Management Test 2 (ch 7&8)

Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing an office/manufacturing location in the Brazilian market for a U.S. company that operates cinemas and wants to open a chain of movie theaters there?

(all of these) exchange rates, work force quality, the strategy of the movie theater plan, and tariff/non-tariff barriers

Team norms in an organization can create ___.

(all of these) increased job satisfaction, more trust in management, negative behaviors-such as breaking rules, stronger organizational commitment

Forming

(stage 1) of team development where team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms

Storming

(stage 2) of team development characterized by conflict and disagreement in which team members disagree over what the team should do and how it should do it

Norming

(stage 3) of team development where team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop

Performing

(stage 4/final) of team development where performance improves because the team has matured into an effective, fully-functioning team

What are the stages of organization decline (in order)?

1. Blinded 2. Inaction 3. Faulty action 4. Crisis 5. Dissolution

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for phase model globalization?

1. Exporting 2. Cooperative Contracts 3. Strategic Alliances 4. Wholly Owned Affiliates

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.

1.technological discontinuity 2.discontinuous change 3.dominant design 4.incremental change

Which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance?

6 to 9

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ___.

Accountability

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.

Affective conflict

Which of the following statements is true regarding discrimination based on sex?

Although progress is being made, sex discrimination continues to operate via the glass ceiling at higher levels in an organization

When significant improvements in performance can only be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ___ in the S-curve pattern of innovation.

At the end of the innovation cycle

With ___, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multi-level reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.

Bureaucratic immunity

An ___ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

Change agent

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

Change forces

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ___ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition over time, while ___ support the status quo, or the exsisting state of condition in an organization.

Change forces; resistance forces

Which type of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

Cognitive Ability tests

Which of the following statements regarding cohesiveness is true?

Cohesive groups have lower turnover

It is appropriate to use a(n) _____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.

Compression

The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

Compression

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?

Conscientiousness

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

Creative work environments

With divisions that focus on business clients and customer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express and others are examples of ____ departmentalization.

Customer

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

Cycle

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?

Design Lockout

In _____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

Design competition

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

Design competition

___ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

Direct foreign investment

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Discontinuous change

Which of the following statements explains why diversity makes good business sense?

Diversity helps companies attract and retain talented employees

Organizational development _____.

Emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

The _____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment.

Experimental

What are the Big Five personality dimensions?

Extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences

According to Hofstede's research on cultural dimensions, ____ cultures emphasize the importance of relationships, modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life.

Feminine

Hofstede's research have shown there are:

Five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries

___ and ___ are both examples of cooperative contracts.

Franchising and Licensing

Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?

Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists

Studies show that those with disabilities _____.

Have a better safety record on the job than other employees

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle.

Incremental change

Organizational ______ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

Innovation

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create ___ year after year.

Innovation streams

Which of the following scenarios is an example of matrix departmentalization?

InsureClef Ince, an insurance company, has departments that focus on major commercials and small businesses

The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ___.

Internal motivation

Organizational Development ____.

Is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

Which of the following is true regarding the discrimination and fairness paradigm?

It focuses only on surface-level dimensions of diversity

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust.

Which of the following is true of global business?

It is the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries

An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker preforms within one particular job has engaged in ___.

Job Enlargement

Bona fide occupational qualifications are most likely to be included in ____.

Job specification

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline?

Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent.

With ___ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.

Matrix

Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others ___ outsource all remaining business activities ti outside companies, supplies, specialists, or consultants.

Modular organizations

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

Not establishing a great enough sense of urgency

Organizational Decline

Occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival.

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in _____.

Organization Decline

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

Organizational impediments

While ___ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ___ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.

Organizational structure; Organizational process

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is _____.

Planning

Hallmark has four departments. These departments are 1) Flowers and gifts 2) Cards and E-cards 3) Hallmark collectibles 4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ___ departmentalization.

Product

Two factors that help determine the growth of potential foreign markets are foreign competition and ___.

Purchasing Power

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

S-Curve

If a CEO opens a nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke, it would be an example of _____.

Sexual Harassment

Which of the following should be a key issue for a company once it decides to go global?

Strike the right balance between global consistency and local adaption

____ are long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deductions used to develop and protect companies in special industries

Subsidiaries

Two general types of trade barriers are:

Tariff and non-tariff

Which of the following statements about team development is true?

Team performance begins to decline at the de-norming stage

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.

Technological substitution

____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

Technology

Skill Variety

The number of different activities performed in a job

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

Unfreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

Unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Unstructured vs Structured Interviews

Unstructured: ask whatever they want Structured: ask same set of standardized questions

Clive Motor Company solely owns and operates manufacturing plants in Brazil, Chile, Germany and India. Which of the following methods for conducting global business has Clive Motor Company used in this example?

Wholly Owned Affiliates

Customs Classification

a classification assigned to imported products by government officials that affects the size of the tariff and the imposition of import quotas

Franchise

a collection of networked forms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service (the franchisor) licenses the entire business to another person or organization (the franchisee)

Gainsharing

a compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains, such as increased productivity, cost savings, or quality, with their workers

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)

a compensation system that awards employees shares of company stock in addition to their regular compensation

Stock options

a compensation system that gives employees the right to purchase shares of stock at a set price even if the value of the stock increases above that price

Profit Sharing

a compensation system where a company pays a percentage of its profits to employees in addition to their regular compensation

Piecework

a compensation system where employees are paid a set rate for each item they can produce

Commission

a compensation system where employees earn a percentage of each sale they make

Human Resource Information System (HRIS)

a computerized system for gathering, analyzing, storing, and disseminating information related to the HRM process

Multinational corporation

a corp that owns businesses in two or more countries

Design Iteration

a cycle of repetition in which a company tests prototypes of a new product or service, improves on that design, function and reliability

Technology Cycle

a cycle that begins with the birth of new technology and ends when that tech. reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology

Tariff

a direct tax on imported goods

Simple Matrix

a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources

Complex matrix

a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers, who help them sort out conflicts and problems

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

a form of sexual harassment where employee outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether the individual submits to sexual harassment

Hostile work environment

a form of sexual harassment where unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment

Product Prototype

a full-scale, working model that is being tested for design, function and reliability

Protectionism

a government's use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition

Traditional Work Group

a group composed of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal

Semi-autonomous work group

a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service

Matrix departmentalization

a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional, are used together

Job Specialization

a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process

Wrongful Discharge

a legal doctrine that requires employers to have a job-related reason to terminate an employee

Quota

a limit on the number or volume of imported products

Unity of Command

a management principle that workers should report to just one boss

Diversity Pairing

a mentoring program in which people of different cultural backgrounds, sexes, or races are paired together to get to know each other and change stereotypical beliefs and attitudes

Direct foreign investment

a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country

Dominant Design

a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard

S-Curve Pattern of innovation

a pattern of technological innovation characterized by a slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as technology matures and reaches its limits

360-degree feedback

a performance process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employee themselves

Job Evaluation

a process that determines the worth of each job in a company by evaluating the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to preform it

Flow

a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly

Job Analysis

a purposeful, systematic process for collection information on important work-related aspects of a job

(UNASUR) Union of South American Nations

a regional trade agreement between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Boliva, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana, Suriname, and Chile

(APEC) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

a regional trade agreement between Australia, Canada, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States and all the members of ASEAN except Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar

(ASEAN) Association of Southeast Asian Nations

a regional trade agreement between Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam

(CAFTA-DR) Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement

a regional trade agreement between Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the United States

Maastricht Treaty of Europe

a regional trade agreement between most European countries

(NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement

a regional trade agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico

De-forming

a reversal of the forming stage where team members position themselves to control pieces of the team, avoid each other and isolate themselves from team leaders

De-norming

a reversal of the norming stage where team performance begins to decline as the size, scope, goal, or members of the team change

De-storming

a reversal of the storming stage where the team's comfort level decreases, team cohesion weakens, and angry emotions and conflict may flare

Assessment Centers

a series of managerial simulations, graded by trained observers, that are used to determine applicants' capability for managerial work

Work team

a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes

Government imported standard

a standard ostensibly established to protect the health and safety of citizens, but in reality, is often used to restrict imports

Joint Venture

a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company

Cross-functional Team

a team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

Virtual Team

a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunication and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task

Project Team

a team crated to complete a specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time

Self-designing Team

a team that has the characteristics of a self-managing teams but also controls team design, work tasks and team leadership

Self-managing Team

a team that manages and controls all of the major tasks of producing a product or service

General Electric Workout

a three-day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems

Diversity

a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among an organization's employees and customers

Organizational Plurality

a work environment where all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers and themselves and the individuality if each member is respected by no segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group

(GATT) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

a worldwide trade agreement that reduced and eliminated tariffs, limited government subsidies, and established protections for intellectual property

Job Description

a written description of a particular job

Job Specifications

a written summary of the qualifications needed for a particular job

Line Function

an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products

Staff Function

an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling the company's products but instead supports the line activities

Licensing

an agreement in which a domestic company (the licensor) receives royalty payments for allowing another company (the licensee) to produce the lisencor's product, sell its service, or use its brand name in a specified foreign market

Cooperative Contract

an agreement in which a foreign business owners pays a company a fee for the right to conduct tat business in his or her country

Strategic Alliance

an agreement in which companies combine key resources, costs, risks, technology, and people

Experimental Approach to innovation

an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding *Testing, hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty, design iterations, multifunctional teams

Compression Approach to innovation

an approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation

Job Characteristics model (JCM)

an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes

Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

an exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they re "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business" - BFOQs are strictly monitored by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Organic Organization

an organization characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities-loosely defined, frequently changing roles, and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge

Mechanistic Organization

an organization characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities-precisely defined, unchanging roles and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication

Virtual organization

an organization that is a part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers to collectively solve customer problems or provide specific products or services

Modular organization

an organization that outsources non-core business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants

Regional Trading Zones

areas in which tariff and non-tariff barriers n trade between countries are reduced or eliminated

The two basic types of diversity training are:

awareness and skills-based

Social Loafing

behavior in which team members withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of work

how are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements

Generational Change

change based on incremental improvements that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival

Results-driven Change

change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvements of results

Downsizing

company planned elimination of jobs

Skill-based pay

compensation system that pays employees for learning additional skills or knowledge

Design Competition

competition b/w old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design

Training

developing skills, experience, and knowledge employees need to perform their jobs or improve their performance

Surface-level diversity

differences such as age, sex, race, and physical disabilities that are observable and typically unchangeable/easy to measure

Deep-level diversity

differences such as personality and attitudes that are communicated though verbal and nonverbal behaviors and are learned through extended interaction with others

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.

diversity has a broader focus

The primary disadvantage of geographic departmentalization is:

duplication of resources

The most important factor in an attractive business culture is the ___.

easy access to growing markets

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT):

eliminated tariffs in ten specific industries

People with the BIg Five personality dimension of _____ will respond well under stress.

emotional stability

Job Specialization can result in ___.

employee boredom

Phased Retirement

employees transition to retirement by working reduced hours over a period of time before completely retiring

Outplacement services

employment-counseling services offered to employees who are losing their jobs because of downsizing

The glass ceiling is most closely associated with:

ethnic, racial and gender discrimination

Biographical data (biodata)

extensive surveys that ask applicants questions about their personal backgrounds and life experiences

Empowerment

feelings of intrinsic motivation in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination

Compensation

financial and non-financial rewards that organizations give employees in exchange for their work

Change Forces

forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

Resistance Forces

forces that support the existing conditions in organizations

Wholly Owned affiliates

foreign offices, facilities, and manufacturing plants that are 100% owned by the parent company

Sexual Harassment

form of discrimination in which unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature occurs while performing one's job

Diversity Audits

formal assessments that measure employee and management attitudes, investigate the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and review companies diversity-related policies and procedures

Milestones

formal project review points used to asses profess and performance

Reengineering

fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed

Unfreezing

getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed

Subsidies

government loans, grants, and tax deferments given to domestic companies to protect them from foreign competition

Trade Barriers

government-imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods

Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____.

groups of ten or larger

The evidence clearly shows that _____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

Job Enlargement

increasing the number of different tasks a worker performs within one particular job

Job Enrichment

increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority to and control to make meaningful decisions about their work

Norms

informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

Disparate treatment

intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion or membership opportunities because of race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

A technology can become a dominant design if:

it solves a practical problem

Two of the most important results in a job analysis are:

job descriptions and Job specifications

Decentralization ___.

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

Employee Turnover

loss of employees who voluntarily chose to leave the company

Dysfunctional Turnover

loss of high-preforming employees who voluntarily chose to leave the company

Functional Turnover

loss of poor-preforming employees who voluntarily chose to leave the company

In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, the people who are described as happy-go-lucky and are people who are comfortable with an unstructured life and deal well with sudden changes. In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, these people have a ___.

low degree of uncertainty avoidance

Objective performance measures

measures of job performance that are easily and directly counted or quantified *like inputs/outputs

Subjective performance measures

measures of job performance that require someone to judge or assess a worker's performance *like behaviors

Local Adaption

modifying rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures to adapt to the differences in foreign customers, governments, and regulatory policies

Internal Motivation

motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards

Global New Ventures

new companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries

Non-tariff barriers

non-tax method of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods

Resistance to Change

opposition to change resulting from self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change

Geographic departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas

Functional departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business operations/functions or areas of expertise

Customer departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular kinds of customers

Product departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services

Innovation Streams

patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Internal recruiting

people who already work in the company

External recruiting

people who are outside the company

Job Rotation

periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills

Empowering Workers

permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions

Most companies used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.

phase model of globalization

What are the four dimensions of surface-level diversity?

physical capabilities, gender, race, and age

Selection

process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job

Early retirement incentive programs (ERIPs)

programs that offer financial benefits to employees to encourage them to retire early

Affirmative action

purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women

From a legal perspective, the two types of sexual harassment are:

quid pro quo and hostile work environment

Managing global joint ventures can be difficult because they:

represent a merging of four cultures

Four-fifths OR 80 percent rule

rule of thumb used by the courts and EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact-a violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than 80 percent, 4/5ths, of the selection rate for a nonprotected group

Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has a high degree of extraversion?

salesperson

Exporting

selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries

Interpersonal skills

skills, such as listening, communicating, questioning, and providing feedback, that enable people to have effective working relationships with others

Standardization

solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

Expatriate

someone who lives and works outside of his or her native country

Departmentalization

subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks

Refreezing

supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick

Teams are typically required when ____.

tasks require multiple perspectives

Team rewards that depend on ___ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.

team performance rather than individual performance

Employee Involvement Team

team that provides advice or makes suggestions to management concerning specific issues

The development of the DVD player was a source of ___ to companies in the movie industry hust as VHS tapes had once been.

technological discontinuity

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:

technological discontinuity

Specific Ability Tests

tests that measure the extent to which an applicant processes the particular kind of ability needed to do a job well

Cognitive Ability Tests

tests that measure the extent to which an applicants have abilities in perceptual speed, verbal comprehension, numerical aptitude, general reasoning, and spatial aptitude

Work sample tests

tests that require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is:

that is leads to duplication resources

Structural Accommodation

the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices in order to meet stretch goals

Bureaucratic immunity

the ability to make changes without first getting approval from managers or other parts of an organization

Feedback

the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance

Delegation of Authority

the assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible

Team Level

the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team

Global Business

the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries

Interorganizational process

the collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customer's value

Intraorganizational process

the collection of activities that take place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Organizational process

the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Autonomy

the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the job

Task significance

the degree to which a job is perceived to have substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization

Task Identity

the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Individualism-collectivism

the degree to which a person believes that people should be self-sufficient and that loyalty to one's self is more important than loyalty to team or company

Social Integration

the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective

Uncertainty Avoidance

the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situation

Extraversion

the degree to which someone is active, assertive, gregarious, sociable, talkative, and energized by others

Emotional Stability

the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure or excitable

Which of the following is a common factor of global new ventures?

the development and communication of a company's global vision from inception by its founders

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

the discrimination and fairness paradigm

Task Interdependence

the extent to which collective action is required to complete an entire piece of work

Cohesiveness

the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain in it

Technological Lockout

the inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or a non-dominant design

Which of the following about federal employment law is true?

the intent of these laws is to make things such as gender, race or age irrelevant in employment decisions

Glass Ceiling

the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization

Organizational plurality is consistent with:

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Decentralization

the location of a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of an organization

Centralization of Authority

the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization

Job Design

the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers preform in doing their jobs

Incremental Change

the phase of a technology cycle which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design

Technological Discontinuity

the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technology creates a significant breakthrough in performance/function

Discontinuous Change

the phase on a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition

Performance Appraisal

the process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs

Validation

the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance - the better or more accurate the prediction f future job performance, the more valid a test is said to be

Recruiting

the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants

Human Resource Management (HRM)

the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force

Needs Assessment

the process of identifying and prioritizing the learning needs or employees

Change Intervention

the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices

Technology Substitution

the purchase of new technologies to replace older ones

Purchasing Power

the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries

Personality

the relatively stable set of beliefs, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

Staff Authority

the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command

Line Authority

the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command

Authority

the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives

Policy uncertainty

the risk associated with changes in laws and government policies that directly affect the way foriegn companies conduct business

Political Uncertainty

the risk of major changes in the political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events

National Culture

the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country

Organizational Innovation

the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

(WTO) World Trade Organization

the successor to the GATT; the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations-its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible

Testing

the systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations

Disposition

the tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner

Coercion

the use of formal power and authority to force other to change *should be used as a last resort

Team Diversity

the variances or differences in ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team

Organizational Structure

the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company

Chain of Command

the vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization

In the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy) the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ___.

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

Cross-training

training team members to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team members

Skills-based diversity training

training that teaches employees practical skills they need for managing a diverse workforce (flexibility, adaptability, negotiation, problem solving and conflict resolution)

Awareness Training

training that's designed to raise employee's awareness of diversity issues and challenge the underlying assumptions and stereotypes they may have about others

Affective conflict ____.

typically decreases team cohesiveness

Adverse impact

unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, color, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained at substantially lower rates than others

Voluntary export restraints

voluntarily imposed limits on the number or volume of products exported to a particular country

Employee separation

voluntary or involuntary loss of an employee

Global Consistency

when a multinational company has office, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries and runs them all using the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures

Reciprocal Independence

work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner

Pooled Independence

work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole

Sequential Independence

work completed in succession, with one group's or job's outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job

Multifunctional Teams

work teams composed of people from different departments

Creative Work Environment

workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed , valued and encouraged *characterized by freedom, supervisory encouragement, challenging work, and organizational encouragement