Management Final
16. What made a higher level of trade and economic activity possible for the ancient Sumerians? A. Bartering B. The introduction of writing C. Roads and infrastructure D. Government support
B. The introduction of writing
44. Entrepreneurs fulfill this critical function that makes our economy work and grow: A. Price discovery B. Resource allocation C. Innovation D. All of these
D. All of these
20. Which of these was among Adam Smith's major contributions to management thought? A. Span of control B. Bureaucracy C. Written language D. Specialization and division of labor
D. Specialization and division of labor
54. In the BCG Matrix, business units that have high market share but are in a market that is not growing are called ______. a. Cash cows b. Dogs c. Stars d. Question marks
a. Cash cows
53. What do we call the level of strategy involving decisions about growing, maintaining, or shrinking very large companies? a. Corporate strategy b. Business strategy c. Strategic management d. Strategic analysis
a. Corporate strategy
55. When a company decide to shrink its operations to reduce costs in order to survive, it is employing a ____ strategy. a. Defensive b. Stability c. Offensive d. Growth
a. Defensive
70. _________ says that expectations of the outcome of their efforts and performance will motivate workers. a. Expectancy theory b. Goal setting c. Hierarchy of needs d. Operant conditioning
a. Expectancy theory
62. The relationship between leader behavior and follower behavior can best be characterized as: a. Leaders and followers both influence each other. b. Leaders do not influence followers. c. Followers do not influence leaders. d. There is no relationship.
a. Leaders and followers both influence each other.
52. What is the final step in the strategic management process? a. Measure and evaluate performance b. Mission and vision statement c. Strategic analysis d Develop objections
a. Measure and evaluate performance
79. The most common type of internal process for technology and innovation in the organization is ______. a. R&D b. Mergers c. Joint ventures d. Licensing
a. R&D
58. Which of these is not a dimension of organizational change? a. Speed b. Scope c. Level d. Intentionality
a. Speed
63. ________ make the leader's job easier and _______ make the leader's job harder. a. Substitutes; neutralizers b. Neutralizers; substitutes c. Leaders; followers d. Substitutes; complements
a. Substitutes; neutralizers
73. The team leader or manager acts as a _______ between the team and external stakeholders. a. buffer b. barrier c. gap d. enemy
a. buffer
75. Resolving conflict _________ can help a team develop and bond together and contribute to its perfomance. a. constructively b. destructively c. angrily d. reactivly
a. constructively
64. Leaders who arise from the events and processes that unfold within a group as they work are: a. emergent leaders b. formal leaders c. informal leaders d. designated leaders
a. emergent leaders
68. Process theories of motivation discuss ________. a. how people become motivated to work b. what people are motivated by c. the hierarchy of needs d. how the leopard got its spots
a. how people become motivated to work
67. Leaders pay attention to the needs that motivate people to ________ them to work toward common goals of a business. a. influence b. trick c. discourage d. divert
a. influence
57. What do we call the invisible network of interpersonal relationships that shape how people actually connect in a firm? a. informal structure b. mechanistic c. intentionality d. level of organizational
a. informal structure
76. The addition of newness to products and processes within the firm and within the environment refers to which of these? a. innovation b. management of technology c. strategy d. technology
a. innovation
74. Team managers shape, set, and influence _____ of the team similarly to the way a CEO or entrepreneur does for a firm. a. internal and external boundaries b. costs and benefits c. personalities d. emotional intelligence
a. internal and external boundaries
72. The process of team development over time involves several stages, including _______. a. norming b. warming c. swarming d. informing
a. norming
69. Operant conditioning involves using rewards and _______ to reinforce desired behaviors. a. punishments b. prizes c. pay d. bonuses
a. punishments
66. Maslow's hierarchy of needs orders types of human needs from basic survival to ________ at the top of the hierarchy. a. self-actualization b. physical security c. socialization d. ego & self-esteem
a. self-actualization
78. Which of these refers to the tendency of organizations to continue on their current trajectory? a. strategic inertia b. technology c. technology strategy d. management of technology
a. strategic inertia
51. Which term describes the activities that managers undertake in order to achieve competitive advantage? a. strategic management b. entrepreneurship c. value chain d. boring meetings
a. strategic management
59. In the ____ phase of the firm life cycle, the firm expands and the hierarchy deepens to many levels of employees and managers. a. sustained success b. entrepreneurship c. survival and early growth d. renewal (or decline)
a. sustained success
80. Which of these emerges from experience of an individual? a. tacit knowledge b. explicit knowledge c. leadership d. strategic drift
a. tacit knowledge
71. Teams differ from working groups for all the following reasons EXCEPT: _________ a. teams are usually larger b. teams involve deep collaboration c. team members have complementary skills d. teams are collectively responsible and mutually accountable
a. teams are usually larger
77. Which concept in technology management describes how technology will be used and what role technology will have? a. technology strategy b. technology forecasting c. technology roadmap d. technological drift
a. technology strategy
61. All of the following are key components of the leadership process EXCEPT: a. the vision statement b. the context c. the followers d. the consequences
a. the vision statement
65. The type of leadership most appropriate when major changes are needed in an organization would be: a. transformational b. transactional c. path-goal d. task-centered
a. transformational
56. _____ refers to the constant shifts that occur within an organizational system. a. Organizational change b. Organizational structure c. Organizational design d. Organizational development
c. Organizational design
60. In the Complex Adaptive Systems model of change, managers can influence all of the following EXCEPT _______. a. the exact behaviors of individuals b. boundary conditions c. flows and connections among employees d. timing of deliberate disturbances
d. timing of deliberate disturbances
30. Which of the following profile of an organization emphasizes creating, innovating, visioning the future, managing change, risk-taking, rule-breaking, experimentation, entrepreneurship, and uncertainty? A. Adhocracy Culture B. Clan Culture C. Hierarchy Culture D. Market Culture
A. Adhocracy Culture
7. Which of the following describes the action or process of thinking through possible options and selecting one? A. Decision-making B. Groupthink C. Brainstorming D. Bounded rationality
A. Decision-making
10. ______ is the ability to recognize, understand, pay attention to, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. A. Emotional intelligence B. Programmed decision C. Heuristic D. Nonprogrammed decision
A. Emotional intelligence
22. Which of the following describe the cohesion of workers in a given unit or department, to their commitment to their individual goals and to their coworkers even in the face of adversity, and to the pride that one feels by being a member of the organization? A. Esprit de corps B. Unity of command C. Equity D. Centralization
A. Esprit de corps
5. Which of the following are at the top of the hierarchy and are responsible for the entire organization, especially its strategic direction? A. Executive managers B. Middle managers C. First-line managers D. Rank-and-file employees
A. Executive managers
24. Which of the following is an inclusive concept that involves all outside factors and influences that impact the operation of a business that an organization must respond or react to in order to maintain its flow of operations? A. External environment B. Task environment C. Corporate culture D. Competitive environment
A. External environment
38. According to Hofstede, which of the following is an implication of high collectivism? A. Hiring and promotion takes in-group into consideration B. Family relationships unimportant in hiring C. Treating friends better than others at the workplace is considered unethical D. Employee-employer relationship based on the market
A. Hiring and promotion takes in-group into consideration
27. ______ organizational structures are best suited for environments that range from stable and simple to low-moderate uncertainty. A. Mechanistic B. Network C. Organic D. Virtual
A. Mechanistic
43. _____ are entrepreneurs who start a series of companies. A. Multipreneurs or serial entrepreneurs B. Growth capitalists C. Wage workers D. Intrapreneurs
A. Multipreneurs or serial entrepreneurs
36. According to Hofstede, the degree to which members of a society accept differences in power and authority refers to which of these? A. Power Distance B. Individualism C. Uncertainty Avoidance D. Masculinity
A. Power Distance
26. Which of these environmental forces include different generations' values, beliefs, attitudes, customs and traditions, habits, and lifestyles? A. Sociocultural B. Technological C. Economic D. Government and political
A. Sociocultural
46. Which term describes the process that firms use to study and understand the many different layers and aspects of their competitive environment? A. Strategic analysis B. Strategic positioning C. Value chain D. VRIO
A. Strategic analysis
47. Which of the following SWOT factors are internal to the firm? A. Strengths and weaknesses B. Weaknesses and opportunities C. Opportunities and threats D. Threats and strengths
A. Strengths and weaknesses
2. Which of the following describes long-range planning activity? A. Suzie occupying an executive position at ABC Manufacturing is frequently involved in strategic planning and development. B. As a production manager, Jason evaluates and takes corrective action concerning the allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources at SBA Systems, Inc. C. Julie, a marketing manager at TTY Tools, continually watches for changes in the business environment and monitor business indicators such as economic indicators and business cycles. D. As the consumer division head of JNJ Systems, Riya continually oversees the work of her subordinates.
A. Suzie occupying an executive position at ABC Manufacturing is frequently involved in strategic planning and development.
33. _______ are taxes that are added to the price of imported international products. A. Tariffs B. Global strategy C. Trade agreements D. Globalization
A. Tariffs
35. The movement of people from their home country to other countries refers to A. emigration. B. global strategy. C. emerging markets. D. globalization.
A. emigration.
41. The person who takes the risk of starting and managing a business to make a profit is called a(n): A. entrepreneur B. venture capitalist C. capitalistic adventurer D. franchiser
A. entrepreneur
40. Government corruption and bribery are commonplace in many developing areas of the world, but may be illegal under __________ for U.S. companies. A. federal law B. the Boy Scout Oath C. the division of labor D. bounded rationality
A. federal law
8. Poor decision-making by lower-level managers can lead to any of the following adverse outcomes EXCEPT: A. increased productivity if there are too few workers. B. increased expenses if there are too many supplies. C. increased turnover if the decisions involve managing workers. D. reduced morale if the decisions involve managing workers.
A. increased productivity if there are too few workers.
18. The medieval period in Europe saw the refinement of resource allocation methods on the estates of _________ and the rise of _______ devoted to trade issues and disputes. A. monasteries; legal systems B. warlords; judges C. Greeks; businesses D. farmers; poetry
A. monasteries; legal systems
14. When Dianna does not or can not know the outcome of each alternative until some time after she has actually chosen that alternative and can observe the results, she is facing conditions of _______. A. uncertainty B. escalation of commitment C. emotional intelligence D. time pressures
A. uncertainty
37. Of the five major modes of entry into new or foreign markets, which of these involves the highest degree of commitment and direct exposure to local risks? A. Exporting B. Building a wholly-owned green field subsidiary C. Franchising D. Starting a joint venture with a local company
B. Building a wholly-owned green field subsidiary
17. ______ was developed in the early Chinese dynasties but only became fully implemented during the Han dynasty. A. Information sharing and analysis B. Bureaucracy C. The concept of span of control D. Standardization
B. Bureaucracy
15. All of these are ways managers can conserve their time and cognitive resources efficiently in order to direct them to use for tasks that need more detailed attention EXCEPT: A. Applying heuristics B. Complex analysis of simple problems C. Satisficing D. Programming programmable decisions or processes
B. Complex analysis of simple problems
21. Who is known as the father of scientific management? A. Henry Fayol B. Frederick Taylor C. Adam Smith D. Elton Mayo
B. Frederick Taylor
28. Which of the following is the most used organizational design? A. Virtual structure B. Functional structure C. Matrix structure D. Vertical team structure
B. Functional structure
11. Which term best describe decisions that are repeated over time and for which an existing set of rules can be developed to guide the process? A. Emotional intelligence B. Programmed C. Heuristics D. Nonprogrammed
B. Programmed
50. "R" in VRIO means: A. Rate - how fast the business is growing? B. Rarity - do other firms possess the same resource? C. Result - does the business get results? D. Retail - can a product be sold at retail?
B. Rarity - do other firms possess the same resource?
12. When Jermain is facing novel and complex situations, which decision-making system would be better? A. Reactive B. Reflective C. Heuristics D. Ad hominem
B. Reflective
9. Which system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical, or "thinking slow"? A. Reactive B. Reflective C. Heuristics D. Ad hominem
B. Reflective
45. All of the following are characteristics of an entrepreneurial personality EXCEPT: A. creativity B. a preference to be a follower rather than a leader C. problem solving skills D. a preference for autonomy over being told what to do
B. a preference to be a follower rather than a leader
48. Porter's 5-forces model deals with the _______ environment, and the VRIO model deals with the ________ environment. A. internal; external B. external; internal C. legal; technological D. supplier; customer
B. external; internal
23. The major difference between scientific management and human relations theory was that A. scientific management recognized that social factors were a source of power in the workplace. B. human relations theory recognized that social factors were a source of power in the workplace. C. human relations focused on efficiency produced through either operational improvements. D. scientific management acknowledged that peoples' attitudes, perceptions, and desires play a role in their workplace performance.
B. human relations theory recognized that social factors were a source of power in the workplace.
6. Which skills for managers include the ability to see the organization as a whole and to understand how various parts fit together to work as an integrated unit? A. Working with rank-and-file employees B. Human relations C. Conceptual D. Technical
C. Conceptual
31. Which of the following profile of an organization emphasizes efficiency, process and cost control, organizational improvement, technical expertise, precision, problem solving, elimination of errors, logical, cautious and conservative, management and operational analysis, and careful decision-making? A. Adhocracy Culture B. Clan Culture C. Hierarchy Culture D. Market Culture
C. Hierarchy Culture
19. The first corporations were developed in ______ but some had branches across Europe. A. Rome B. Greece C. Italy D. Egypt
C. Italy
29. Which of the following use teams to combine vertical with horizontal structures? A. Virtual structure B. Functional structure C. Matrix structure D. Geographic structure
C. Matrix structure
25. Which of the following is NOT a category of general macro environments and forces? A. Sociocultural B. Technological C. Mechanistic D. Government and political
C. Mechanistic
42. Entrepreneurship can be broadly viewed from three perspectives, which include each of the following except for: A. functional B. structural C. divisional D. occupational
C. divisional
4. Which of the following describe monitoring products and services activity? A. At ABC Accounting, Inc. Margo's primary responsibility is to attract and retain new clients. B. As a vice-president of regional engagement, Tom's primary responsibility is to cultivate and maintain contacts with representatives from various constituencies outside the company, including state and federal agencies, and local civic groups. C. Sophia routinely uses her technical expertise to solve her company's problems, acting as an agent for organizational change and development at her organization. D. As a production manager at Garden Tools International (GTI), Ellen frequently gets involved in planning, scheduling, and monitoring the design, development, production, and delivery of garden tools at GTI.
D. As a production manager at Garden Tools International (GTI), Ellen frequently gets involved in planning, scheduling, and monitoring the design, development, production, and delivery of garden tools at GTI.
3. Which of the following describe supervision activity? A. Suzie occupying an executive position at ABC Manufacturing is frequently involved in strategic planning and development. B. As a production manager, Jason evaluates and takes corrective action concerning the allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources at SBA Systems, Inc. C. Julie, a marketing manager at TTY Tools, continually watches for changes in the business environment and monitor business indicators such as economic indicators and business cycles. D. As the consumer division head of JNJ Systems, Riya continually oversees the work of her subordinates.
D. As the consumer division head of JNJ Systems, Riya continually oversees the work of her subordinates.
13. Which of the following terms illustrate that the decision-making process is limited by incomplete information as well as our capacity to process all the information? A. Emotional intelligence B. Programmed C. Heuristics D. Bounded rationality
D. Bounded rationality
49. Which of the following is NOT a force in Porter's industry analysis model? A. Industry rivalry B. The threat of new entrants C. Supplier power D. Employee Power
D. Employee Power
34. ______ refers to deliberate efforts of a country or company to invest in another country in the form of ownership positions in companies in another country. A. Tariffs B. Global strategy C. Licensing D. Foreign direct investment (FDI)
D. Foreign direct investment (FDI)
39. International management scholars recognize that Christianity is generally supportive of _______, and so multinationals located in countries where a majority of people are Christian should expect to face an environment in which work, success in business, and accumulation of wealth are celebrated. A. cultural stereotyping B. social stratification C. globalization D. business and industry
D. business and industry
1. The interactive nature of management means that most management work is A. passive. B. abstract. C. unimportant. D. conversational.
D. conversational.
32. The worldwide phenomenon whereby the countries of the world are becoming more interconnected and where trade barriers are disappearing refers to A. immigration. B. global strategy. C. emerging markets. D. globalization.
D. globalization.