group members.
True
True or false: If members of certain groups are underrepresented in certain jobs, then managers need to understand why this has occurred.
True
True or false: Research has demonstrated that higher proportions of women in top management can result in significantly better financial performance.
True
A sexual harassment policy should contain: (Choose all that apply.)
a method to ensure disciplinary action. a commitment to educate members. examples of unacceptable behavior. a procedure for employees to report occurrences.
When members who contribute more to organizational outcomes receive higher compensation, the principle of ______________________ justice is upheld.
distributive
When pay raises and promotions are based on individual contributions such as effort, education, and skill rather than on gender, race, age, or other irrelevant characteristics, managers are following the moral principle of ______.
distributive justice
The principle of ______ justice requires that individuals should receive outcomes such as pay and promotion in relation to the effort and skill they applied to the job; and the principle of ______ justice requires that managers should ensure that organizational processes, such as those involved in hiring, promotion, and pay decisions, are fair.
distributive; procedural
Managers should be flexible enough to incorporate the differing needs of ______ employees
diverse
Accurate schemas allow for effective decisions, whereas inaccurate schemas are considered ______.
dysfunctional
To attract and retain the best employees and to effectively compete in a global environment, managers need to ______.
effectively manage diversity
Managers face many interpretation and fairness challenges when complying with the ADA including: (Choose all that apply.)
having people with real disabilities hesitant to reveal their disability. having employees seeking unnecessary accommodations for disabilities they do not have.
Effective mentoring does not involve ______.
helping to cover up mistakes
The Equal Pay Act requires men and women be paid equally ______.
if they perform equal work
The median age of U.S. workers is ______.
increasing
The type of sexual harassment that occurs when a harasser asks or forces another person in the workplace to perform sexual favors to keep their job is called ______.
quid pro quo
When managers commit to diversity, their commitment ______ efforts of others.
legitimizes the diversity management
A manager focused on socioeconomic diversity generally is especially concerned about those who ______.
live in poverty
Indicate which items on the following list are considered forms of sexual harassment. (Choose all that apply.)
quid pro quo hostile work environment
The two forms of sexual harassment are ______.
quid pro quo and hostile work environment
Meagan's boss calls her into his office one day with regard to a possible promotion. He tells her he can make her regional vice-president--but only if she agrees to sleep with him. This is called ______.
quid pro quo sexual harassment
Stereotypes are usually based on a visible characteristic, such as a person's: (Choose all that apply.)
race age gender
To enable people to effectively perform their jobs, the Americans with Disabilities Act requires that employers make ______ accommodations.
reasonable
Organizational members should be encouraged to ______.
report any incident involving discriminatory behavior
Physical sources of diversity end up influencing: (Choose all that apply.)
salaries. advancement rates.
A white manager who focuses more on the only Asian employee on the team is acting from the ______ effect.
salience
A ______ is an abstract knowledge structure that is stored in memory and makes possible the interpretation and organization of information about a person, event, or situation.
schema
Gender ______ are a kind of stereotype.
schemas
Our perceptions are affected by the knowledge and attitudes we have previously developed about people, events, and situations. This store of knowledge makes up our ______.
schemas
The world around us is filled with so much information that it would be difficult or impossible to deal with all of this information without ______.
schemas
Organizations with higher proportions of women in top management positions had ______ financial performance than organizations with ______.
significantly better; lower proportions of female top managers
The ______ effect is the tendency to perceive individuals with high social status more positively than we perceive those with low social status.
social status
Managers who make decisions based on the belief that Hispanic women are subservient, or that mothers are unwilling to work as hard as single women are basing their decisions on ______.
stereotypes
Because women tend to have control and influence on most consumer purchases, it's important to have ______.
their perspective on boards of organizations
Socioeconomic diversity requires that managers be sensitive and responsive to ______.
those who are not as well off as others
The first step that managers can take to deal with the problem of eradicating sexual harassment in their organization is to develop and clearly communicate a sexual harassment policy endorsed by ______.
top management
What can result from a variety of points of view and approaches to problems in the workplace?
Improvement of managerial decision making
Which of the following are steps in managing diversity effectively? (Choose all that apply.)
Increase the accuracy of perceptions Secure top management commitment Increase diversity skills Consider the numbers
______ justice encourages managers to use fair procedures in making decisions and other organizational activities.
Procedural
Which of the following sayings best describes the similar-to-me effect?
"Birds of a feather flock together".
Which of the following is not a step in managing diversity effectively?
Develop a homogeneous workforce
Which of the following are initial steps managers can take to deal with problems of sexual harassment? (Choose all that apply.)
Develop and communicate a sexual harassment policy. Provide sexual harassment education and training to all organizational members, including managers. Use a fair complaint procedure.
Which of the following are other kinds of diversity that must be effectively managed and can be sources of unfair treatment? (Choose all that apply.)
Different experiences Socio-economic background Different backgrounds
What is the result of differences among people in age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, and capabilities/disabilities?
Diversity
______ management can be improved by developing a culture of zero tolerance for discriminating against others.
Diversity
Managers face many interpretation and fairness challenges when complying with the ADA including: (Choose all that apply.)
Educating themselves about the disabilities of their workers Educating workers about the myths and realities relating to workers' disabilities Heightening the awareness of others of the capabilities of disabled workers
Which of the following are reasons why diversity is such a pressing concern for managers and organizations? (Choose all that apply.)
Effectively managing diversity can improve organizational effectiveness. There is a strong ethical imperative that diverse people must receive equal opportunity. There is evidence that diverse individuals continue to experience unfair treatment as a result of biases and overt discrimination.
Who needs to receive sexual harassment training within organizations?
Employees and managers
Men and women must be paid equally if they are performing equal work according to the ______ Act.
Equal Pay
True or false: It is not necessary for managers to be aware of their own biases.
False
Besides patience, what else do managers need to understand and appreciate diverse perspectives?
Flexibility
Shannon wants to create a diverse work environment at her office. Which of the following would best help her achieve her goal? (Choose all that apply.)
Hiring people of different physical abilities Hiring women as well as men to work in the office Hiring people of different sexual orientations Hiring people of different races and ethnicities
Which of the following is not a reason to attempt to improve communication between diverse organizational members?
It is important to make everyone speak the same major language.
Which of the following is frequently cited as critical to the success of diversity management programs?
Managerial commitment in support of diversity
Which of the following groups should be included in a company's sexual harassment training program?
Managers Employees
What is the process called when a more experienced member of the organization provides guidance to a less experienced member in the workplace?
Mentoring
______ may be more important for minority members of organizations than for majority members
Mentoring
______ may be more important for minority members of organizations than for majority members.
Mentoring
According to the text, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of which of the following?
National origin Sex Color Race Religion
What is the process through which people select, organize, and interpret what they see, hear, touch, smell, and taste to give meaning and order to the world around them?
Perception
The legislation which prohibits discrimination against women in employment decisions on the basis of childbirth is which act?
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
The #MeToo campaign is a social movement that fights against __________ harassment.
Sexual
Tanner is in middle management. He tends to view people in his company who have more powerful positions positively and people in lower positions less positively. Tanner is exhibiting which type of bias?
Social status
______ are simplistic and often inaccurate beliefs about the typical characteristics of particular groups of people.
Stereotypes
What act prohibits discrimination against disabled individuals?
The Americans with Disabilities Act
The major laws regulating gender discrimination include which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)
The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act The Equal Pay Act
Sexual harassment damages which of the following? (Choose all that apply.) or Which of the following are damaged by sexual harassment? (Check all that apply.)
The company as a whole People who are harassed
Whenever Nora is out with a large group of friends, she tends to focus on those few people who do not look or dress like everyone else. Nora is exhibiting which of the following?
The salience effect
______ is the tendency to focus attention on individuals who are conspicuously different from us.
The salience effect
______ is the tendency to perceive others who are like ourselves more positively than we perceive people who are different
The similar-to-me effect
Research conducted by consulting firms indicates that female executives compare to male colleagues in which of the following ways?
They outperform male colleagues in motivating others. They outperform men in promoting good communication.
Which of the following laws prohibits discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Which law banned discrimination based on religious beliefs?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Managers who are open to other points of view are more likely to ______.
be willing to change their minds when appropriate
Ashley has seen a lot of movies in which athletes are portrayed as being mean and aggressive. She therefore views negatively all athletes she meets. Ashley is exhibiting a(n) ______.
bias
Improving ______ can greatly help to improve the relationships between diverse organizational members.
communication skills
A diverse workforce can provide a source of ______ by suggesting goods and services that will allow the company to increase its market by appealing to more diverse customers.
competitive advantage
As of the early 21st century, racial and ethnic diversity in the United States ______.
continues to increase tremendously
By looking at the numbers and distribution of ______ throughout the organization, managers can locate potential diversity management problems.
different minority groups and women
A key issue for managers when it comes to religious diversity is recognizing and being aware of ______, with particular attention being paid to ______.
different religions and their beliefs; when religious holidays fall
Usha is a senior administrator. Jacob is new to her department. Since his arrival, Usha has taken a lot of time to explain the various work processes and protocols Jacob will need to know in order to do his job and advance in the company. By advising and guiding Jacob, Usha is engaging in ________.
mentoring
It is important to rely on ______ performance indicators whenever possible.
objective
When dealing with diverse groups, it is best to have ______ performance standards.
objective
Employees typically mimic a manager's treatment of members of minority groups because ______.
of the influence of the manager's authority and position
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against workers ______ and restricts mandatory ______.
over the age of 40; retirement
Knowingly denying diverse individuals access to opportunities and outcomes in an organization is known as _____________ discrimination.
overt
When someone knowingly denies diverse individuals access to opportunities and outcomes in the workplace, it is known as ______.
overt discrimination
Alice is using sight, sound, touch, smell and taste to give meaning and order to the world around her. She is using ______.
perception
The two moral principles that guide managers in their efforts to manage diversity effectively are ______.
procedural and distributive justice
Managers who make sure all individuals are treated equally when considered for hiring, a salary increase, or a promotion are following the principle of ______.
procedural justice
The two moral principles that guide managers in their efforts are: (check all that apply)
procedural justice distributive justice
When a manager applies the rules fairly to everyone, ______ justice is satisfied; when a manager rewards individuals based on their level of effort, skill, and performance, ______ justice is satisfied.
procedural; distributive
Handling the claim by a neutral third party, ensuring that complaints are handled promptly, protecting and fairly treating victims, and ensuring alleged harassers are treated fairly are all part of the ______.
procedures to investigate sexual harassment
Inaccurate schemas lead to inaccurate perceptions, which can lead to ______.
unfair treatment
When a manager's inaccurate schemas lead to inaccurate perceptions, ______.
unfair treatment is likely to occur