Management of Organizations Midterms

Which strategy/strategies gives job candidates realistic information about what it would be like to work for a given firm? hiring customers realistic job previews using employee referrals all of these

All of these

Workplace bullying can include which of the following? threats verbal abuse intimidation all of these

All of these

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs include things that offer safety and security, such as adequate housing and clothing and freedom from worry and anxiety. True False

False

According to the expectancy theory of motivation, a negative sum of valences will encourage motivated behavior regardless of other factors. True False

False

Diversity is considered an important element of the modern workplace; however, there is little practical benefit to be gained by actively promoting it. False True

False

Employees who are expected to work unusual and demanding schedules are usually satisfied receiving additional time off and do not require higher pay. True False

False

Employment in the service sector is expected to decline in the near future. False True

False

Ethical behavior is not as profitable as unethical behavior, but it has other advantages. False True

False

Globalization is a new phenomenon. False True

False

Herzberg's dual-structure theory suggests that the feelings of satisfaction and dissatisfaction that workers experience are derived from the same set of factors. True False

False

In the early stages of the learning process, fixed-ratio reinforcement is particularly effective for promoting desirable behaviors. True False

False

Managers who want to raise the level of job performance from their employees find that motivation is easier to manage than ability or environment. True False

False

Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low openness. extraversion. agreeableness. neuroticism.

Neuroticism

By some estimates, the "half-life" for a technical education in engineering is about three years. Which of the following scenarios illustrates this principle? Penelope graduates with a degree in computer engineering in 2017. In 2020, she decides she is unhappy in her line of work and is able to change careers because she went to a prestigious school. Everett graduates with a degree in aerospace engineering in 2017. By 2020, half of what he needs to know to do his job is knowledge he did not have when graduated. Claude graduates with a degree in electrical engineering in 2017. If he has not gotten a promotion by 2020, then he will probably never get one. Oksana graduates with a degree in mechanical engineering in 2017. By 2020, half of what she learned in her university classes is obsolete.

Oksana graduates with a degree in mechanical engineering in 2017. By 2020, half of what she learned in her university classes is obsolete.

Which dimension of self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished? magnitude specificity generality strength

Strength

Which of the following allows monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination? the Emancipation Proclamation Title V of the Civil Rights Act of 1954 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1991

Employees may improve their own productivity if they are able to participate in making decisions about how their jobs are done. True False

True

MBO has value as a way to motivate employees. True False

True

The successful application of organizational behavior principles can reduce a company's rates of turnover and absenteeism. True False

True

There are elements of diversity aside from gender, age, and race. False True

True

Workers are likely to improve their performance when they believe that needs that are important to their well-being will be satisfied if they do so. True False

True

People who are impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight are said to have what personality type? Type B Type A Type 1 Type 2

Type A

Sheryl is cooperative, forgiving, and understanding. She has high __________ conscientiousness. agreeableness. extroversion. openness.

agreeableness.

A supervisor can enrich a job by doing which of the following? introducing new or harder tasks granting additional authority to employees any of these organizing work in teams

any of these

A goal is most likely to be attained when ________________ people are strongly committed to it. both of these neither of these people are given feedback showing their progress toward the goal

both of these

Personality is a product of which of the following? environment heredity both of these neither of these

both of these

Derek serves on the board of directors for a furniture company. He is also the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What is this situation an example of? synergistic integration conflict of interest corporate social responsibility environmental sustainability

conflict of interest

Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on which of the following? customer intimacy customer integrity customer integration customer intimidation

customer intimacy

Which of the following is not a facet of human resource management? developing incentives to motivate employees creating programs to develop employees' skills developing incentives to retain employees developing incentives to use fewer employees

developing incentives to use fewer employees

What is the second step in the performance appraisal process? documentation evaluation compensation communication

documentation

Deming believed that removing _______ from the workplace gives employees pride in their workmanship, which increases production. diversity fear hierarchy competition

fear

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is most important for which of the following groups? authors firefighters lawyers mathematicians

firefighters

Which of the following was a primary cause of the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States? foreign competition resource exhaustion insufficient talent mismanaged growth

foreign competition

In collectivistic cultures such as Japan, performance appraisals tend to be ________ ignored. group-based. unequitable. given on an individual level.

group-based.

Which sensory modality is LEAST important to learning? gustatory visual auditory kinesthetic

gustatory

Paid time off is an example of ________ bonus systems. perquisites. indirect compensation. long-term compensation.

indirect compensation

What term refers to the manner in which individuals process and organize information during learning? information processing capacity general mental ability verbal speed emotional intelligence

information processing capacity

According to Victor Vroom, _______________ is the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward. expectancy magnitude instrumentality valence

instrumentality

One of your remote employees makes a mistake on an important project, so you must write her an email that explains the nature of the mistake and stresses how vital it is that the mistake is both fixed and never repeated. At the same time, because it was an honest mistake, you do not want your email to demoralize, demotivate, or otherwise unduly upset your employee. Your ability to write an email that corrects your employee's behavior without damaging her productivity or your relationship with her falls under which category of skills? interpersonal skills technical skills diagnostic skills conceptual skills

interpersonal skills

A work group of three secretaries who take turns answering the phones, sorting mail, and typing and filing correspondence are demonstrating which of the following? job enrichment job rotation job promotion job enlargement

job rotation

Which of the following is NOT an example of organizational citizenship? not asking for raises never missing deadlines agreeing to trade shifts with a coworker meeting all of the goals necessary to qualify for end of year bonuses

not asking for raises

Boris works as a receptionist. He's happy with his salary, he gets along well with his coworkers and his boss, there's no stress, and he can get all of his tasks done proficiently. However, he feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Boris lack? person-vocation fit person-group fit person-job fit person-organization fit

person-vocation fit

A company's ________ policy states what data the company will collect about its customers, how that data will be used, and how its customers can opt out of having their information collected and/or shared. ethics information sharing privacy

privacy

What is the primary motivation behind off-shoring? reduced labor costs increased product quality expansion into new markets the formation of new supplier-client relationships

reduced labor costs

According to the human relations approach, offering employees _____________ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace. self-direction opportunities for advancement increased compensation flexible work schedules

self-direction

A key component of equity theory is that employees compare their own input/output ratios with the input/outcome ratios of other employees. What is the term for this phenomenon? social comparison social loafing interpersonal contrast social contrast

social comparison

What type of learners are most likely to enjoy making outlines of text and lecture material? observational learners experiential learners structured learners group learners

structured learners

Michael Porter says that, to have a competitive advantage, a company must ultimately be able to give customers _______________. the product with the highest possible quality perfect customer service whatever they want superior value for their money

superior value for their money

Successful business strategies are grounded in creating and maintaining a competitive advantage that is ______________. sustainable volatile aggressive inflexible

sustainable

Humphrey and Lina, who work at different firms, each receive a 3% raise. Most of Humphrey's coworkers receive a 5% raise, and he is unhappy with his raise. Most of Lina's coworkers receive a 1% raise, and she is happy with her raise. Humphrey and Lina most likely have different reactions to their raises because their raises have different _________ financial implications. surface value. symbolic value. objective worth.

symbolic value.

The steps of the scientific method go in which order? theory, hypothesis, data, verification hypothesis, theory, data, verification data, theory, hypothesis, verification data, hypothesis, theory, verification

theory, hypothesis, data, verification

Deepak is the founder of a small game development studio. He devised a method for meeting deadlines that has proven very effective for his organization. Deepak believes that his method will also work for any other organization. What type of perspective does this belief reflect? scientific situational interactional universal

universal

What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse? uppermost leadership clerical workers middle management lowest level

uppermost leadership

Behavior that is reinforced after periods of time, with the time span varying from one time to the next is called continuous. variable-ratio. fixed-ratio. variable-interval.

variable-interval.

What term refers to differences in a certain type or category, including group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background? separation variety token disparity

variety

A biologist wants to know whether a plant's growth is affected by the material it's planted in. She plants lima bean seeds in a jar of dirt, a jar of cotton, and a jar of rocks, then provides each jar with equal amounts of water, plant food, and sunlight. In this experiment, what is the independent variable? how much the plants grow how much nutrition the plants are given what the seeds are planted in the type of bean seed used

what the seeds are planted in

The study of organizational behavior is beneficial to managers because _________ it enables them to be dispassionate when firing underperforming employees. managers who cannot cite important organizational behavior texts rarely get promoted. working with people is an improvable skill. it enables them to exploit human resources more efficiently.

working with people is an improvable skill.

Diversity can involve which of the following? all of these race age gender

All of these

Why might some people pursue multiple vocations during the course of their careers? because they get bored with one vocation because they have diverse interests both of these neither of these

Both of these

__________ is NOT one of the seven universal emotions. Confusion Joy Fear Surprise

Confusion

____________ depend primarily on active experimentation and abstract conceptualization to learn. Divergers Convergers Assimilators Accommodators

Convergers

___________________ is the first step in the organizational behavior modification process. Identifying the behaviors that you wish to change Tracking the occurrence of the target behavior Identifying existing behavioral consequences Defining what can be improved

Defining what can be improved

Which of the following enumerates one reason why service organizations have different hiring standards from manufacturing organizations? Employees who manufacture goods don't usually interact with customers. Manufacturing jobs require skilled laborers, whereas service jobs can be done by anyone. Service jobs generally require greater cognitive abilities than do manufacturing jobs. Service organizations typically have shorter cycle times.

Employees who manufacture goods don't usually interact with customers.

An employee in which one of the following countries would be most likely to go behind her boss's back in order to finish a project successfully? The United States Israel Mexico Venezuela

Israel

Which of the following countries is highly assertive and materialistic? Sweden Germany The United States Japan

Japan

Which of the following is NOT a motivation factor in Herzberg's model? Responsibility Job security Growth Recognition

Job security

____________ refers to an individual's general strategy for dealing with other people and the degree to which they feel they can manipulate others in interpersonal situations. Neuroticism Darwinism Machiavellianism Anxiety

Machiavellianism

Which of the following scenarios most clearly exemplifies the successful use of a manager's diagnostic skills? Sally must convince Gary and Rob to work overtime. She knows that Gary's top priority is his own self-interest, so when talking to him, she emphasizes how much money he'll make. She knows that Rob's top priority is her well-being, so when talking to him, she emphasizes how much it will mean to her. Gary and Rob both work overtime happily. Sally suspects that Gary is underperforming because he is not getting enough sleep, not because he is incapable. She lets him work from 10 to 6 instead of 9 to 5, and his performance improves. Sally has to lay off either Rob or Gary. Although she likes Rob more, she lays him off because Gary fits in better with the team overall and is better able to execute the company's strategic mission. A program on Sally's computer stops working. She could ask Gary, a member of the tech support team, to fix it, but Sally is good with computers and fixes the problem herself in less time than it would have taken Gary to come over and fix it.

Sally suspects that Gary is underperforming because he is not getting enough sleep, not because he is incapable. She lets him work from 10 to 6 instead of 9 to 5, and his performance improves.

___________management is based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies. Sociological Scientific Strategic Straightforward

Scientific

What is an expatriate? a person who is a legal resident of a country other than the one where he or she was born a person temporarily or permanently living in a country other than that of legal residence a person with dual citizenship an illegal immigrant

a person temporarily or permanently living in a country other than that of legal residence

A 360-degree feedback system includes __________ a wide range of feedback, as well as intangible and subjective measures of performance. a meeting with an employee's supervisor in a one-on-one setting. both constructive feedback and destructive criticism. objective and easily measurable performance standards.

a wide range of feedback, as well as intangible and subjective measures of performance.

Which approach to performance management identifies financial and nonfinancial performance measures and organizes them into a single model? the human relations approach balanced scorecard the two-factor theory 360-degree feedback

balanced scorecard

Albert works as a salesperson making $8 an hour plus 5% of every sale he makes. He receives two weeks of paid vacation a year as well as 50% matching in a 401K retirement fund. In this scenario, "$8 an hour" represents Albert's _______ perquisites. compensation package. base pay. commissions.

base pay.

What term refers to the degree to which an employee has the authority to make and implement decisions? empowerment power struggle dictatorship collaboration

empowerment

Listening to employees, recognizing their work, building trust, and behaving ethically has been shown to boost each of the following measures of performance EXCEPT environmental preservation operating earnings stock price return on investment

environmental preservation